question

What have been the short-run, the middle-run, and the long-run impacts of the Industrial Revolution?

answer

The short run impact of the Industrial Revolution in Western Europe favored the liberal, modernizing principles and legal rights proclaimed in the French Revolution. In the middle run, it made Europe overwhelmingly more powerful than other parts of the world, leading to a worldwide European ascendancy in the form of imperialism. In the longer run, it provoked a retaliation, in Erich other countries tried hastily to industrialize in self protection hoping catch up with Western economies and nation states while loudly denouncing the West as imperialist and capitalist.

question

What were the social consequences of the Industrial Revolution?

answer

Britain is now over crowded and population increased immensely. Unskilled labor worked 14 hours a day and a man could not care for his wife and kids with that money. Families lived in one small room apartments and kids roamed the streets like animals. There wasn't much police protection and there were water, sewage, and garbage issues. "Cotton lords" were men who believed they were hardworkers and pitied the poor because they thought that they couldn't help being poor and lazy. So they gave the poor jobs in their factories.

question

Describe the doctrine of Classical economics.

answer

The doctrine of Classical economics says that there is a world of economic relationships autonomous and separable from government or politics. The world of free market and is regulated within itself by certain natural law, such as the law of supply and demand.

question

Agricultural Revolution

answer

for a century and a half the British government was substantially in the hands of these landowners which resulted in a transformation in farming without this the industrial revolution could not have occurred

question

The enclosure movement

answer

landowners controlled parliament and passed 100s of enclosure acts authorizing the enclose by fences, walls, or hedges, of the common lands and un fenced open fields

question

John Kay

answer

1733 invented the fly shuttle, by which only one person instead of 2 were needed to weave cloth on a loom

question

Richard Arkwright

answer

1769 patented the water frame, a device for the multiple spinning of many threads first operated by water power by in 1780s he introduced the steam engine to drive his spinning machinery

question

James Watt

answer

1763 a technician at the University of Glasgow, began to make improvements on Newcomen's engine

question

George Stephenson

answer

he made the first fully satisfactory locomotive reached 16 mph and met important safety tests

question

Factory system

answer

early favorites were textile factories and cotton mills regarded as the common mode of production, destined to grow and expand and symbolize the irresistible March of progress

question

Adam Smith

answer

published his Wealth of Nations in 1776, criticizing the older mercantilism, with its regulatory and monopolistic practices

question

Thomas Malthus

answer

Followed Adam smith

question

David Ricardo

answer

the Manchester school their doctrine was dubbed by its opponents laissez-faire and in its elaborated form is called classical economics

question

The Manchester school

answer

a school of economists in England in the first half of the 19th century, devoted to free trade and the repeal of the Corn Law, led by Richard Cobden and John Bright.

question

The iron law of wages

answer

proposed law of economics that asserts that real wages always tend, in the long run, toward the minimum wage necessary to sustain the life of the worker. The theory was first named by Ferdinand Lassalle in the mid-nineteenth century.

question

Dismal science

answer

political economy as taught in grim Manchester was not without reason (economics)

question

How was people's thinking changed by the Industrial Revolution and the French Revolution?

answer

People began to think more systematically. To the philosophy of the enlightenment were now added an intense activism and partisanism generated during the French Revolution. People reconsidered and analyzed society as a whole. Social sciences were taking form.

question

Describe the movement of Romanticism.

answer

Romanticism is a nonpolitical theory that describes a theory of literature and the arts. It raised questions on the nature of significant truth, on the importance of various human faculties, on the relation of thought and feeling, on the meaning of the past and of time itself. It rejected the emphasis on classical rules and rational order that had shaped aesthetic theory. They celebrated the idiosyncratic visions of creative individuals rather than the symmetries of classical art and literature. They helped produce the modern image of defiant artistic rebels. It affected thinking on political and social questions.

question

What were the basic principles of liberalism?

answer

The basic principles of liberalism are beliefs of emphasis on the rights and liberties that individuals should possess in every well ordered, modern society. They believed in what was modern, enlightened, efficient, reasonable, and fair. They had confidence in the human capacity for self government and control. They set a high value on parliamentary government, working through reasonable discussion, with responsible ministries and in impartial law abiding administration. They wanted freedom of press and assembly.

question

What were the basic principles of socialism?

answer

The basic principles of socialism are how they regarded the economic system as aimless, chaotic, and outrageously unjust. It was improper for owners of wealth to have so much economic power-to give or deny work to the worker, to set wages and hours in their own interests, to guide all the labors of society in the interests of private profit. They questioned the value of private enterprise, favoring-banks, factories, machines, etc. they rejected the laissez-faire of the liberals and the political economists.

