AP Art History-Final Exam – Flashcards
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fibula
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decorative pin used to fasten a cloak or cape
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cloisonné
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enamel work; glass on a metal base
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Sutton Hoo purse cover
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625 CE Suffolk, England -from Sutton Hoo burial...ship used as coffin (transportation to the next world) -red and gold (power colors) >>geometric elements, animal motifs (birds and lions), and curved, linear interlace become characteristic -symbolism as a way to communicate -ducks and eagles attacking, man b/w two lions fending them off >> POWER
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Merovingian (Frankish) fibula
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mid 6th century France -made from gold, garnets, and enamel (cloisonné) -functional, but decorative -geometric curved lines that resolve in circles forming eyes of animals -abstract zoomorphic motifs -fish>>Christianity -birds (eagles)>>power -animal style art was the dominant trend from 5-9th centuries
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St. Matthew page, Book of Durrow
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660-680 Scotland -pattern, interlace on boarder and on cloak -no classical sense of body -Matthew
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carpet page, Lindisfarne Gospels
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697-721 England -carpet page -repetition and symmetry (dynamic tension, state of equilibrium) -minerals for color are expensive and must be imported; gold leaf also expensive -intricate...took a long time to produce. Production regarded as a form of meditation/worship...done to glorify God -interlace is symbolic of eternity...also is a trap for evil -many animal motifs...more subdued
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Chi Rho Iota page, Book of Kells
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late 8th or early 9th century Scotland -not a carpet page...words -repeated curves and interlace -Jesus in center (blonde) -animals: -otter -cats with mice (mice=evil...eating communion bread, cats are going to attack! Good v. Evil) -4 evangelists
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High Cross of Muiredach
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923 Ireland -exception to small items and manuscripts -grave marker -celtic cross -episodes of Jesus' life west: crucifixion (sunset) east: resurrection (sunrise)
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Charlamagne equestrian sculpture
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9th century France -Roman equestrians, but now SMALL...tabletop size -cross, orb -bronze...metal (like earlier Middle Age)
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Coronation Gospels
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800-810 Germany -shaped by COLOR -drapery...see his body -illusionism and realism, naturalistic
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Ebbo Gospels
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816-835 France -shaped by LINE -adapt Roman stuff...but proportions are wrong and it's not very naturalistic -in front of a landscape (perspective, illusionism) -lines are diagonal>>dynamic...especially b/c it changes diagonal -emotional/expressive
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Lindau Gospels
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870 Switzerland -manuscripts=a HUGE investment...protect them! -front: Jesus' crucifixion, angels crying -back (pictured): butterfly (resurrection), 4 heads=4 gospels, lots of interlace in the wings
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Palatine Chapel, Aachen
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792-805 Aachen, Germany -Roman semicircular arch...big open space in the middle...enclosing large volumes of space (Roman) -columns literally=Roman -1st stine vaulted builing in centuries
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Bronze doors, St. Michael's, Hildesheim
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1015 Germany -commissioned by Bishop Bernward -16' tall -symbolic (Middle Age population was mostly illiterate) -shows key stories of Christian doctrine left: fall of man (sinfulness, expulsion serpant=lizard...top to bottom) right: salvation (annunciation to resurection...bottom to top)
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Column of Bishop Bernward
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1015-1022 Germany -originally guess a crucifix adorned the top -tells stories of Jesus NOT told on the door -influence of Trajan's Column!! -bronze
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Gero Crucifix
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970 Cologne, Germany -wood -large scale -German expressionism>>emotional, dramatic -very graphic (earlier, crucifixion never shown)...martyrdom...inspire
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Hiberno Saxon
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(aka Insular) an art style that flourished in the monasteries of the British Isles in the early Middle Ages
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carpet page
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In early medieval manuscripts, a decorative page without any text
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Matthew
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angel (earlier a man)
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Mark
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lion
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Luke
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ox
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John
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eagle
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chi rho iato
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XPI, monogram, Greek for Christ
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celtic cross
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cross with a ring surrounding the intersection
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Carolingian Era
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700-900, associated with Charlamagne who wanted to revive Roman imperial artistic traditions
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renovatio
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renevalto; renewal, renovation, restoration of the Roman empire...renew tradition, not copy
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Ottonian
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900-1000; evolved during the reign of the "Otto's". Inspired by carolingian and byzantine architecture. Found in Germany.
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Romanesque
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1050-1200, "Roman-like." A term to describe the history, culture, and art of medieval western Europe.
