question

Ethnography is

answer

the firsthand, personal study of local setting

question

Anthropology's comparative perspective focuses on both cultural and biological elements. This

answer

allows the inclusion of biological and cultural approaches to comment or solve a particular issue or problem

question

Although rap music started in the US, it is now popular all over the world. Which of the following mechanisms of cultural change is responsible for this?

answer

Diffusion

question

Ethnology is

answer

the comparative, generalizing aspect of cultural anthropology

question

Indigenous people can do nothing to counter threats to their cultural identity, autonomy, and livelihood posed by globalization. T/F

answer

False

question

According to anthropologists, cultures eventually become fixed and stop changing. T/F

answer

False

question

President Obama's mother was a(n)

answer

cultural and applied anthropologist

question

How are cultural rights different from human rights?

answer

Cultural rights are vested in groups, not individuals

question

Which of the following statements about cultural relativism is not true?

answer

Cultural relativism argues that come cultures are relatively better than others.

question

What is the term for cultural change that results when two or more cultures have continuous first hand contact?

answer

Acculturation

question

Which of the following is not a distinctive feature of four field anthropology?

answer

It has as exclusive focus on contemporary cultures

question

Biological anthropologists study all the following except

answer

ancient languages

question

Which of the statements about anthropology is not true?

answer

Anthropology's biological approach entails finding evolutionary explanations for all human behaviors

question

What distinction does Kottak draw between culture and society?

answer

People share society-organized life in groups- with other animals but culture is distinctively human

question

The use of anthropological findings, concepts, and methods to accomplish a desired end is known as

answer

applied anthropology

question

The study of past human behavior is called

answer

archeology

question

Cultural relativism is a core value of American society. T/F

answer

False

question

Which of the following is not one of the ways in which individuals learn culture?

answer

Genetic transfusion

question

Which of the following statements about culture is not true?

answer

Human groups differ in their capacities for culture

question

Anthropologists use the term society to refer to customs and traditions passed from generation through learning. T/F

answer

False

question

The process by which children learn culture is known as

answer

enculturation

question

Cultural relativists believe that a culture should be judged only according to the standards and traditions of that culture and not according to standards of other cultural traditions. T/F

answer

True

question

Anthropology is a holistic discipline in that it

answer

practice theory

question

An anthropologist is studying ethnic-religious conflict in contemporary Sri Lanka. She or he is most likely a(n)

answer

...

question

Anthropologists study only non-western cultures. T/F

answer

False

question

Enculturation refers to the process through which children learn culture. T/F

answer

True

question

The Internet has hindered the process of globalization

answer

False

question

Only people living in the industrialized, capitalist countries of western Europe and the US are ethnocentric

answer

False

question

Linguistic anthropologists study how languages vary in time and space, and how language and culture influence each other T/F

answer

True

question

The American Association's Code of Ethics is

answer

designed to ensure that all anthropologists are aware of their obligations to the field of anthropology, the host communities that all them to conduct their research, and to society in general

question

In order to conduct research among a group of people, the anthropologist must

answer

inform the people about the purpose, nature, and procedures of the research and its potential costs and benefits to them

question

The view that American Thanksgiving Day represents a postharvet festival like many other societies hold is

answer

the etic view

question

When studying a culture today, anthropologists

answer

must consider culture contact, external organizations, and power differentials and how they affect cultures

question

Taking part in events one is witnessing and describing is known as

answer

participant observation

question

Which of the following is not a characteristic field technique used by ethnographers?

answer

Telephone questionnaires

question

In survey research, what is sampling?

answer

The collection of a representative sample of a larger population

question

The key cultural consultant provides the etic view of a culture T/F

answer

False

question

In primate evolution, which of the following occurs?

answer

None of the above

question

One of the primate characteristics we studied in class was related to locomotion. Which of the following is/are true?

answer

The foramen magnum is located in a more centralized location if the primate is bipedal

question

As we discussed in class, the reduced number of primate offspring born at one time means

answer

All except D

question

Dominance, as is found among all primates, serve as a meaning to

answer

establish territorial boundaries

question

An objective statement uses quantitative data. T/F

answer

True

question

A creation mythology may describe the way a people understand where they came from but anthropologists do not consider it to be a valid rendering of the people's past T/F

answer

False

question

What term refers to the minimal sound contrasts that distinguish meaning in a language?

