AP Human Geography Chapter 3 – Spatial Interaction and Spatial Behavior – Flashcards
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Activity Space
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the space within which daily activity occurs
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Awareness Space
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knowledge of opportunity locations beyond normal activity space
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Chain Migration
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migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there
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Complementarity
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the actual or potential relationship between two places, usually referring to economic interactions
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Counter Migration
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the return of migrants to the regions from which they earlier emigrated
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Critical Distance
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the distance beyond which cost, effort, and/or means play a determining role in the willingness of the people to travel
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Distance Decay
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the effects of distance on interaction, generally the greater the distance the less interaction
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Friction of Distance
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The increase in time and cost that usually comes with increasing distance.
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Gravity Model
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A mathematical formula that describes the level of interaction between two places, based on the size of their populations and their distance from each other.
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Intervening Opportunity
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the presence of a nearer opportunity that greatly diminishes the attractiveness of sites farther away
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Law of Retail Gravitation
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law that states that people will be drawn to larger cities to conduct their business because larger cities have a wider influence on the hinterlands that surround them
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Migration
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the movement of persons from one country or locality to another
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Mobility
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all types of movement from one location to another
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Movement Bias
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any aggregate control on or regularity of movement of people, commodities, or communication. (Included are distance bias, direction bias, and network bias.)
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Network
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A set of routes and the set of places that they connect
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Personal Communication Field
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An area defined by the distribution of an individual's short-range informal communication. The size and shape of the field are defined by work, recreation, school, and other regular contacts and are affected by age, sex, employment, and other personal characteristics.
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Personal Space
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The zone of privacy and separation from others our culture or our physical circumstances require or permit
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place perception
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..., the awareness we have, as individuals, of home and distant places and the beliefs we hold about them
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Place Utility
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is the measure of an individual's satisfaction with a given residential location
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Potential Model
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provides an estimate of the interaction opportunities available to a center of a network
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Pull Factor
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factor such as freedom or employment opportunities that attract a person to a country
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Push Factor
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factor that induces people to leave old residences
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Reilly's Law
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two cities will attract trade from intermediate locales in direct proportion to the populations of the two cities and inversely proportional to the square of the distance of the two cities to the intermediate place (law of retail gravitation)
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Return Migration
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the voluntary movements of immigrants back to their place of origin. Also known as circular migration
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Space-time prism
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the volume of space and length of time within which our activities must be confined
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Spatial Interaction
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the movement of people, goods and ideas within and across geographic space
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Spatial Search
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the process by which individuals evaluate the alternative locations to which they might move
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Step Migration
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migration to a distant destination that occurs in stages, for example, from farm to nearby village and later to a town and city
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Territoriality
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our sense of ownership of space that remains fixed
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Transferability
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the ease (or difficulty) in which a good may be transported from one area to another.