question

John Stuart Mill

answer

liberal political theorists also had influence in Europe most known in his writings

question

Laissez-faire

answer

government leaves private businesses alone because businessmen know better with the economy than the government

question

Radicalism

answer

wanted to extend many of the liberal arguments for individual rights to much wider segments of the population

question

Jeremy Bentham

answer

an elderly sage who in prolific writings undertook to reform the English criminal and civil law, church, parliament, and constitution

question

Republicanism

answer

Liberals who went further and said there should be no monarchy, called for universal suffrage meeting all I don't mention though, against tradition and privilege and against clergy inability because they didn't work for it also against religion because they thought it control done, wanted incremental utilitarian practical reforms

question

Robert Owen

answer

one of the first socialists and cotton lords, created a kind of model community of his employees, paying high wages, reducing hours, correcting drunkenness, building schools and housing for the workers

question

Saint Simon

answer

a nobleman who fought in the war of American independence,accepting the French Revolution, in later years wrote books on social problems

question

Charles Fourier

answer

doctrinaire think who subjected all social institutions to a sweeping condemnation, society be organized in small units

question

Feminism

answer

sought to expand the rights of women both public and private life, argued that the rights of man were the same for women

question

Nationalism

answer

drew its strength from different political and cultural traditions in each country, most pervasive of al isms

question

Describe Herder's philosophy of "cultural nationalism".

answer

Herder's philosophy of cultural nationalism showed what a people could do with a state, once they took it over and used it for their own purposes. The French had raised themselves to dignity of citizenship; they had become free individuals, responsible for themselves taking part in the affairs of their country because of this they were able to rise above all other nations in Europe. Germany was now filled of shame and indignation. A great national German state, expressing the deep moral will and distinctive culture of German people, seemed to the the solution to all their problems,

question

Describe Fichte's view of the state.

answer

Fichte came to see the state as the means of human salvation. He shared Rousseau's conception of the state as the embodiment of the sovereign will of the people. He sketched a kind of totalitarian system in which the state planned and operated the whole economy of the country, shutting itself off from the rest of the world in order that, at home, it might freely develop the character of its own citizens. The individual spirit creates its own moral universe and the spirit of a people created a kind of moral universe as well, manifested in its language, history, arts, folkways, customs, institutions, and ideas.

question

Describe Hegel's philosophy of nationalism and history.

answer

Hegel's philosophy of nationalism and history is that change came about through a historical dialectic, or irresistible tendency of the Universal Spirit and the human mind to move forward by the creation of opposites. A given state of affairs (thesis) in this view would produce the conception of an opposite state of affairs(antithesis), which would be followed by a reconciliation and fusion of the two (synthesis). This synthesis became the starting point for a new thesis in the next stage of dialectical change.

question

George Hegel

answer

Said that weltgeist moves through Germany and moved by Volkgeist and said that through history things kept changing, had dialectical idealism and also said you find true freedom within a nation, in every era of history there is a dominant nation and from the struggle of 2 nations 1 rises and the cycle goes on and on

question

Weltgeist

answer

World spirit

question

Dialectical idealism

answer

Two ideas been opposite each other

question

Slavic revival

answer

The Slavs - including Russians, Poles, Ukrainians, BYelorussian, Ruthenians, Czechs, Slovaks, Slovenes, Croats, Serbs and Bulgars - were undergoing something of a revival of self-esteem. Had been submerged under Western influence then in 19th century they emerge to assert Slavism. Languages and cultures were promoted by Slavs such as Karajich in his book Popular Songs and Epics of Serbs.

question

Conservatism

answer

Thought most people were lazy, disgusting, corrupt, mostly the middle class and wanted a big powerful government that maintain law and order and didn't think many people should vote, thought society is organic, government needs to be paternalistic to help the poor, change should be slow, religion kept people in order

question

Edmund Burke

answer

A conservative who thought there will be change and a big change between generations and he wanted an evolutionary change

question

Herder

answer

His nationalism was cultural and he said that each nation had its own Volkgeist, no one nation is better than another they're all just different, all nations contribute to mankind

question

Fichte

answer

This is where nationalism started to become more aggressive, he agreed with herder on Volkgeist, Except said Germans re the best Volkgeist, One finds his salvation through history, he was not into the individual

question

Industrial revolution

answer

When we found new ways of manufacturing stuff in huge amounts and the amount of wealth in Europe increased many times, lasted 100 yrs till end of 1800s, arguable the greatest force in the last 200 yrs

question

Spread of industrial revolution

answer

First France and Belgium, then spread eastern, reached Central Europe in mid 1830-50s, spread in to the US after the Civil War in 1865 it really took off, the US had caught bring by 1900s and was the greatest economy till today

question

Japan

answer

Had been isolated country for many years, a late 1800s it ended the isolation and realize how behind they were, became greatest power and eastern Asia try to catch up with other countries, stay greatest power and eastern Asia until end of World War One

question

Russia

answer

Last European country to undergo industrial Avenue right revolution in 1890s, biggest period of industrial revolution in 1930s under communist Stalin, he realized that they were still way behind in by the end of the decade the country became one of largest economies historians believe if Stalin and not done this Russia would've been defeated in world war 2

question

Cottage system

answer

The Industrial Revolution replaced this and it was when people created things in your cottage is in the machines relied on animals from power

