A&P Chapter 9 – Flashcards
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Which of the following types of joints lacks a joint cavity and is held together by a fibrous connective tissue?
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Fibrous joints
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Most of the freely movable joints of the body could be classified both structurally and functionally as __________.
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synovial and diarthroses
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Which of the following is a type of fibrous joint composed of a thin layer of dense irregular fibrous connective tissue found between the bones of the skull?
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Suture
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Joint of the tooth
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Gomophosis
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The bodies of adjacent vertebrae are connected by pads of fibrocartilage (the intervertebral discs). The articulations between adjacent vertebrae are called __________.
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symphyses
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The epiphyseal plate in a long bone is an example of which type of joint?
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Synchondrosis
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Study the below image. Which letter represents a layer composed of areolar connective tissue with elastic fibers?
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Red layer
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Which of the following is NOT a common characteristic of synovial joints?
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Include elastic cartilage
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Which of the following is NOT a function of synovial fluid?
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to maintain a sterile environment within the joint cavity
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Another term for menisci is
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articular discs
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Which of the following structures is used to reduce friction in joints?
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Bursae
Synovial fluid
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Which of the following represents a type of movement where there is a decrease in the angle between articulating bones?
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Flexion
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Flexion and extension usually occur along which plane?
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Sagittal
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Which special movement involves moving your thumb across the palm to touch the tips of the fingers on the same hand?
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Opposition
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Types of joints (3)
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Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial
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Types of fibrous joints (3)
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Suture, Syndesmosis, Gomphosis
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Types of cartilaginous joints (2)
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Symphysis, Synchondrosis
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Fibrous joints
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Fibrous connective tissue joins the skeletal structures
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Suture
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Fibrous joint: Frequesntly serrated edges of articulating bones, separated by a thin layer of fibrous tissue; no movement
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Syndesmosis
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Fibrous joint: Articulating bones bound by a interosseous ligament; slight movement; e.g. joints between radius-ulna
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Gomphosis
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Fibrous joint: Periodontal ligament binding teeth into dental aveoli of bone; no movement
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Cartilaginous joints
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Fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage joins the skeletal structures
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Symphysis
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Cartilaginous joint: Thin pad of fibrocartilage between articulating bones
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Synchondrosis
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Cartilaginous joint: Mitotically active hyaline cartilage between skeletal structures; no movement; e.g. ribs and costal cartilages
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Synovial joints
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Joint capsule between articulate bones, containing synovial fluid; extensive movement
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Gliding
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Synovial joint: Flattened or slightly curved articulating surfaces; sliding movement; e.g. intercarpal and intertarsal joints
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Hinge
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Synovial joint: Concave surface of one bone articulates with a depression of another; bending motion in one plane; e.g. elbow, joints of digits
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Pivot
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Synovial joint: Conical surface of one bone articulates with a depression of another; rotation about a central axis rotational movement; e.g. proximal radioulnar joint
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Condyloid
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Synovial joint: Oval condyle of one bone articulates with elliptical cavity of another; biaxial movement; e.g. wrist
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Saddle
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Synovial joint: Concave and convex surface on each articulating bone; wide range of movement; biaxial movement; e.g. carpometacarpal joint at base of thumb.
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Ball and Socket
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Synovial joint: Rounded convex surface of one bone articulates with cuplike socket of another; movement in all planes and rotation; e.g. hip joints and shoulder joints
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Types of Synovial Joints (6)
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CHPSBG - Condyloid, Hinge, Pivot, Saddle, Ball & Socket, Gliding
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flexion
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movement in the saggital plane that decreases the angle of the joint and brings two bones closer together
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extension
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opposite of flexion; movement in the saggital plane that increases the angle of the joint or distance between two bones or parts of the body
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hyperextension
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extension greater than 180 degrees
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rotation
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movement of a bone around its longitudinal axis
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abduction
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moving a limb away in the frontal plane from the median plane of the body, spreading the fingers apart
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adduction
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opposite of abduction; movement of a limb toward the body midline
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circumduction
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a combination of all the movements, commonly seen in ball and socket joints where the proximal end of the limb is stationary while the distal end moves in a circle
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dorsiflexion
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lifting the foot so the superior surface approaches the shin, standing on the heels
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plantar flexion
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pointing the toes
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inversion
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turning the sole of the foot medially
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eversion
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turning the sole of the foot laterally
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supination
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forearm rotation laterally so that the palm is facing anteriorly and the radius and ulna are parallel
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pronation
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forearm rotation medially so that the palm faces posteriorly and the ulna and radius are crossed
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opposition
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touching the thumb to other fingers
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The radioulnar joint allows a person to turn their hands so that the palms face anteriorly (as in anatomical position) or to face posteriorly. The radioulnar joint is an example of what type of synovial joint?
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pivot joint
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Which type of joint confers the greatest range of motion?
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ball-and-socket joint
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Which of the following is an example of a pivot joint?
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the atlanto-axial joint that allows the atlas to rotate around the axis
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Which of the following is NOT a factor affecting range of motion of a joint?
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Eversion
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This joint is the largest and most complex of the body, and consists of three joints contained within its synovial cavity.
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knee joint
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This joint is a complex and weight-bearing joint, and is the most frequently injured joint in the body. The articular surfaces of the bones do not have complementary surfaces, so the stability of the joint depends mostly on its ligaments and the muscles that move the joint.
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the knee joint
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Which of the following is NOT an anatomical component of the elbow?
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tendon of the biceps brachii muscle
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These show a total hip replacement. Why is this arthroplastic procedure considered a total replacement, and not partial?
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the head of the femur is completely replaced by a prosthesis
the acetabulum is replaced by an artificial acetabulum
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Which of the following diseases is characterized by sodium urate crystals being deposited in the soft tissues of joints?
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Gouty arthritis
