A&P II Chapter 22 Reading – Flashcards

Patients with rhinitis often have "watery eyes" because ______.

The adenoids normally destroy pathogens because they contain ______.

The palatine tonsils are found in which of the following regions?

Which of the following is NOT a function of the nasal conchae?

Which of the following regions contains the opening of a canal that equalizes pressure in the middle ear?

Which of the following processes is NOT properly matched with its description?

The division between the upper and lower respiratory system is around the nasopharynx.

Which of these structures is/are NOT properly matched with one of its/their functions?

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of breathing through the nose?

Which of the following is the region where the respiratory path has to cross the digestive pathway?

The normal CFTR protein is a membrane channel protein that controls chloride ion flow into and out of cells. The sweat of cystic fibrosis patients has an abnormally high concentration of salt (NaCl) because the presence of faulty CFTR proteins directly causes ______.

Which of the following processes are unique to the respiratory system?

The tissue(s) and/or cells that may be affected during laryngitis ______.

Smoking inhibits cilia by inhibiting the movements of ______.

Tracheal obstruction by a large piece of food typically involves obstruction of the ______.

What part of the larynx covers the laryngeal inlet during swallowing to keep food out of the lower respiratory passages?

Which cartilage belonging to the larynx anchors vocal cords?

Which of these structures forms a complete ring around the airway?

Which of these cells would be most effective in the ingestion and disposal of microorganisms that may enter the alveoli?

What type of epithelial tissue forms the walls of the alveoli?

In children with infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS), the walls of the alveoli cling to each other and make them difficult to inflate. It is common in babies born prematurely. What cells in these infants are NOT fully developed and are NOT doing their job?

The alveolar ducts are part of the conducting zone.

What structure prevents food and liquids from entering the trachea?

Which of the following is/are part(s) of the respiratory zone structures?

During pleurisy, the inflamed parietal pleura of one lung rubs against the inflamed ______.

Once released, renin functions to enzymatically split (cleave) circulating angiotensinogen into angiotensin I. Where is angiotensinogen made?

Which of the following cavities surround(s) the lungs alone?

Which blood vessels supply oxygenated systemic blood to the lung tissue?

The indentation on the medial surface of each lung through which pulmonary and systemic blood vessels, bronchi, lymphatic vessels, and nerves enter and leave is called the __________.

Which of the following statements about the pleurae is NOT true?

Which of the following would NOT be helpful in identifying the left lung?

In pneumothorax, the lung collapses because ______.

Which of the following would NOT be involved in causing bronchiolar constriction during an asthma attack?

In babies born prematurely, pulmonary surfactant may not be present in adequate amounts ______.

If the compliance of the thoracic wall is decreased, ______.

Which of the following pressures rises and falls with the phases of breathing but eventually equalizes with the atmospheric pressure?

Which of the following pressures must remain negative to prevent lung collapse?

Calculate the intrapleural pressure if atmospheric pressure is 765 millimeters of mercury, assuming that the subject is at rest (not inhaling or exhaling).

Which of the following is an INCORRECT statement relating to the behavior of gases?

Which of the following pressure relationships best illustrates when inspiration will occur?

Which muscles are activated during forced expiration?

During inspiration, the external intercostal muscles can work to increase the volume changes that drive ventilation.

__________ pressure, the difference between the intrapulmonary and intrapleural pressures, prevents the lungs from collapsing.

Quiet inspiration is __________, and quiet expiration is __________.

Which of the following is NOT a physical factor that influences pulmonary ventilation?

According to this spirographic record, what is the total volume of exchangeable air for a normal male?

Which volumes are combined to provide the inspiratory capacity?

What is the minute ventilation of an average adult male at rest breathing at a rate of 10 breaths per minute?

Residual volume is detected with a spirometer.

Which of the following findings consistently matches pulmonary function with problems with ventilation?

Which of the following statements is true?

What is the amount of air that is normally ventilated in one breath?

Which of the following structures would be the LEAST vulnerable to damage caused by oxygen toxicity?

During pneumonia, the lungs become "waterlogged"; this means that within the alveoli there is an abnormal accumulation of ______.

Emphysema can result in an ______.

Henry's law of partial pressures states that when a gas is in contact with a liquid, that gas will dissolve in the liquid in proportion to its partial pressure.

Hypoxia can be caused by ______.

Which of the following would induce the loss of oxygen from the hemoglobin and the blood?

What is the most common method of carbon dioxide transport?

Which of the following best describes the chloride shift as seen in the figure?

If your core temperature becomes colder, it is more difficult for oxygen to dissociate with hemoglobin at any PO2.

Which form of hypoxia reflects poor O2 delivery resulting from too few RBCs or from RBCs that contain abnormal or too little hemoglobin?

Which form of CO2 transport accounts for the least amount of CO2 transported in blood?

Which of the following is the primary factor in oxygen's attachment to, or release from, hemoglobin?

What is the primary form in which oxygen is carried in blood?

Hypocapnia causes ______.

Which of the following initiate(s) inspiration?

What serves as the origin for the phrenic nerve?

Which of the following modifies and smoothes the respiratory pattern?

Which of the following stimuli is the most powerful respiratory stimulant to increase respiration?

Which of the following inhibits/reduces the respiratory rate?

Which of the following conditions or scenarios increases the respiratory rate?

Which of the following arterial blood levels is the most powerful respiratory stimulant?

What is the most powerful respiratory stimulant in a healthy person?

Which of the following descriptions accurately describes Boyle's law?

Which muscles, when contracted, would increase the volume of air in the thoracic cavity?

Which pressure is the result of the natural tendency of the lungs to decrease their size (because of elasticity) and the opposing tendency of the thoracic wall to pull outward and enlarge the lungs?

During an allergic reaction, which of the following would aid respiration?

If the transpulmonary pressure equals zero, what will happen to the lung?

What area in the brain sets the respiratory rhythm?

Inspiratory neurons send information to the diaphragm via what nerve?

What directly stimulates the central chemoreceptors, thus increasing respiration?

As a result of hyperventilation, what will happen to the partial pressures of CO2 (pCO2) and pH?

Which receptors inhibit inspiration during hyperinflation of the lungs?

What stimulates increased respiration at the beginning of exercise?

A homeostatic control mechanism controls respiration. What acts as the effector(s) in this system?

All of the following physical factors affect the mechanics of pulmonary ventilation (breathing) EXCEPT _____________.

Under normal conditions airway resistance is highest in which segment of the conducting airway?

Mike has difficulty breathing when he's experiencing cold-induced asthma due to a change in which of these physical factors?

In order to maintain a normal air flow during inspiration while Mike is experiencing cold-induced asthma, his body must ___________.

Dr. McInnis measured Mike's forced vital capacity (FVC). The vital capacity includes what three lung volumes?

Dr. McInnis wants to obtain Mike's greatest possible vital capacity measurements. Which of the following body positions should Mike assume?

Mike's wheezing and shortness of breath is due to asthma, and obstructive pulmonary disease. Do the following data tend to confirm asthma? FEV1 = 55%; FVC = 65%. (Assume that Mike and the doctor have performed an accurate test.)

Albuterol is a selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist. The intended beta-2 adrenergic effect is ____________. The undesirable effect of beta-1 adrenergic stimulation is ____________.