AP Human Geography – Ch. 9 – Flashcards

the negative economic effects of urbanization and the local concentration of industry.

interdependencies associated with various kinds of economic linkages, including the cost advantages that accrue to individual firms because of their location among functionally related activities.

industries that manufacture parts and components to be used by larger industries.

an economic policy or situation in which a nation is independent of international trade and not reliant upon imported goods.

develop as new firms arrive to provide the growing industry with components, supplies, specialized services, or facilities.

the negative impacts on a region of the economic growth of some other region.

the maximum number of users that can be sustained, over the long term, by a given set of natural resources

companies that have diversified into various economic activities, usually through process of merges and acquisitions

the withdrawal of investments from activities that yield low rates of profit in order to reinvest in new activities.

a spiral buildup of advantages that occurs in specific geographic settings

a relative incline in industrial employment in core regions.

high level of reliance by a country on foreign enterprises, investments, or technology

measure of the human pressures on the natural enviroment from the consumption of renewable resources

degree to which levels of demand for a product or service change in response to changes in price

small areas within which especially favorable investments and trading conditions are created by governments in order...

cost savings that result from circumstances beyond a firm's own organization and methods of production

ability of manufacturers to shift quickly and efficiently from one level of output to another

principles of mass production based on assembly-line techniques. scientific management, mass consumption...

total overseas business investments made by private companies.

develop as new firms arrive to take the finished products of the growing industry and use them in their own processing, assembly...

historical relationship between the present activities associated with a place and the past experiences of that place.

estimate of the total value of all materials, foodstuffs, goods and services produced by a country in a particular year.

similar to GDP, but also includes the value of income from aboard

economic activities that are deliberately organized around one or more high-growth industries

process by which domestic producers provide goods or services that formely were bought from foreign producers

critical importance of an early start in economic development; special case of external economies

specialization, by countries in particular products of effort.

manufacturing process in which daily or hourly delivery schedules of materials allow ...

cost savings that accrue to particular industries as a result of clustering together at a specific location.

economic principles in which the logic of mass production coupled with mass consumption is modified by the addition...

economic policies that are predicated on a minimalist role for the state, assuming the desireability of free markets as the ideal condition...

countries formely peripheral within the world system that have acquired a significant...

economic activities that have to do directly with natural resources of any kind.

services that enhance the productivity or efficiency of other firms' activities or that enable them to maintain specialized roles.

measures how much of a common "market basket" of goods and services each currency can purchase locally, including goods and services that are not traded internationally

economic activities that deal with the handling and processing of knowledge and information

economics activities that process, transformations, fabricate, or assemble the raw material derived from primary activities or that reassemble, refinish, or package manufactured goods.

positive inpacts on a region of the economic growth of some other region.

commercial agreements between transnational corporations, usually involving shared technologies, marketing network...

vision of development that seeks a balance among economic growth, enviromental impacts, and social equity.

ratio of prices at which exports and imports are exchanged

economic activities involving the sale and exchange of goods and services

groups of countries with formalized systems of trading agreements

companies with investments and activities that span international boundaries...

evolution from large, functionally intergrated firms within a given industry toward networks of specialized firms, subcontractors, and suppliers

paises semiperiferales que no contribuyen generalmente a la economia mundial

cuando tienes mas gastos que ingresos

mas ingresos que gastos