AP HuG Chapter 5 Key Issue – Flashcards
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Dialects are distinguishes by what three factors?
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Spelling, vocabulary, and pronounciation
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Dialect
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Regional variations of a language
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Isogloss
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An isogloss is a boundary that separates regions in which different language uses predominate.
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People from all three eastern regions (New England, Southeastern, Midlands) migrated into the Midwest, Great Plains and Western United States. Why is there a relatively uniform form of English (dialect) spoken across this enormous area?
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The migration and mobility of Americans allowed for a uniform dialect to spread across the country.
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Why is American English different from that spoken in England?
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Isolation
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Why don't people in the United States speak "proper" English?
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People in the United States don't speak "proper" English because American English has different spelling, vocabulary, and pronunciation than "proper" English. Colonists who migrated to the Americas were lower class and poorly educated, so they developed their own dialect which they brought with them.
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Why do nearly 90% of Spanish & Portuguese speakers live outside of Europe?
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Nearly 90% of Spanish & Portuguese speakers live outside of Europe because of the colonial activities of their European speakers. (Spanish and Portuguese explorers sailed to the Americas in the 1400s, claiming foreign lands for their home countries and diffusing their language throughout their conquered lands.)
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Why is it difficult to distinguish individual languages from dialects?
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It is difficult to distinguish individual languages from dialects because people choose to believe that their languages are distinct, and won't connect their language to its family.
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Creolized language
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A language that results from the mixing of a colonizer's language with the indigenous language of the people being dominated.
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Language
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A system of communication through speech, a collection of sounds that a group of people understands to have the same meaning
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Literary tradition
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System of written communication
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Official language
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A language designated by a country to be used for official documents and public objects (road signs and money)
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What are worlds languages organized into?
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Language families, language branches, and language groups
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Language families
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Collection of languages related through a common ancestral language
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Language branches
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Collection of languages within a family related through ancestral language. Differences are not as significant or as old as between families
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Language groups
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Collection of languages within a branch that share a common origin in the relatively recent past and display similar grammar and vocabulary
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2/3 of the world's population speaks a language that belong to what family?
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Indo-European or Sino-Tibetan
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What percent of the worlds population speaks a language that fits into one of seven other language families?
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2-6%
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Remainder of population speaks language belonging to __________ smaller families
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1 of 100
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What are the two largest language families?
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Indo-European and Sino-Tibetan
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Indo-European
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Predominate language family in Europe, South Asia, North America, and Latin America
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Sino-Tibetan
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Encompasses languages spoken in the People's Republic of China and several smaller countries in Southeast Asia
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There is no single ________ language
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Chinese
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What is the most used language in the world and the official language of the People's Republic of China and Taiwan?
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Mandarin
