AP Human Geography The Grand Review (review packet answers) – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion![Causation [ or causality]](https://flashnews.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/causation-or-causality.png "Causation [ or causality]")
Causation [ or causality]
answer
Causation, or causality, is the capacity of one variable to influence another. == The capacity of one variable to influence another. The first variable may bring the second into existence or may cause the incidence of the second variable to fluctuate. === (Note: Causation is often confused with correlation, which indicates the extent to which two variables tend to increase or decrease in parallel. However, correlation by itself does not imply causation.)
question
a computer system that stores, organizes, retrieves, analyzes, and displays geographic data
answer
GIS
question
the forms superimposed on the physical environment by the activities of humans
answer
cultural landscape
question
the spread of an idea or innovation from its source
answer
cultural diffusion
question
interactions between human societies and the physical environment
answer
cultural ecology
question
a space-based global navigation satellite system
answer
GPS
question
the physical environment, rather than social conditions, determines culture
answer
environmental determinism
question
the small- or large - scale acquisition of information of an object or phenomenon, either in recording or real time
answer
remote sensing
question
Choose the one that doesn't belong and write WHY: a) township and range b) clustered rural settlement c) grid street pattern
answer
b) clustered rural settlement - A grid pattern, township, and range are more dispersed and have space rather than a clustered rural settlement that are houses and farm buildings situated close together.
question
Choose the one that doesn't belong and write WHY: a) site b) situation c) its relative location
answer
a) site - A relative location and situation is the location of a place relative to another place, while site is the actual location.
question
Choose the one that doesn't belong and write WHY: a) latitude and longitude b) site c) situation d) absolute location
answer
c) situation - absolute location, site, and latitude and longitude are the actual location of a place, while situation is the relative location
question
Choose the one that doesn't belong and write WHY: a) globalization b) nationalism c) foreign investment d) multinational corporations
answer
b) nationalism - nationalism is the loyalty and devotion to a particular nationality, while the other choices are the effects of westernization and no specific devotion to a particular nationality.
question
Choose the one that doesn't belong and write WHY: a) major airport b) grid street pattern c) major central park d) natural harbor e) public sports facility
answer
d) natural harbor - natural harbor is a landform of water, while the other selections are mostly places that a lot of people go to each and every day.
question
Choose the one that doesn't belong and write WHY: a) Westernization b) uniform consumption c) enhanced communications d) local traditions
answer
d) local traditions - local tradition is a part of folk culture, which doesn't relate to westernization or uniform consumption, or enhanced communications.
question
Choose the one that doesn't belong and write WHY: a) time zones b) China c) United States railroads d) 15 degrees
answer
b) China - China is only a place and there is nothing specifically being said about it. The other choices have something that corresponds with each other; such as every 15 degrees you move east or west you are now in a new time zone
question
Formal Region
answer
Milwaukee, and Wisconsin
question
Functional Region
answer
the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel and an airplane hub
question
Vernacular region
answer
The South and the Rust Belt
question
The "why of where" refers to:
answer
d) the idea that the explanation of a spatial pattern is crucial
question
Which of the following sets of maps would help explain how 'scale of inquiry' affects truth?