answer

Phonemes

question

Which statement about nonhuman primate calls is not true?

answer

Calls demonstrate linguistic productivity

question

The study of communication through body movements, stances, gestures, and expressions is called

answer

Kinesics

question

What term refers to the arrangement and order of words in phrases and sentences?

answer

Syntax

question

Linguistic displacement is

answer

the ability to talk about things that are not present

question

What do sociolinguistics study?

answer

Speech in its social context

question

Which of the following statements best describes the use of language by apes?

answer

Apes can learn American Sign Language and have shown the capacity for cultural transmission, productivity, and displacement, although there is still a gap between human and other ape language capabilities.

question

The study of sounds used in speech is known as

answer

phonology

question

All human nonverbal communication is instinctive and thus not influenced by culture. T/F

answer

False

question

Historical linguistics deals with

answer

long term change

question

Which of the following is a characteristic shared by most present-day foragers?

answer

They live in marginal environments

question

All humans were foragers until approx

answer

10,000 years ago

question

What term refers to the type of pastoral economy in which the entire group moves with the animals throughout the year?

answer

Nomadism

question

If rights to land are passed on through descent groups, what type of adaptive strategy is most likely?

answer

Nonindustrial food producing

question

Which of the following is associated with horticultural systems of cultivation?

answer

Slash and burn techniques

question

Most modern foragers live in remote areas, completely cut off from other modern, agricultural, and industrial societies T/F

answer

False

question

How do chiefdoms differ from states?

answer

Chiefdoms lack socioeconomic stratification and stratum endogamy

question

Dari believe that more than one father is in the best interest of the child. Their reasons include

answer

Both A and B

question

Which of the following was not traditionally used by the Inuit to handle disputes?

answer

Courts of law

question

In band societies, what typically determines the amount of respect or status that an individual enjoys?

answer

Culturally valued personal attributes

question

What is a big man?

answer

A person of influence and prestige

question

What term do social scientists use to refer to the socially approved use of power?

answer

Authority

question

What is the basis of political organization in states?

answer

Monopoly of force by a central authority

question

A caste system is characterized by all the following except

answer

upward or downward change in a person's social system

question

Which of the following does not describe the situation of the Yanomami?

answer

The Yanomami are isolated from missionaries and the Venezuelan government and are self-sufficient

question

In order for a class system to be open, it must facilitate

answer

vertical mobility

question

According to Weber, what is the base of social status?

answer

Prestige

question

What is the name of the postmaritial residence pattern in which a married couple is expected to live in the husband's community?

answer

Patrilocality

question

Which of the following statements about the incest taboo is true?

answer

The incest taboo does not eliminate incest

question

Kottak argues that relatively high incidence of expanded family households among poor North Americans is

answer

an adaptation to poverty

question

In matrilineal societies

answer

Descent groups include only the children of the group's women

question

Rules of endogamy

answer

tend to maintain social distinctions between groups

question

The gift that a wife's group gives to her husband's family is known as a

answer

dowry

question

What is polygyny?

answer

A situation where a man has more than one wife at a time

question

Why is polygyny a problem in Turkey?

answer

Second wives are not protected by law as their marriages are not legal

question

Which of the following statements about polyandry is true?

answer

It is a cultural adaptation to mobility associated with travel for trade, commence, and warfare.

question

Although the nuclear family is found in many societies around the world, it is not cultural universal T/F

answer

True

question

Which of the following is not culturally constructed?

answer

Sex

question

Biological differences between male and females, other than contrasts in breasts and genitals, is known as

answer

sexual dimorphism

question

In which of the following statements about sexual orientation is not true?

answer

Sexual orientation is genetically predetermined, and culture plays no role in its expression

question

In which of the following societies would you expect women's status to be highest?

answer

A horticulture society experiencing considerable population pressure

question

According to Kottak, which of the following contributed to the emergence of the American notion that "a women's place is in the home"?

answer

European immigration around 1900

question

Cross cultural studies indicate that

answer

in most societies women tend to be the primary child givers

question

More than half of American households with incomes below the poverty line

answer

are headed by women

question

A political system ruled by men in which women have inferior status is known as a

answer

patriarchy

question

The fact that chimpanzees and other nonhuman primates engage in masturbation and same sex activity suggests that

answer

flexibility in sexual expression is part of humans primate heritage

question

What is the current trend in India?