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St. Sernin
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1070-1120 France -monastery of town -pilgrimage site (to visit relics)>>effects architecture...more room for more people -basilican w/transept, cruciform -two aisles (more room)...aisles direct traffic to chapels, keep out of the way of service -radiating chapels -crossing (where altar is)=square...dimensions set proportions for the rest of the church -no lights>>few wall decorations
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Church of St. Pierre, Miossac
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1115-1135 Miossac, France -portal -Christ in Majesty...throned, usually judge at the las judgement -surounded by angels -row of Old Testament figure...Jesus is fulfillment
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Church of St. Pierre, prohet
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1115-1130 Miossac, France -Jeremiah? -body is more of a pattern that physical body -lots of angles...forms X -floating -elongated
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Church of La Madeline, Vezelay
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1120-1132 France -Jeus is central -Pentecost (sending out apostles to spread the faith) -infidels on lintel -outer achivolt shows figures of different labor activities...labors of the months >ackowledgment of society >applicability of Christianity throughout the year -in between labors are signs of the zodiac >all times and all people for Christianity
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Moralia of Job
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1115-1125 France -historiated initial -knight=good Christian soldier v. evil
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Morgan Madonna
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12th century France -small 3D object, appear later -image of Mary with Jesus as a baby -for private use -owned by J. P. Morgan -Jesus is both human and divine, baby with adult proportions and features -emphasis on line and pattern...pleats on her arm, linear pattern
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Pisa
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1063-1174 Pisa, Italy -Leaning Tower=a bell tower (ITALIAN) -rounded arches -fairly plain -few windows -baptistry (as move up, more decorative) -cruciform with a dome at the crossing (ITALIAN)
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St. Entienne, Caen
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1067 Caen, France -Norman style -towers are more decorative, still plain -divided into 3 (frames are buttresses) -lots of 3! -ribs help to distribute weight
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Durham
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1093 Durham, England -Norman style -later...fancier -ribs are visible -rose window -designs on columns -alternate support system
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Bayeaux Tapestry
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1070-1080 France -not actually a tapestry...embroidered -largest surviving secular work of art -tells Battle of Hastings: William the conqueror conquers England, brother (bishop) commissions -contemporary event...tells why won the battle -propaganda, shows moral justification for victory -made by nuns
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Gothic
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1140-1500 Originally dero, a style of architecture developed in northern France that spread throughout Europe between the 12th and 16th centuries; characterized by height, pointed arches, flying buttresses, and light
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St. Denis
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1140-1144 Saint-Denis, France -church of patron saint of France -pilgrimage place, where kings are buried ...rebuild, Suger wants to reflect grandeur, surround by beauty to become closer to God -pointed arches and ribs>>more windows!
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Chartres
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1145-1155 Chartres, France -best example or early Gothic architecture -two different towers -3 portals, rose window, lancets -pointed arches, ribs, and maze on the floor (journey of a pilgrim) -windows use primary colors, Mary=blue, Jesus=red -remove stained glass -south transept is 60-70 yrs later, more realistic...almost contrapposto
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Chartres, jambs
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1145-1155 Chartres, France -look very Romanesque -depicts Old Testament Queens and Kings -very straight and cylindrical -figures are more 3D -not naturalistic yet
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Laon
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1190 Laon, France -early, undecorated around windows -rose window, 2 tall towers (FRENCH)
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Laon, interior
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1190 Laon, France -4 division>>added a triphorium, fills the space because it's taller (later find ways to fill the space...doesn't last long...make other parts larger)
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Notre Dame, Paris
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1163-1225 Notre-Dame -flying buttresses (support only at need, thinner walls, more windows
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Amiens
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1220 France -towers different sizes -later, more decoration, sculpture expanding past the portals -one of tallest! -lots of sculpture in the portals
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Ameins, Beau Dieu
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1220-1225 France -more realistic physical form -almost separate from architectural setting -beautiful God (v. Romanesque judge...now blessing) >trying to draw people into the church -standing on a lion and a dragon (Christianity overcomes secular and evil)
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Reims, jamb statues
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1220-1255 France -more detached -2 pairs by two different artists -anunciation
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St. Chapelle
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1243-1248 Paris, France -basically no walls...3/4 are windows
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Virgin of Paris
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early 14th century Paris, France -kind of contrapposto...Gothic "S" curve -Jesus=more baby like...proportions are better -more emotional
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Salisbury
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1320-1330 England -lower height -longer -fewer flying buttresses -no rose window -2 transepts
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Gloucester
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1332-1357 England -fanned vaulting
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radiating chapels
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In medieval churches, chapels for the display of relics that opened directly onto the ambulatory and the transept; "radiate" out of the apse
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Church of St Lazare, Autun
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1120-1135 -France -by Gislebertus (only portions, but designer) -Jesus is central and LARGE -last judgement -heaven=left, damned=far right in "hell mouth" -written inscription..."may this frighten those..." -seams camouflaged -extenuation of figures and emphasis on pattern (=Romanesque)
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campanile
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freestanding bell tower, common in Italy
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Madonna
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representation of the Virgin, usually with the infant Jesus
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lux nova
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("new light") the colored light that pours in through stained glass windows
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rose window
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a circular stained-glass window
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lancet window
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a tall, narrow window crowned by a sharply pointed arch
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tracery
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ornamental stonework for holding stained glass in place