answer
c) maps showing Michigan's population density by counties and the United States population density by state
question
Label the population pyramid
answer
Stage 2
question
Label the population pyramid
answer
Stage 3
question
Label the population pyramid
answer
Stage 4
question
Label the population pyramid
answer
Stage 3
question
Label the population pyramid
answer
Stage 4
question
Label the population pyramid
answer
Stage 5
question
Ethnic Cleansing
answer
push
question
Natural Disaster
answer
push
question
Available jobs
answer
pull
question
War
answer
push
question
Chain Migration
answer
pull
question
Overpopulation
answer
push
question
the ability of a resource base to sustain its population
answer
carrying capacity
question
a population shift from urban to rural areas
answer
counter urbanization
question
the number of working-age people compared to the number of people too old or too young to work
answer
dependency ratio
question
migration within a state
answer
internal migration
question
migration between states
answer
external migration
question
the difference between in-migration and out-migration
answer
net migration
question
the process by which immigrants from a particular place follow others from the place to another place
answer
chain migration
question
flight of talented people away from an area
answer
brain drain
question
CBR-CDR per thousand
answer
natural increase rate
question
number of children a woman is likely to have
answer
total fertility rate
question
number of deaths under the age of 2 per thousand
answer
infant mortality rate
question
Choose the cause of the other two: a) water b) population growth c) agriculture
answer
a) water
question
Choose the cause of the other two: a) Columbus discovers America b) crops exchanged between the Western and Eastern hemisphere c) millions of Native Americans are killed by disease
answer
a) Columbus discovers America
question
Choose the cause of the other two: a) one - child policy b) poverty c) overpopulation
answer
c) overpopulation
question
Choose the cause of the other two: a) poverty b) drug trafficking c) guest workers
answer
a) poverty
question
Choose the cause of the other two: a) high standard of living b) large metropolitan population c) Stage 3 of the demographic transition
answer
c) Stage 3 of the demographic transition
question
Choose the effect of the other two: a) poverty b) war c) migration
answer
c) migration
question
Choose the effect of the other two: a) racism b) exclusion of non-white immigrants c) quota laws from the 1920s to the 1960s
answer
c) quota laws from the 1920s to the 1960s
question
Choose the effect of the other two: a) young age structure b) not married c) high level of migration
answer
c) high level of migration
question
Choose the effect of the other two: a) cold weather b) warm coastal waters c) population clusters near the equator and coast
answer
c) population clusters near the equator and coast
question
Choose the effect of the other two: a) increased trade b) rich natural resources c) population cluster on the coast
answer
a) increased trade
question
Two-thirds of the world's population is clustered in four regions. Which of the following is not one of these four regions?
answer
c) sub-saharan africa
question
Assuming a world population of 5,700,000,000 and an annual growth rate of 1.6 percent, how many people will be added to the world's population in the next year?
answer
c) 91,200,000
question
The population of the United States is approximately 300 million, and the land area is approximately 9 million square kilometers. The arithmetic density of the United States is approximately
answer
b) 30 persons per square kilometer
question
Which continent(s) is/are commonly associated with high numbers of refugees in the early 21st century?
answer
c) 1 and 2
question
Buddhism
answer
No god Universalizing India
question
Hinduism
answer
Polytheistic Ethnic Ancient Indus River Valley (Pakistan)
question
Islam
answer
Monotheistic Universalizing Saudi Arabia
question
Judaism
answer
Monotheistic Ethnic Israel, Jerusalem, and the US
question
Mormonism
answer
Monotheistic Universalizing Utah, US
question
Orthodox Christianity
answer
Monotheistic Universalizing Israel
question
Protestantism
answer
Monotheistic Universalizing Israel
question
Roman Catholicism
answer
Monotheistic Universalizing Israel
question
Fragmentation of a region into smaller units
answer
Balkanization
question
A common language
answer
lingua franca
question
An example of ethnic nationalism
answer
Nunavut
question
An example of linguistic fragmentation
answer
Scandinavian
question
An example of how religion can influence geography
answer
Feng shui
question
Minority branch of Islam but majority in Iraq and Iran
answer
Shiite
question
Architectural style that diffused from New England to the Great Lakes
answer
Cape Cod
question
Uneven development
answer
centrifugal
question
Sub-state nationalism
answer
centripetal
question
Linguistic homogeneity
answer
centripetal
question
A strong tradition of local governance
answer
centrifugal
question
National symbols
answer
centripetal
question
Compact state
answer
centripetal
question
Fragmented state
answer
centrifugal
question
External threats
answer
centrifugal
question
The Amish
answer
folk
question
Sports
answer
popular
question
Small scale
answer
folk
question
Large scale
answer
popular
question
Slow change
answer
folk
question
Rapid change
answer
popular
question
Relocation diffusion
answer
folk
question
Cultural homogeneity
answer
popular
question
Traditional diet
answer
folk
question
McDonalds
answer
popular
question
Blue jeans
answer
popular
question
Modern communication
answer
popular
question
All of the following twentieth-century migration streams were propelled by persecution or open conflict EXCEPT
answer
e) Mexicans leaving Mexico
question
if four languages have similar words for numbers and the names of the fish, but different names for a certain disease, what might be concluded about the time at which the disease first diffused?
