AP HUMAN GEO-CH 13 URBAN PATTERNS – Flashcards
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In a simplified model of a city, a zone where retail and office activities are clustered is the
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Central business district
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Retail activities which tend to concentrate in the CBD include those which have
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Services for office workers
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Cities tens to situate convention centers and sport complexes in their CBDs bc
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They hope to simulate more business for downtown restaurants, bars, and hotels
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Even with the diffusion of modern telecommunications, many lawyers, financial analysts, and public officials in the CBDs still exchange information with colleagues primarily through
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Face-to-face contact
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Land values are high in the CBD primarily bc of
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Competition for limited space
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As a result of high land costs l, the American CBD is characterized by
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The construction of skyscrapers
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What activity tends to locate on the street-level floor of a skyscraper in a typical North American CBD
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Retail
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A land use typically exclude from a NA CBD is
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Industrial
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European CBDs are similar to those in NA bc they both contain
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Retail and office activites
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The zone in transition in US cities typically contains...
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Warehouses, industry, and poorer-quality housing
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According to the concentric zone model, a city develops in a series of
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Rings
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According to the sector model, the best housing is located in
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A cooridor from downtown to the edge of the city
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According to Homer Hoyt's sector model, once a district with high-class housing is established, the most expensive new housing is built
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On the outer edge of that district out from the center
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According to the multiple nuclei model, an airport is likely to attract nearby
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Hotels and warehouses
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Chicago is a good location in which to develop urban models bc it is located
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In a relatively flat prairie
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The city plus is surrounding built-up suburbs is the
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Urbanized area
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Social area anaylasis attempts to explain
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The distribution if different type of people in an urban area
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The multiple nuclei theory
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Includes nodes such as a port, a university, airport, and a park
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A recent change in the typical US density gradient has been
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A reduction in the differences in densities found in an urban area
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In the US, which of the following definitions of a city covers the largest land area
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Metropolitan statistical area
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Many of the poor on the periphery of cities is less developed countries live in areas known as
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Squatter settlements
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The areas on the periphery of cities in less developed countries are sometimes known as
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Batriadas, favelas bidonvilles, bastees, or kampongs
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The law enacted in 1573 that specifically outlined how colonial Spanish cities were to be constructed were called the
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Law of the Indies
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After 1573, most Spanish colonial cities were designed to have
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Gridiron street plans centered on a church and plaza, walls around houses, and wider streets than the centers of most European cities
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According to the sector model, if family X has an income of $100,000 and family Y has an income of $40,000 but family Z has an income of $115,000
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Families X and Z are likely to live in the same sector of the city
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When the models of urban structure developed in Chicago are applied to Sao Paula, one conclusion is that
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The poorest people are located in different areas
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Sprawl is the
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Development of new housing sites not contiguous to the existing built-up area
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People in the US are attracted to suburbs in part bc suburbs are characterized by
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Private land surrounding the house
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The strongest criticism of suburbs argued that historically
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A low-income people and minorities are unable to live in some areas bc of the high cost of the housing, the unfriendliness (or discrimination) of established residents, and fears thay property values would decline if minorities were allowed to buy property
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British cities are surrounded by open space known as
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Greenbelts
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The largest component of the US population lives in
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Suburbs
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Factories have moved to suburban locations in part bc of
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Access to main highways
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Compared to the US, poor families in European cities are more likely to be
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Clustered in suburbs
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A legal form of segregation is US cities is achieved through
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Zoning
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The largest number of daily trips are made primarily for
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Work
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The US government has encouraged the use of cars in part by
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Building interstate highways
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Compared to the private automobile, public transportation offers more
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Energy efficency
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The energy efficency of a hybrid car is tied to
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The use of gasoline engine at high speeds, whereas at low speeds an electric motor takes over; mover over energy that would otherwise escape as heat is captured and stored while the car is coasting and braking
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Public transit is more extensive in western European cities than in the US primarily bc
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European governments subsidize public transit
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Large numbers of employees of suburban businesses may suffer hardships bc they do not
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Own automobiles, in urban landscape where public transportation is limited
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The process that includes subdivide a house from single-family owner occupancy to multiple occupancy, is
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Filtering
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A process by which banks designate an area within which they refuse to lend money for improvements is
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Redlining
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Detroit is trying to figure out how to shut down and close off ____ bc the city cannot afford to pay for street ligjts, garbage pickup, and police protection from the entire 360 square kilometer (139 square miles)
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Entire neighborhood
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Public housing is
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Low-income government-owned housing
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Gentrification
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Is the process by which middle-class people move onto deteriorated inner-city neighborhoods and renovate housing
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Megalopolis refers to
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Adjacent, overlapping Metropolitan Statistical Areas
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Under certain conditions, according to US law when a family is forced by a city to relocate
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moving expenses and rent increases are paid by the government for up to four years
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The underclass is characterized in part by high rates of
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Drug addiction and illiteracy
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In the US cities, the underclass is largely
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Clustered in inner-city neighborhoods
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Most people are homeless bc they
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Cannot afford housing and lack a regular source of income, perhaps of job loss, mental illness, or family problems
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Us inner cities face fiscal problems bc
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Low-income people are concentrated there
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Bc so few people live in the CBD, urban areas are characterized by a high degree of
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Commuting
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The process of legally adding land area to a city in the US is
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Annexation