question

The steam engine

answer

Introduced in industrial revolution and makes thread developing from late 1600s and the only one by James 1769 was the modern one, and revolutionize the power system and Richard Arkwright decide to put all these machines in one building

question

2 main raw materials

answer

Iron and coal

question

First industry to under revolution

answer

Textiles and mining and ironmaking

question

Middle class

answer

Ran and owned the factories and businesses they expanded and changed the winners and Industrial Revolution

question

Proletariat

answer

The industrial revolution created this class, it's the working class, did the dangers and backbreaking work there, tension between them and middle-class from then on

question

The social question

answer

Is a matter of fairness and equality, workers said they are not getting paid enough, they thought most of the wealth goes to the middle class instead of the workers and wanted higher wages and better living conditions

question

Railroad

answer

Revolutionized transportation

question

Why did Britain industrialize first?

answer

The agricultural revolution resulted in enough food being produced so that people were able to move into cities and get jobs in factories. Thousands of previous farmers were now looking to get jobs in factories. Also, there was an increase in the population, creating more of a demand for goods. Now there were more workers in the factories to produce the increasing demand for goods. Next, there was an expansion of commerce, which resulted in an increase demand and more wealth for England to build factories/machines. There was also a series of inventions, all of which created the cascading effect of invention. Politically, England had a stable government and no wars been fought internally. Similarly, England did not practice as strict a form of mercantilism as in other countries, therefore allowing for more freedom among those running businesses. Economically, there was more competition among businesses, and England had the most advanced credit and banking program of the time. Socially, England had a very mobile, talented labor force. The nobility were encouraged to engage and invest in businesses. religiously, England was Protestant, therefore they were more likely to be involved in businesses. Geography, England was blessed with tons of iron, ore, and coal in their nation. They also had an advanced transportation system.

question

The agricultural revolution as a cause

answer

Occurred in made 1700s in Britain and made improvements in food, producing more food with your workers and without this could not have had industrial revolution, now able to produce enough food to feed cities and released thousands of workers who moved to cities to work in factories

question

Increase in population as a cause

answer

Helped bring on industrial revolution which helps increase population more and now a greater demand with bigger population, created a new need to find a way to produce more, more people and more producers

question

Commercial expansion as a cause

answer

Increase in buying and selling/demand and was mainly in England, find a way to produce enough and created more wealth

question

Inventions as a cause

answer

Each one led to another which was the cascading effect of inventions, machines make lost faster than you need more thread faster

question

Economic impact

answer

Wealth of your increased greatly, lead to greater production and to dominance of capitalism, also created socialism in the business cycle

question

Business cycle

answer

Economic activity has its ups and downs but goes up word it is no longer flat

question

Social impact

answer

Caused standard of living in Europe to go up and made Europeans more materialistic and secularistic, increased population and dominance of middle-class was brought on, created the proletariat, more fluid society and European society is more urban

question

Political impact

answer

Lead to social question and stronger government because of the social question

question

International impact

answer

Will make Europe dominant in the world for a long time and a great empires in Europe Will end after world war two, one reason is because there are a lot of ill feelings towards US

question

Idea logical impact

answer

Most people did not have opinions before industrial revolution, thinking is more systematic, opinionated ideas, having an intense ultras him and more people so more people care

question

Socialism

answer

Wealth created by society should go to the benefit of society

question

Capitalism

answer

Says the wealth crated go to the one who made it, Adam Smith is the father of it

question

Immanuel Kant

answer

Into ethics and epistemology, he wrote two books critique of pure reason and critique of practical reason, first level for most people is senses and that's all they need, second level uses reason and understanding and third level is intuition or got a feeling

question

Ethics/morals of Immanuel Kant

answer

He said we all have these moral laws inside us the tells us what is right and categorical imperative's means it's all black and white, act as if everyone will act like you and it will be a great world

question

Deontology

answer

People have the duty to make right choice

question

Arthur Schopenhauer

answer

Wrote the world as well and idea, our desires exceed our grasps or what we can achieve in life is like the Psalms given to the baggers so we can survive today

question

Third of May

answer

By Goya means they use extreme light in one part of painting which creates a dramatic affect and an up close and personal, emotional painting, suppose to create a greater sense of terror

question

Witches Sabbath

answer

By Goya and is mysterious painting

question

Bullfight

answer

By Goya and a lot of it is a blur like clouds and storms are there to add to the affect

question

Court of inquisition

answer

By Goya

question

Wellington

answer

By Goya and his eyes look like doorways into his mind

question

Liberty Leading the People

answer

By Delacroise he uses drape colors except the French flag

question

Dante and Virgil in hell

answer

By Delacroise dark background

question

Lion hunt

answer

By Delacroise and never a khamsin attack it online is the main theme

question

La Marseillaise

answer

By rude volunteers going to disband friends and revolution

question

Salsibury Catherdral

answer

By constable

question

Rain, Steam, and Speed

answer

By turner like to show transition in England from call to exciting from industrial revolution

question

Burning of the House of parliament

answer

By turner fire that illuminates the city and flames become part of the sky

Ap euro industrial revolution – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards