Test Answers on Anthro Exam 2 – Flashcards

According to a study by the United Nations, what percentage of the worlds population lives in poverty?

According to Marxist theory, which of the following is the capitalist class that controls the means of production?

According to the Gini index, the economic gap between rich and poor nations is

according to the text, increased participation in global economy means that many woman who migrate from the global south find work as:

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, in 2009, how many U.S. children lived in poverty?

According to your chapter, what percentage of college students in a 2006 college survey would define oral sex as “having sex” with someone?

Alfred Kinsey posited which of the following about human sexual behavior? Select all that apply.

All human beings of every “race” share what percentage of their DNA:

all of the women in patty kellys research in brothel in chipas mexico, used the brothel as a way to do all of the following except

Ambilineal descent groups such as Samoans, Maori, and Hawaiians are sometimes referred to as:

Among the Etoro of Papua New Guinea, males have almost exclusive access to power, wealth, and resources over females. This is an example of which of the following terms?

An analytic framework for assessing how factors such as race, gender, and class interact to shape individual life chances and societal patterns of stratification” is best known as which of the following

anthropologist Oscar Lewis’s concept of the culture of poverty argues that poverty is the result of

Anthropologists and geological scholars today believe earth to be approximately:

Anthropologists define the concept of ethnicity as

Anthropologists trace the roots of which of the following patterns of social stratification to the rise of intensive agriculture and populous market towns?

Anthropologists use to term “affinal relationships” to refer to kinship relationships created by

Anthropologists view ethnicity as

Approximately what percentage of humans is born with biological traits not exactly associated with either male or female?

are key cultural institutions through which we learn what it means to be heterosexual

Around 15,000 yBP, modern Homo sapiens had left Asia and migrated to:

As a ritual ceremony, the potlatch serves to establish social status not by wealth and power but by the prestige earned via a person’s capacity for which of the following?

Barbara Ehrenreich has suggested that the primary resource extracted from the worlds poorer nations today is which of the following

belief that whites are biologically different from and intellectually superior to people of other races is referred to as:

Bourdieu noticed that, in educational systems, “social and class relations of prestige or lack of prestige are passed from one generation to the next.” Which of the following terms best defines this phenomenon?

By collecting kinship data from cultures worldwide, early anthropologists
found that:

By studying the “fag discourse” in US schools, anthropologists have learned that:

Changing patterns over time demonstrate that marriage, family, and kinship are
cultural:

Clans that do not permit marriages within the group are considered:

closed system of stratification in a society is known as which of the following?

Coffee, chocolate, cinnamon, wheat, indio, rosy, faded, blond, fair, dark, and ashen are racial classifications found in:

combined vast array of cross-cultural research about human sexuality is referred to in your chapter as the __________ of human sexuality

Complex innovations that allow humans to cope with the environment are called:

concept of ethnic boundary markers refers to

conception of the nuclear family as the idealized kinship structure in American culture came to prominence

Croat attempts to remove Muslim individuals from a village in the former Yugoslavia (now central Bosnia) are an example of which of the following terms

deliberate and systematic destruction of an ethnic or religious group” without regard to specific geographic location is best known as which of the following:

discussion of machismo in latin america indicates that

Discussions regarding same-sex marriage in the United States are a clear example of changing patterns of:

Domestic violence refers to

During the 2010 World Cup, the Boateng brothers played for different nations, despite having both grown up in Germany. What does this suggest about nationality?

early feminist anthropological studies focused on identifying

economic forces of globalization have

Egalitarian societies depend on sharing which of the following in order to ensure group success?

Enculturation that takes place within a family shapes individuals’ lives:

ethnic conflict that led to genocide in Rwanda was set in motion by decades of colonial rule by which nation?

European colonial administrations outlawed marriage between Europeans and indigenous populations in order to

extreme stratification in todays world is a fairly recent development in human history.” Anthropologists see the development of which of the following as primarily responsible for this fundamental transition away from egalitarianism?

oldest known stone tool industry is called

first controlled use of fire was likely achieved by

Modern homo sapiens appear as early as

Physical anthropologists adhere to which of the following theories of human origin:

Types of evidence that are used to help us learn about the origins of humanity are:

theory of evolution refers to the idea that:

Scientists use the term theory to refer to an:

In 1926, john scopes, a high school teacher was fined 100$ for:

Which of the following absorbs ultraviolet radiation as a natural sunscreen?

Ultraviolet radiation can cause which of the following?

group of related organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile, viable offspring are called a:

Gene migration is defined as:

Scientists who study fossil remains of our early human ancestors are called:

Is the racial classification system found in the United States universal to all cultures

Racial classes are:

Institutional racism is defined by:

In the 1954 court case Brown v. Board of Education, the United States Supreme Court ruled that

Racial ideologies that establish one race as better than another are the result of:

system of economic, military, and political control of one country over another is referred to as:

pseudoscience attempting to scientifically prove the existence of separate human races to improve the population’s genetic composition by favoring some races over others is known as:

set of popular ideas about race that allows the discriminatory behaviors of individuals and institutions to seem reasonable, rational, and normal is referred to as:

What is another name for the “one drop rule” that is used for determining race:

What rule assigns the children of racially “mixed” unions to the subordinate group:

Why does Benedict Anderson refer to nations as “imagined” communities:

What influences have inspired the development of national identities:

Which of the following terms is defined as “a sense of historical, cultural, and sometimes ancestral connection to a group of people who are imagined to be distinct from those outside the group:

process by which “minorities adopt the patterns and norms of the dominant culture and eventually cease to exist as separate groups” is known as which of the following:

Which of the following is referred to in the chapter as a “ninety-minute nation”:

Which of the following terms is defined as “a sense of historical, cultural, and sometimes ancestral connection to a group of people who are imagined to be distinct from those outside the group:

it is unlikely that you will ever meet each and every member of your home nation. At the same time, you believe yourself to hold certain beliefs and ideas in common with these individuals, as citizens of the nation. Which of the following terms best defines this concept:

in discussing challenges associated with building a sense of nationhood, your chapter presents the question “Are there any Iraqis in Iraq?” What contemporary reality is the source of this question:

story told about the founding and history of a particular group to reinforce a common sense of identity” is known as which of the following:

practice or belief, such as food, clothing, language, shared name, or religion, used to signify who is in a group and who is not” is known as which of the following:

group of former slaves settled sea islands off the Georgia coast beginning in the 1700s. Today, this group is known as the Gullah, and it has its own unique language and culture. Which term would best describe the creation of this new cultural group:

Which of the following is an example of groupism?

Professional golfer Tiger Woods has parents from two different ethnic groups ? African American and Asian American. He has been criticized in the past for identifying with both of these groups at different times. Anthropologically, we see this behavior not as reason for critique, but rather an example of which of the following terms?

process by which “minorities adopt the patterns and norms of the dominant culture and eventually cease to exist as separate groups” is known as which of the following terms?

historical term meant to belittle and vilify “mixed” marriages is:

Individual thoughts and actions and institutional patterns and policies that create unequal access to power, resources, and opportunities based on imagined differences among groups are referred to as:

What is described in the text as “an invisible package of unearned assets” that are the legacy of generations of racial discrimination?

way people actually look is the result of their genetic traits and the environment they live in. This is known as their:

What is another name for the “one drop rule” that is used for determining race?

Which term refers to laws implemented after the US Civil War to legally enforce segregation, particularly in the South, after the end of slavery?

process that preserves an organism through a chemical process that turns it partially or wholly into rock is called:

group of people who share an idea of cultural and ancestral connection and who see themselves as distinct from people in other groups is described as an

How long has the Iraqi ethnicity existed in the Middle East?

process though which new immigrants and their children enculturate into the dominant national culture but retain a distinct ethnic culture is referred to as:

What term was used in the past to describe a group of people but now refers to a country?

invented sense of connection and shared traditions that underlies identification with a particular ethnic group or nation whose members likely will never meet refers to the concept of:

term “gender” refers to the

Which of the following can be considered examples of performing gender?

Landers and Fines study of a coed T-ball league found that boys and girls

Globally, what percentage of children who are unable to attend school are girls

When the anthropologist Annette Weiner revisited Bronislaw Malinowskis research on the Trobriand Islands, she found that Malinowski had

Man the Hunter, Woman the Gatherer narrative presents

Research into the cultural construction of masculinity and femininity across cultures as flexible, complex, and historically and culturally constructed categories.” is known as which of the following?

Which of the following terms best describes “the observable physical differences between male and female human beings, especially the biological differences related to human reproduction”?

Sex is to biology as __________ is to culture.

Human males are, on average, stronger than human females. Human females, on average, live longer than human males. These are all examples of what?

Individuals who have some combination of male and female genitalia, gonads, and chromosomes” are known as which of the following

Individuals whose gender identities or performances do not fit with cultural norms related to their assigned sex at birth” are known as which of the following

Which of the following is used by students in U.S. high schools to establish and guard constructions of masculinity, according to C.J. Pascoe

Which of the following terms has been defined by Michel Foucault as “the disciplining of the body through control of biological sex characteristics to meet cultural needs for clear distinctions between the sexes”?

Transgendered individuals are common in many Native American groups. Which of the following terms is most appropriately used today to describe such individuals

What percentage of the worlds poorest people are women and girls?

True or false? Males are the universally dominant gender in human societies.

Henry believes that women are poorly suited to athletic activities, and should do all of the cooking and cleaning around the home. Aside from being seen as particularly boorish by contemporary American cultural standards, Henry?s beliefs are an example of which of the following

set of cultural ideas about men and women essential character, capabilities, and value that consciously or unconsciously promote and justify gender stratification” is known as which of the following

This group participated in movements for greater democratization in El Salvador, particularly demanding the inclusion of women at all levels of El Salvadors political decision-making bodies.? They were known as the:

In his studies of human sexual behavior, Alfred Kinsey found that

term transgender is used to refer to people whose

In her study “White Weddings,” Chrys Ingraham argues that the American wedding industry

Governments attempt to intervene in sexuality by

high level of sexual violence on college campuses has caused college administrations to

Sambia “believed that adult males need to supply boys with __________ in order to ensure their development into manhood.”

Ivonne believes that people, events, and the cultural environment around us shape our sexual desires and behaviors. This is the __________ theoretical approach to human sexuality.

Surinamese “women who form intimate spiritual, emotional, and sexual relationships with other women” are known as which of the following?

term “heterosexual” was first used in the United States only in 1892. At that time, what cultural meaning was most commonly assigned to the term, according to Victorian ideals?

scientific study of sexuality that began to emerge in the United States in the late 1800s and continues today is known as which of the following?

Which of the following animals have sex for fun as opposed to exclusively for reproduction?

matrilineal descent pattern traces descent

term “endogamy” refers to a marriage pattern by which one is expected to marry a

Which of the following terms best describes “the system of meaning and power that cultures create to determine who is related to whom and to define their mutual expectations, rights, and responsibilities

Marriages based on love, intimacy, and personal pleasure, as opposed to social obligation, are known as __________

In what percentage of human cultures do we see some form of incest taboo?

In her ethnographic study Families We Choose, Kath Weston demonstrates that kinship networks

recent increase in same-sex marriages in the United States represents

kinship group in which primary relationships are traced through consanguine (blood) relatives” is known as which of the following?

type of descent group that traces genealogical connection through generations by linking persons to a founding ancestor,” with documentation, is best known as which of the following?

type of descent group based on a claim to a founding ancestor but lacking genealogical documentation is best known as which of the following?

kinship relationship established through marriage and/or alliance, not through biology or common descent” is known as which of the following?

Marriages based on love, intimacy, and personal pleasure, as opposed to social obligation, are known as which of the following

Traditionally, Nuer men could be married to more than one woman. Which term best describes this practice?

In certain remote parts of Tibet, one woman will become married to all of the brothers in a particular family. Which term best describes this practice

Which of the following terms refers to marriage to one person (only)?

In the United States, law and custom forbid marriage to certain family members. These laws and customs perpetuate:

gift from the groom and his kin to the brides kin” is best known as which of the following terms?

In India, the compulsory practice of a brides family providing gifts to the grooms family upon marriage was outlawed in 1961, as it led to multiple cases of domestic violence. This practice was best known as which of the following terms?

family you are born into is known as the family of __________. The family people construct when they reach adulthood and acquire a mate is the family of __________.

incest taboo universally prohibits sexual relations:

Which of the following statements about marriage is true?

Which of the following statements about kinship is true?

Families and kinship networks have the power to provide support and to nurture, as well as to ensure reproduction of which of the following?

Which type of assisted reproductive technology involves the implantation of a woman’s egg that has been fertilized in a laboratory?

patrilineal descent group traces kinships through which side of the family?

Which of the following types of marriage consists of one individual married to one other individual only (most commonly one man married to one woman)?

Which of the following builds kinship ties between two people who are not typically immediate biological kin?

Which of the following phenomenon is currently placing stress on kinship systems worldwide?

Individuals in descent groups whose primary relationships are determined in the United States via “blood” relations are generally called which of the following types of relatives?

form of reproductive technology that involves the creation of genetically identical copies of cells or whole organisms is called:

Which of the following terms is defined as the system of meaning and power that cultures create to determine who is related to whom and to define their mutual expectations, rights, and responsibilities?

Uneven economic development among nations around the world is

Which of the following terms best describes “a system of power based on wealth, income, and status that creates an unequal distribution of the societys resources

tribal chief collects a portion of each familys crop production each year, then shares that food with everyone via large feast celebrations. Which of the following terms best defines this practice

In 1967, the top 5 percent of American households received 16.3 percent of all income earned in the United States that year. What percentage of all U.S. earned income did the top 5 percent of American households receive in 2011

Today, what percentage of the worlds population lives in poverty (defined by the United Nations as income of less than $2 per day)?

Hunter-gatherer societies typically survive through “the sharing of resources to ensure success with a relative absence of hierarchy and violence.” Which of the following terms best describes this type of society

Ju/Hoansi of Namibia and Botswana place great value on the sharing of resources and responsibilities between group members. For instance, one successfully hunted animal will be divided among everyone in the community. Which of the following terms best defines this system?

group in which wealth is not stratified but prestige and status are” is best defined as which of the following terms?

Which of the following income ranges represents the middle 20 percent of American household incomes in 2011?

Theories that link ongoing poverty to the personal failings of the individual, family, or community are referred to as which of the following?

Which of the following is defined as the act of gift giving within a ranked society that serves as a form of sharing accumulated wealth and enhancing the chief’s prestige?

Theorist Max Weber argued that analyzing emerging structures of stratification required an examination of which of the following?

income gaps between the highest earners and the lowest earners in the United States have

Working-class people who lacked land to grow their own food, tools to make their own products, and capital to build workshops and therefore had to sell their labor were considered which of the following classes of people, according to Karl Marx?

Which of the following is another key to the social reproduction of class and was defined by Bourdieu as the knowledge, habits, and tastes learned from parents and family that people use to gain access to scarce and valuable resources in society?

movement of one’s class position-whether upward or downward-in stratified societies is called:

Hunger reflects growing global inequality and is a result of:

Karl Marx argued that the proletariat were unable to develop a political awareness of their class position because:

Which of the following is a system of power based on wealth, income, and status that creates an unequal distribution of a society’s resources?

Which of the following is a type of status that is established and changeable during a person’s lifetime?

Which of the following statements is true?

In the United States, an individual’s life chances are:

Which of the following terms best describes “a system of power based on wealth, income, and status that creates an unequal distribution of the society’s resources”?

Hunter-gatherer societies typically survive through “the sharing of resources to ensure success with a relative absence of hierarchy and violence.” Which of the following terms best describes this type of society?

group in which wealth is not stratified but prestige and status are” is best defined as which of the following terms?

Ida Sussers initial research focused on:

improved conditions across the globe indicate that the Millenial goal of achieving gender equality:

Matthew Guttmans research in mexico indicates that:

Ida Sussers approach to research on HIV prevention in south africa exemplifies:

which of the following is not considered a secondary sex characteristic

under the rules of machismo, the machista is considered

mati may engage in sexual relationships with

women who imitate spiritual, emotional, and sexual relationships with other woman are called:

which of the following statements about the mati of suriname is true?

heterosexuality in the US

the lives of european woman living in colonies were restricted in all except which of the following gender specific ways?

restudy of women’s role in the Trobriand Island exchanges indicated that:

The process through which a sense of gender becomes normative and seems
natural is called:

Gender ideology is defined as:

In Kano, Nigeria, Rudolf Gaudio found that the code term for men who have sex
with other men is:

wedding industry is which of the following?

Similar to membership in a family, citizenship in a nation-state derives mostly
from:

Which of the following types of descent groups traces kinship through both the
mother and the father?

Which type of marriage between two individuals is negotiated in order to form economic and political alliances between larger kinship groups?

gift exchange practice that helps stabilize a marriage by establishing a vested interest for both the groom’s and bride’s extended families in the success of the marriage.

Which of the following cultures has generally NOT constructed large social networks based on descent and kinship connections?

Max Weber referred to the opportunities that individuals have to improve their quality of life and realize their life goals as:

Pierre Bourdieu worked to understand the relationship between class, culture, and power by examining which of the following phenomenon in schools?

Leith Mullings argues that class cannot be studied in isolation but rather must be considered together with race and gender as interlocking systems of:

Theorist Pierre Bourdieu found that which of the following systems did not provide opportunities for social class mobility, but instead helped reproduce the
social class relations that already existed?

Since the mid-1970s, class inequality in the United States has:

marginalized group outside of India’s primary castes who are typically assigned the most spiritually polluting work and are deemed “untouchable” by the
general population are the:

Hunger reflects growing global inequality and is a result of:

Which of the following members of a ranked society do not accumulate great
wealth, despite their high prestige?

famous redistribution ceremony that is commonly practiced among Native American groups such as the Kwakiutl of the Pacific Northwest is called:

Which of the following statements is true?

Which of the following statements is true?

Which of the following does not factor into biological differences between men and women?

On average, human men weigh

Studies on women’s participation in the industrialized labor force
indicate that

Harvard-trained biologist and zoologist Alfred Kinsey’s study on human sexuality revealed which of the following?

Margaret Mead’s work in the islands of the western Pacific contributed which of the following to a greater understanding of human sexuality?

Which of the following is NOT a motivation that cultural anthropologist Denise Brennan lists for young, rural, poor Dominican women to migrate to towns like Sosua?

Sex tourists in the Dominican Republic are typically:

First cousin marriages (between the children of two siblings) are legally prohibited in

Which of the following consists of wages earned from workplus dividends and interest on investments along with rents and royalties?

Which of the following is a pattern of relationship in which group
members equally share resources and responsibilities over time
based on mutual exchange?

Which of the following statements is true?

Social patterns entrenched in hierarchy and stratification have emerged:

Kinship includes: