ap psych 13 – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
eclectic approach
answer
an approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client's problems. uses techniques from various forms of therapy
question
psychoanalysis
answer
Freud's therapeutic technique. He believed the patient's free associations, resistances, dreams, and transferences- and the therapist's interpretations of them- released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self-insight
question
resistance
answer
in psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material
question
interpretation
answer
in psychoanalysis, the analyst's noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight
question
transference
answer
in psychoanalysis, the patient's transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (such as love or hatred for a parent)
question
psychodynamic therapy
answer
therapy deriving from the psychoanalytic tradition that views individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences, and that seeks to enhance self-insight
question
insight therapies
answer
a variety of therapies that aim to improve psychological functioning by increasing the client's awareness of underlying motives and defenses
question
client-centered therapy
answer
a humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathic environment to facilitate clients' growth
question
active listening
answer
empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies. A feature of Rogers' client-centered therapy
question
unconditional positive regard
answer
a caring, accepting, nonjudgemental attitude, which Carl Rogers believed would help clients to develop self-awareness and self-acceptance
question
behavior therapy
answer
therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors
question
counterconditioning
answer
a behavior therapy procedure that uses classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors; includes exposure therapies and aversive conditioning
question
exposure therapies
answer
behavioral techniques, such as systematic desensitization, that treat anxieties by exposing people to the things they fear and avoid
question
systematic desensitization
answer
a type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. Commonly used to treat phobias.
question
virtual reality exposure therapy
answer
an anxiety treatment that progressively exposes people to stimulations of their greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking
question
aversive conditioning
answer
a type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant states (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol)
question
token economy
answer
an operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior an can later exchange the tokens for various privileges or treats
question
cognitive therapy
answer
therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting; based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions
question
family therapy
answer
therapy that treats the family as a system. Views an individual's unwanted behaviors as influenced by, or directed at, other family members.
question
regression toward the mean
answer
the tendency for extreme or unusual scores to fall back toward their average
question
meta-analysis
answer
a procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research studies
question
evidence-based practice
answer
clinical decision-making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and patient characteristics and preferences
question
biomedical therapy
answer
prescribed medications or medical procedures that act directly on the patient's nervous system
question
psychopharmacology
answer
the study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior
question
antipsychotic drugs
answer
drugs used to treat schizophrenia and other forms of severe thought disorder
question
tardive dyskinesia
answer
involuntary movements of the facial muscles, tongue and limbs; a possible neurotoxic side effect of long-term use of antipsychotic drugs that target certain dopamine receptors
question
anti anxiety drugs
answer
drugs used to control anxiety and agitation
question
antidepressant drugs
answer
drugs used to treat depression; also increasingly prescribed for anxiety. different types work by altering the availability of various neurotransmitters
question
ECT (electroconvulsive therapy)
answer
a biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of anesthetized patient
question
rTMS (repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation)
answer
the application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity
question
psychosurgery
answer
surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior
question
lobotomy
answer
a now-rare psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients. The procedure cut the nerves connecting the frontal loves to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain
question
resilience
answer
the personal strength that helps most people cope with stress and recover from adversity and even trauma
question
humanistic therapist
answer
________ are likely to teach clients to take more responsibility for their own feelings and actions
question
depression
answer
cognitive therapies have achieved especially favorable results in the treatment of
question
aversive conditioning
answer
associating unwanted behaviors with unpleasant experiences
question
systematic desensitization
answer
Jonathon is afraid to ask a girl for a date, so his therapist instructs him to relax and simply imagine he is reading for a telephone and then calling a potential date. The therapist's technique best illustrates the process of
question
eclectic
answer
As a therapist, Dr. Cioffi often uses systematic desensitization. She also considers active listening to be an invaluable therapeutic tool, and she frequently makes use of free association. Dr. Cioffi's therapeutic approach would best be described as
question
operant conditioning
answer
Mr. Quinones, a 5th grade teacher, gives a blue plastic star to each student who achieves a high score on a math or spelling test. At the end of the semester, students can exchange their stars for prizes. Mr. Quinones' classroom strategy illustrates an application of
question
counterconditioning
answer
Benny's mother tries to reduce his fear of sailing by giving the 3-year-old his favorite candy as soon as they board the boat. The mother's strategy best illustrates
question
humanistic
answer
instead of focusing on the cure of psychological disorders, ______ therapies seek to promote personal growth and self-fulfillment
question
operant conditioning
answer
a token economy represents an application of the principles of
question
free association
answer
a central therapeutic technique of psychoanalysis is
question
active listening
answer
an important feature of client-centered therapy is
question
behavior
answer
Cindy suggested that her nail biting might be a symptom of unconscious resentment toward her parents. Her therapist chuckled and said, "No, Cindy, your problem isn't unconscious hostility; your problem is nail biting." Cindy's therapist sounds most like a _________ therapist.
question
cognitive
answer
Nina claimed that her failure to get A's in all her courses meant she was incompetent. her therapist calmly challenged this assertion, commenting, "By your strange calculations, well over 90 percent of all students are incompetent!" The therapist's response was most typical of a ________ therapist
question
cognitive therapy
answer
Dylan is a second-year undergrad who feels so incompetent that he believes his life is worthless and hopeless. Dylan would profit the most from
question
client-centered
answer
As a psychotherapist, Dr. Bulst does not analyze people's motives or diagnose the nature of their difficulties beaus he believes that they are in the best position to diagnose and solve their own problems. Dr. Bulst's position is most characteristic of _________ therapy
question
cognitive-behavioral
answer
an integrated therapy that aims to modify both self-defeating thinking and maladaptive actions is known as ________-__________ therapy
question
exposure therapies
answer
In 1924, Mary Cover Jones reported that 3-year-old Peter lost his fear of rabbits when a rabbit was repeatedly represented while Peter was eating a tasty snack. This episode best illustrated the potential usefulness of
question
transference
answer
Lynn has begun to buy small gifts for her therapist, and she feels extremely jealous of the time he spends with his other patients. To a psychoanalyst, the is most indicative of
question
Chlorpromazine
answer
Antipsychotic drug that lowers dopamine levels in an attempt to dampen responsiveness to irrelevant stimuli
question
Xanax
answer
This antianxiety drug increases the effect of GABA
question
Fluoxetine
answer
This antidepressant's brand name is Prozac
question
Lithium
answer
This drug is used for the treatment of bipolar disorder and stabilizes the neurotransmitter glutamate
question
Depakote
answer
This mood stabilizing drug is used for the treatment of bipolar disorder but affects GABA rather than glutamate
question
Zoloft
answer
Like Prozac, this antidepressant(brand name) is an SSRI, which blocks the reuptake of serotonin
question
Carl Rogers
answer
Famous Humanistic Therapist
question
Freud
answer
Famous Psychoanalysis Therapist
question
Wolpe
answer
Famous Behavior Therapist
question
Aaron Beck
answer
Famous Cognitive Therapist
