A&P Chapter 13 reflexes – Flashcards
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The patellar (knee-jerk) reflex is an example of what type of reflex?
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It is an example of a stretch reflex.
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The ____ part of the reflex caused the stretched muscle to contract.
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Monosynaptic
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The ____ part of the reflex prevent the antagonist from contracting.
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Polysynaptic
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The polysynaptic part of the reflex is also known as the _____.
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reciprocal inhibition
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___ reflexes are complex and result from practice and repetition. Ex, driving skills.
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Learned reflexes
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____ reflexes are simple, rapid, involuntary, unlearned and are predictable motor responses to a stimulus.
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Inborn reflexes
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____ is the specific neural pathway over which a reflex occurs.
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Reflex arc
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What are the components of the reflex arc?
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1.) receptor
2.) sensory neuron
3.) integration center
4.) Motor neuron
5.) effector
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The ___ is the site of a stimulus action
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Receptor
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____ transmits *afferent* impulses to CNS
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Sensory neurons
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____ is either the monosynaptic or polysynaptic region within the CNS.
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Integration center.
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____ conducts *efferent* impulses from integration center to effector organ.
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Motor neuron
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____ is a muscle fiber or gland cell that responds to efferent impulses by contracting or secreting
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Effector
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____ reflexes involve autonomic motor neurons which innervate muscles and glands over which we have no control.
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Autonomic reflexes
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When your pupils dilate or when you salivate when you are hungry these are examples of what reflex?
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Autonomic reflexes
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somatic motor reflexes involve somatic motor neurons which innervate ______.
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skeletal muscle
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____ are somatic motor reflexes where integration occurs in the *spinal cord* rather than in the brain.
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Spinal reflexes
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why is testing reflexes clinically important?
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Because if exaggerated, distorted or absent then that may indicate degeneration of specific regions of the nervous system.
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What are two types of *intrinsic reflexes* that we have studied?
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1.) flexor reflex
2.) Stretch reflex
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Flexor reflex is initiated by ____. Which causes the automatic with drawl of the threatened body part.
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painful stimulus
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____ means that the response is on the same side as the stimulus.
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Ipsilateral
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T/F, the brain can override spinal reflexes.
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True
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___ means many different muscles may be called into play.
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Polysynaptic
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T/F, input from the brain is required in spinal reflexes?
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False
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What are the two purposes for the stretch reflex?
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1.) To smoothly coordinate skeletal muscle.
2.) It sends motor output to large postural muscles, which helps us develop muscle tone in order to keep us upright.
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Why are stretch reflexes the simplest somatic spinal reflex?
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Because they are the only reflexes to have monosynaptic components
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A single stimulus stretch in a muscle, elicits two different motor responses, what are the two responses?
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1.) contraction of the stretched muscle
2.) relaxation of the antagonist muscle
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Muscle spindles are a type of ____, that detects changes in muscle length.
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Proprioceptor
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Proprioceptors are ____ that give your a body a sense of limb position and joint movements.
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sensory receptors
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Muscles spindles are the sensory receptors for_____.
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stretched reflexes
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In this type of muscle, sensory neurons fire AP's at a constant rate. Unstrteched or stretched
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Unstretched
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In this type of muscle, stretching activates the muscle spindle, increasing the rate of AP's.
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Stretched
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The _____ causes the muscle to contract in order to relieve the stretch, and this ensures sure that the muscle stays at a set length.
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Stretch reflex.
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t/F, AP continue even when there is slack when the muscle is contracted.
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False, they stop.
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Knee-jerk reflex keeps the knees from___ when standing upright.
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buckling
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When quadriceps on anterior thigh contract, the leg ___ at the knee.
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Extends or straightens
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Why is the patellar knee jerk reflex a somatic reflex?
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Because it involves skeletal muscle.
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why is the patellar knee jerk reflex a spinal reflex as well?
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Because you are not getting any signals from your brain.