answer
b) the population divided and evolved into the four different languages, and then the disease spread
question
Which of the following correctly sequences the continuum from language family to dialect?
answer
e) Indo-European, Germanic, English, Midland-Northern
question
Contact zones between religions are most likely to violate when they are
answer
e) associated with competing ethno-national claims to territory
question
____________ is to Canada as ___________ is to the United States
answer
b) French; Spanish
question
Mexico is
answer
h) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
question
Which of the following aspects of diffusion of Western culture threaten non-Western ways of life?
answer
d) 1, 3, 4, 5
question
Put the following in order from the largest to the smallest: Census tract, county, municipality, nation-state, province, empire
answer
Empire, Nation-State, Province, County, Municipality, Census Tract
question
Explain the following: "God, gold, and glory":
answer
The three reasons for Colonialism: 1) European Missionaries establishing colonies to promote Christianity 2) Government's establishing colonies to access raw materials and resources 3) Government's establishing colonies to increase prestige of that country
question
Nation state
answer
Japan
question
Multi-nation state
answer
Korea
question
Multi-state nation
answer
Indonesia
question
Compact state
answer
Vatican City
question
Elongated state
answer
Vietnam
question
Prorupted state
answer
Nicaragua
question
Perforated state
answer
South Africa
question
Fragmented state
answer
Indonesia
question
Landlocked state
answer
Afghanistan
question
Brazil
answer
d) has a forward capital
question
China
answer
c) is a sovereign state
question
Mesopotamia
answer
a) was a hearth
question
Taiwan
answer
b) was a colony
question
Unitary state
answer
France
question
Federal state
answer
Canada, Germany, Mexico, USA
question
Confederal state
answer
Switzerland
question
Devolution
answer
France
question
Colonial powers in Africa, 1850
answer
Portugal, Spain, Italy, Britain, France, and Germany
question
Colonial powers in Africa, 1900
answer
Portugal, Spain, Italy, Britain, France, and Germany
question
Colonial powers in Africa, 1950
answer
Belgium, Portugal, Spain, Netherlands, Italy, and France
question
model that demonstrates the transfer of resources from less developed to more developed areas
answer
core-periphery
question
the fringe of a state
answer
rimland
question
land beyond the border
answer
hinterland
question
the node of a state
answer
heartland
question
an area the retains a distinction from a larger area
answer
enclave
question
manipulating boundaries for political gain
answer
gerrymandering
question
an area rather than a line
answer
frontier
question
mountain (physical)
answer
Example: Ural mountains forming a rugged spine in West-Central Russia and the boundary between Europe and Asia
question
language (cultural)
answer
Example: Germany and Italy emerged in the 19th century as states unified by language. Boundaries drawn around Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, and Romania to conform to the distribution of speakers
question
religion (cultural)
answer
South Asia, when the British partitioned India into 2 states on the basis of religion. The predominantly Muslim partitions were allocated to Pakistan whereas the predominantly Hindu portions became the independent state of India
question
river (physical)
answer
Aras - Armenia and Turkey
question
geometric (cultural)
answer
The 1,000 kilo (600 mile) boundary between Chad and Libya is a straight line drawn across the desert to set the northern limit of French colonies in Africa
question
the Green Line (cultural)
answer
Israel/Jordan
question
The European Union, the Arab League, and the United Nations are all examples of
answer
d) supranational organizations
question
Which of the following has fostered the most significant economic growth by eliminating import tariffs between member state?
