a&p chapter 24 – Flashcards
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Where is the greatest volume of water in the body found?
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Intracellular fluid (ICF)
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What determines osmosis from one fluid compartment to another?
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The relative concentration of solutes in each compartment
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In which compartment would fluid accumulate in edema?
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Tissue (interstitial) fluid
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Most body water intake is from __________, whereas most body water lost is via __________.
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drinking; urine
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Which of the following occurs when blood volume and pressure become too high?
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ADH release is inhibited.
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What is the principal cation of the ECF?
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Na+
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What is the function of aldosterone?
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It increases Na+ reabsorption and K+ secretion.
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Hypernatremia is a plasma __________ concentration above normal.
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Na+
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Women have a tendency to retain water during part of the menstrual cycle because estrogen mimics the action of what?
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Aldosterone
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What is the most abundant cation in the ICF?
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K+
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Which of the following occurs with hypokalemia?
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Cells are hyperpolarized.
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Which of the following is not a role of calcium in the body?
It participates in muscle contraction.
It is a significant component of nucleic acids.
They serve as second messengers.
It activates exocytosis.
It is important in blood clotting.
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It is a significant component of nucleic acids.
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What is the normal pH of tissue fluid?
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7.35-7.45
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What protein is the most important buffer in blood plasma?
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Albumin
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Which of the following characterizes a weak base?
It binds a little OH- and has a weak effect on pH.
It binds a lot of OH- and has a strong effect on pH.
It binds a little H+ and has a weak effect on pH.
It resists changes in OH-.
It lowers the pH.
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It binds a little H+ and has a weak effect on pH.
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How do the kidneys compensate respiratory acidosis?
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By secreting more hydrogen ions
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Breathing into and out of a paper bag for a long period of time will lead to __________.
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respiratory acidosis
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An excessive intake of antacids can lead to which of the following?
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Metabolic alkalosis
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A patient suffering from diabetic acidosis would display which of the following symptoms?
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Hyperventilation