answer

Women are working and living independently longer before marriage

question

Polytheism refers to

answer

belief in multiple gods

question

Rites of passage usually consist of what phases?

answer

Separation, liminality, and incorporation

question

Induction into the US Marine Corp and the Native American vision quest are examples of

answer

Rites of passage

question

Witchcraft accusations are often aimed at

answer

socially marginal people

question

What is communitas?

answer

A feeling of great social solidarity, equality and togetherness

question

Which of the following statements about religions is not true?

answer

Religion serves only to maintain social solidarity; it does not create or maintain social divisions

question

What kind of religion is most frequently found among foraging bands?

answer

Shamanic

question

Religion is a cultural generality- that is, it is found in most, but not all, societies. T/F

answer

False

question

Religion can be a powerful means of controlling society. T/F

answer

True

question

Belief in mana or manalike forces is a primitive form of religion found only among tribal societies T/F

answer

False

question

What fueled the European "Age of Discovery"?

answer

European commercial interest in exotic raw material

question

Which of the following statements about world-system theory is not true?

answer

It deals exclusively with the non-western, horticulture societies

question

What are the three positions that nations occupy in the world system?

answer

Core, periphery, and semiperiphery

question

Which is not generally true of core nations?

answer

They have less control over world finance than do semi periphery nations

question

Peripheral nations

answer

have complex economies

question

According to Marx, who are the bourgeoisie and the proletoriat?

answer

Distinct and opposed social classes in the capitalist economy

question

According to Marx, class consciousness results from

answer

people's identification with groups based on common economic interests

question

Which of the following statements about the world system is not true?

answer

It depends on each nation producing all that is needed by its own population

question

Which of the following is not true of 20th century industrialization?

answer

It had tremendously beneficial effects on the economies, ecologies, and populations of "developing" nations

question

The political, social, economic, and cultural dominance of a territory and its people lay a foreign power for an extended period of time is known as

answer

colonialism

question

The term indigenous peoples is used to refer to

answer

the original inhabitants of particular territories

question

What term refers to the view that cultural diversity is something good and desirable?

answer

Multiculturalism

question

What is the fastest growing ethnic group in the US?

answer

Hispanics

question

What is the term for policies and practices that harm a group and its members?

answer

Discrimination

question

What term refers to devaluing a group because of its assumed behavior, values, abilities, or attributes?

answer

Prejudice

question

Which of the following is a major difference between Brazilian and American racial classifications?

answer

In the US, social race is determined at birth and does not change, but in Brazil, racial identification can change from day to day

question

An examination of racial classifications around the world indicates that

answer

the classification of racial types is an arbitrary, culturally specific process

question

"Race" is

answer

culturally constructed

question

Which of the following about ethnicity is not true?

answer

Unlike race, ethnicity derives from biological difference among human groups

question

Today scholars in many fields argue that "race" as it is understood in the US was a social mechanism to those populations brought together in colonial America, to include

answer

All of the above

question

Historical research has shown that the idea of race has always carried more meanings than mere physical differences T/F

answer

True

question

What term refers to changes that result when groups come into continuous firsthand contact?

answer

Acculturation

question

The deliberate physical extinction of a group is known as

answer

genocide

question

Westernization has often been described as a form of what kind of cultural change?

answer

Acculturation

question

Which of the following statements about television is true?

answer

It can enhance national cultural identity by diffusing the cultures within their own borders

question

What term refers to the rapid spread or advance of one culture at the expense of other cultures?

answer

Cultural imperialism

question

Which of the following is one of the proofs given by scientists that the climate change is human driven?

answer

The rise in CO2 in the atmosphere has correlated with the rise in surface temperatures

question

Which is the term that many scientists prefer instead of global warming to describe changes in the environment?

answer

Climate change

question

What does Kottak say is the greatest obstacle to slowing climate change?

answer

Meeting energy needs

question

What is the natural phenomenon that keeps the Earth's surface warm?

answer

Greenhouse effect

question

Native Australians relate to the movie Rambo because

answer

Native Australians see tribal ties and kin links between Rambo and the prisoners he was freeing

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