answer
a) European Union (EU)
question
The provisions of the United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea give coastal countries navigational and economic sovereignty over which of the following zones?
answer
a) twelve-nautical-mile territorial sea zone
question
An increasing number of states have adopted a federal form of government primarily to
answer
e) meet all of the above needs
question
Choose the one that doesn't belong: a) increases in the amount of land under cultivation b) increases in the agricultural workforce c) increases in the use of energy and technology
answer
b) increases in the agricultural workforce
question
Choose the one that doesn't belong: a) plantation farming b) hunting and gathering c) subsistence agriculture
answer
a) plantation farming
question
Choose the one that doesn't belong: a) efficient transportation b) regionalized cuisine c) corporately controlled farms
answer
b) regionalized cuisine
question
Choose the one that doesn't belong: a) factory farms b) genetic engineering c) high food prices d) Green Revolution
answer
c) high food prices
question
Choose the one that doesn't belong: a) California b) Mediterranean agriculture c) "happy cows" d) sharecropping e) wheat
answer
d) sharecropping
question
Choose the one that doesn't belong: a) soy beans b) coffee c) wheat d) corn e) rice
answer
b) coffee
question
Choose the one that doesn't belong: a) beef b) railroad c) Milwaukee, 1900
answer
c) Milwaukee, 1900
question
Choose the one that doesn't belong: a) Great Plains Native Americans - Buffalo b) Eskimos - snow c) Hawaiians - wigwams d) Wisconsin settlers - log cabins e) Great Plains settlers - sod and thatch
answer
c) Hawaiians - wigwams
question
Choose the one that doesn't belong: a) shifting agriculture b) tropical climate c) global warming d) depletion of soil e) commercial agriculture
answer
e) commercial agriculture
question
Choose the one that doesn't belong: a) sustainable agriculture b) limited use of chemicals c) integration of crops and livestock d) use of pesticide resistant seed e) organic farms
answer
d) use of pesticide resistant seed
question
Choose the one that doesn't belong: a) nomads b) pastoralism c) hunting and gathering d) subsistence agriculture e) shifting agriculture f) terracing
answer
c) hunting and gathering
question
Choose the one that doesn't belong: a) hunting and gathering b) it is limited to topical areas c) gender-based division of labor d) Stage 1 of the demographic transition
answer
c) gender-based division of labor
question
Isolated farmsteads in the United States evolved as a result of all of the following EXCEPT
answer
a) political stability
question
Grain raised in the United States is used today primarily as
answer
c) livestock feed
question
With respect to the relationship between culture, religion, and the physical environment
answer
b) religious ideas may be responsible for some of the changes people make in the physical environment
question
A common difference(s) between farms in an LDC (like Pakistan) vs. farms in an MDC (like the US) that grow the same crop is
answer
c) the income derived from crops
question
What is a milk shed and why is it important?
answer
A milk shed is an area surrounding a city from which milk is supplied. The milk shed is important because milk is quick to spoil, so it has to be located close to the market in order to give the markets fresh milk
question
Terracing, Mediterranean agriculture, pastoralism
answer
Greece
question
Terracing, shifting agriculture
answer
Peru
question
Arid climate, irrigation, little pork production, pastoralism
answer
Turkey
question
Wheat, little pork production, pastoralism
answer
Egypt
question
Factory farms, large pork production
answer
USA
question
Wheat, Mediterranean agriculture
answer
Italy
question
Maize, irrigation
answer
Mexico
question
Soft-drink bottling
answer
bulk-gaining
question
Brewing
answer
bulk-reducing
question
Nickel smelting
answer
bulk-reducing
question
Baking
answer
footloose
question
Automobile assembly
answer
bulk-gaining; just-in time
question
Auto parts manufacturing
answer
bulk gaining
question
Electronics manufacturing
answer
bulk gaining
question
Call centers
answer
footloose
question
Extract natural resources from the environment
answer
primary
question
Transform raw materials into finished products
answer
secondary
question
Involve the collection, processing, and manipulation of information
answer
quaternary
question
Involve the exchange of goods and the provision of services
answer
tertiary
question
Involve the production of fresh produce for urban markets
answer
primary
question
NAFTA
answer
Canada, US, and Mexico
question
Highest consumption of fossil fuels per capita
answer
US
question
The Four Asian Tigers
answer
Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, and South Korea
question
Maquiladoras
answer
Mexico
question
Atlantic-Pacific Canal
answer
Panama Canal
question
High terminal cost, high line cost, high route flexibility
answer
railroad
question
High terminal cost, low line cost, high route flexibility
answer
ship
question
High terminal cost, low line cost, low route flexibility
answer
airplane
question
Low terminal cost, high line cost, high route flexibility
answer
truck
question
Stage 1 (The Traditional Society)
answer
Contains a very high percentage of people engaged in agriculture and a high percentage of national wealth allocated to what Rostow called "non productive" activities, such as the military and religion
question
Stage 2 (The Preconditions for Takeoff)
answer
Process of development begins when an elite group initiates innovative economic activities. Under the influence of these well-educated leaders, the country starts to invest in new technology and infrastructure, such as water supplies and transportation systems. These projects will ultimately stimulate an increase in productivity
question
Stage 3 (The Takeoff)
answer
Rapid growth is experienced in few select businesses. These advances "fuel the fire" by providing capital for the other businesses to utilize
question
Stage 4 (The Drive to Maturity)
answer
Modern technology, previously confined to the takeoff industries, diffuses to every facet of the economy which then realized rapid growth
question
Stage 5 (The Age of Mass Consumption)
answer
The economy shifts from second sector to tertiary and consumer goods begin to grow in numbers
question
Standard of living = refers to the quality and quantity of goods and services available to people and the way they're distributed within a population
answer
High - because the country is more advanced there are more resources that are able to be distributed within a population
question
CBR = Crude Birth Rate
answer
Low - more women are pursuing better careers and aren't worrying about having children, so the CBR would be low.
question
CDR = Crude Death Rate
answer
Low - because less births are happening and more medical choices are available there are less deaths happening than before.
question
NIR = Natural Increase Rate
answer
Low - because both the CBR and CDR are used to calculate the NIR and they are low, than the NIR would also be low too.
question
Life Expectancy = Average number of years an individual can be expected to live
answer
High - more availability to medicine and health services creates longer life spans.
question
Literacy Rate = The percentage of a country's people who can read and write
answer
High - with more competition for jobs and the more education needed more people are being educated to uphold the certain skills needed.
question
GDP = Gross Domestic Product
answer
High - with more resources to help others, available services would increase gradually.
question
GEM = Gender Empowerment Measure
answer
High - with more women going to work than staying at home, both genders are equally capable of obtaining jobs in politics.
question
Pollution = Addition of more waste than a resource can accommodate
answer
Low - alternative energy sources have been found, and are being put to use to help the atmosphere.
question
Jobs in the informal sector
answer
Low - more people are moving away from hobs like mining and agriculture and pursuing jobs in the business sector.
question
Banking, finance, insurance
answer
New York, London, and Tokyo
question
Deforestation
answer
Brazil
question
Desertification
answer
Sahel
question
Ecotourism
answer
National parks
question
Ozone depletion
answer
chlorofluorocarbons
question
Smog
answer
Mexico City
question
Which of the following arguments help explain why 75% of those employed in Export Processing Zones, such as maquiladoras, are women?
answer
b) 2 and 3 only
question
Which of the following has contributed most to the deindustrialization of regions like the English Midlands and the North American Manufacturing Belt?
answer
b) competition from foreign imports
question
In recent decades, all of the following have played a major role in the rapid growth of Sun Belt cities of the United States EXCEPT
answer
d) climatic changed leading to colder northern winters
question
United Nations recognition of a state's "exclusive economic zone" allows the state to
answer
b) claim national economic jurisdiction over 200 nautical miles of water extending from its coast
question
Contemporary manufacturing is characterized by
answer
c) spatial disaggregation of the production process
question
Canada
answer
Rank Size Rule
question
France
answer
Primate City Rule
question
Germany
answer
Rank Size Rule
question
India
answer
Rank Size Rule
question
South Korea
answer
Primate City Rule
question
United States
answer
Rank Size Rule
question
Choose the one that doesn't belong: a) megalopolis b) core area c) Boston to Washington, D.C. d) Los Angeles to San Diego
answer
d) Los Angeles to San Diego
question
Choose the one that doesn't belong: a) Brookfield Square b) edge city c) gentrification d) suburban sprawl e) white flight
answer
c) gentrification
question
Choose the one that doesn't belong: a) agglomeration b) business park c) decentralization d) edge cities
answer
a) agglomeration
question
Choose the one that doesn't belong: a) blockbusting and racial steering b) redlining by financial institutions c) concentration of public housing d) fixed school district boundaries e) Economic Enterprise Zones
answer
e) Economic Enterprise Zones
question
Choose the one that doesn't belong: a) France b) Mesopotamia c) Mexico d) North China e) the Indus Valley
answer
a) France
question
Choose the one that doesn't belong: a) world cities b) Chicago c) Mumbai d) Tokyo
answer
a) world cities
question
Choose the one that doesn't belong: a) 500 B.C. - defensive sites b) A.D. 1700 - water power c) A.D. 1800 - railroad junctions d) pre-1950 - navigable waterways e) post- 1950 - highways
answer
d) pre-1950 - navigable waterways
question
Choose the one that doesn't belong: a) urban b) Africa c) Asia d) South America
answer
b) Africa
question
Place the following in order from least to recent to most recent: "big box" superstore, downtown business district, shopping mall, Internet
answer
1. Downtown business district 2. Shopping mall 3. "Big Box" superstore 4. Internet
question
Export primarily to consumers outside the settlement
answer
g) non-basic industries
question
Sell to people within the settlement
answer
a) basic industries
question
Basic industries minus non-basic industries
answer
j) urban hierarchy
question
Related to talent
answer
e) human capital
question
Related to the level of services provided
answer
c) central plaza
question
Center of Latin American cities
answer
b) CBD
question
Provided to people by government
answer
h) public housing
question
Downtown
answer
d) economic base
question
The presence of which greatly diminishes the attractiveness of site farther away
answer
f) intervening opportunities
question
Illegal occupation of a residential district
answer
i) squatter settlement
question
Which of the following environmental issues is of most immediate concern to policy-makers in New England?
answer
a) overharvesting of breeding stock by commercial fishers
question
Which of the following was NOT a reason for rapid suburbanization in the United States after the Second World War?
answer
b) reduction in long-distance commuting
question
According to the rank size rule, if the largest city in a country has a population of 10 million, the next largest city will have a population of
answer
d) 5 million
question
Today, most of the United States and Canadian population lives in which of the following?
answer
d) metropolitan areas
question
Public transit is more extensive in Western European cities than in the United States primarily because
answer
b) European governments subsidize public transit
question
The attraction of the call center industry to locate in India can best be explained by
answer
e) none of the above
question
Historically, the growth of North American suburbs was most constrained by
answer
c) limited transportation
question
In Latin America, data for employment in many large urban areas are most likely to be incomplete because
answer
e) many people wore in the informal sector
question
Spreading parts production and fabrication among many countries or communities
answer
b) increases large corporations bargaining power with local governments and labor
question
Spreading parts production and fabrication among many countries or communities
answer
b) increases large corporations bargaining power with local governments and labor
