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Anthro ex 2 – Flashcards

Sabrina Peterson

7 July 2022

question

Cultural anthropologists do research by

answer

building trusting relationships with people over a long period of time

question

Which of the following is the term defining the method of the discipline of cultural anthropology?

answer

fieldwork

question

fieldwork involves

answer

all of the above

question

The people anthropologists gather data from are called

answer

informants

question

The comparative method

answer

uses data from many different societies

question

Multisited ethnography is an example of which method?

answer

comparative method

question

Which method is important for understanding past social insitutions and how they change?

answer

life histories

question

Research committed to making social change and improving the lives of marginalized people is

answer

action anthropology

question

An important ethical concern for anthropologists is to

answer

protect their informants

question

A rapid appraisal is when anthropologists drop into a community into a community for just a few weeks to collect data. Bruce Knauft did this during his ____ trip to Gebusi.

answer

Third

question

In order to study culture one must travel to distant, far off places

answer

False

question

Anthropologists of the 1880s are referred to as "armchair anthropologists" because they never traveled abroad and they gather data from other peoples reports

answer

True

question

Anthropologists do no consider unstructured, casual conversations data

answer

false

question

In which of the following locations would you find an anthropologist doing fieldwork?

answer

all of the above

question

a word that best describes participant observation is

answer

unstructured

question

This type of interaction may include playing basketball, cooking, dining, or having coffee with informants

answer

participant observation

question

A central technique involved in an informal, open-ended interview is to

answer

allow questions to emerge in the course of the interview

question

Using life history interviews, researchers are able to

answer

understand how a person's age affects his or her role in the community

question

An important element required for successful "rapid appraisal" data collection is

answer

good general knowledge of the area/topic being studied

question

What is the type of information written in field notes

answer

all of the above

question

When anthropologists go into the field

answer

all of the above

question

Anthropologists believe that the "native point of view" is better than their own

answer

false

question

Anthropology is different from journalism because journalists' data are protected by law

answer

True

question

If you wanted to have consistent responses, what kind of interview would you use?

answer

survey

question

If you studied sex workers in your city as Phillippe Bourgois studied crack dealers in New York City, you might find that

answer

maintaining confidentiality is an ongoing challenge

question

An anthropologist who practices participatory-action research would most likely use this method in

answer

a study of a low-income neighborhood where a toxic waste dump is located

question

Which project would be best suited to parachute ethnography?

answer

a study of community response to a disaster

question

Which of the following are areas of social activity that globalization affects?

answer

all of the above

question

Rapid increases in the scale and amount of communication

answer

mean that people in remote places can be in contact with people all over the world

question

Financial globalization has allowed for

answer

corporations to move factories from one country to another

question

Eric Wolf encouraged anthropologists to consider what in their field studies?

answer

history

question

The major goal of "development" is

answer

all of the above

question

Development anthropologists often think of themselves as

answer

advocates of poor and marginalized people

question

James Ferguson, who is an anthropologist with experience in development, argues that development exists

answer

to expand state power

question

The theory that explains why cultural differences have not disappeared because cultural consciousness is increasingly bringing people together around cultural similarities is called

answer

clash of civilizations theory

question

People participate in globalization by

answer

all of the above

question

____ are people who leave their homes to work for a time in other regions or countries

answer

migrants

question

World systems theory helped anthropologise

answer

all of the above

question

A key feature of financial globalization is

answer

the reduction or elimination of tariffs to promote trade

question

The research that anthropologist Karen Tranberg Hansen has done on secondhand clothing in Zambia is interesting because

answer

it highlights how people impose local meanings on objects

question

Promoters of globalization highlight which of the following

answer

the more open a country is to foreign trade, the better the economy will be by standard measures

question

The recent rise of autonomy movements among Hawaiian separatists and Zapatistas in Mexico are examples of

answer

localization

question

The most important goal of the Congolese sapeur is to

answer

accumulate prestige

question

A central feature of cultural convergence theories is that

answer

they explain the apparent decline of cultural diversity

question

Which of the following best describe the methodology of multisited ethnography

answer

comparative

question

Which of the following is NOT true about hybridization theories

answer

it explains why conflict is growing in the world

question

A world systems theory is important for all of the following reasons except

answer

it lends itself readily to ethnographic methodology

question

A multisited ethnographer studying Mexican migrants in the United States would most likely to conduct fieldwork

answer

all of the above

question

If a development anthropologist were to get involved in a project in your city that is revitalizing a poor neighborhood, she or he would probably emphasize

answer

the overarching importance of listening to the priorities of the neighbors

question

A believer in cultural imperialism would explain that people who watch American TV in remote places like a Walpiri camp in the Austrailian outback are

answer

being subjected to alien culture influences

question

World systems theory would be most suited to which of the following research projects?

answer

a historical study of indigenous resistance to colonialism

question

The processes of capital accumulation and the expansion of European colonialism disrupted many socities

answer

True

question

People in the periphery responded passively to capitalist expansion

answer

False

question

Localization is the flip side of globalization

answer

True

question

The authors think that cultural diversity persists in the world because cultures have been isolated from each other for so long but that diversity is bound to disappear as cultures intermingle more

answer

False

question

A key marker of development anthropology's success is when local perspectives and voices are paid attention to in development projects

answer

True

question

Globalization and localization are complementary dynamics.

answer

True

question

Anthropologist study food holistically, which means that they focus on

answer

all of the above

question

The human diet is

answer

omnivorous

question

A key component of nutritional anthropology as defined by Audrey Richards was attention to

answer

the interrelationship between biology, health, ecology, political-economic, and cultural concerns

question

Anthropologist Sidney Mintz observes that most people around the world usually

answer

eat a common patterned diet of core-legume-fringe foods

question

Why is meat eating important for human evolution

answer

it provides high-quality protein for human brain development

question

Eating practices mark

answer

all of the above

question

Foodways are dynamic because

answer

all of the above

question

Which mode of subsistence includes the search for edible things?

answer

foraging

question

Food security refers to

answer

access to sufficient nutritious food to be healthy and active

question

"foodways" describes a perspective that approaches food as

answer

all of the above

question

Intensification, a process that increases yields, includes

answer

all of the above

question

Why do foragers turn to agriculture?

answer

increased population density causes too much competition for resources

question

It is unusual for human adults to be able to digest milk

answer

True

question

There are more undernourished people than obese and overweight people in the world

answer

False

question

In many parts of the world food is a very important way of communicating social identity

answer

True

question

The principles of agroecology are at the heart of industrial agriculture

answer

True

question

What pivotal evolutionary shift happened around 1.8 to 2 million years ago that is closely related to human foodways?

answer

meat consumption increased

question

There has been a reduction of maize varieties in Mexico. What is the primary reason for it?

answer

Mexican agricultural policies favored cheap imports from the US

question

Anthropologists are interested in the nutrition transition because

answer

it explains widespread changes in bodily form, eating patterns, and everyday life in urban settings

question

Which of the following is NOT true of how food preferences relate to gender?

answer

men always love meat, not matter which culture they are from

question

Why was symbolic anthropologist Mary Douglas so interested in Jewish dietary laws?

answer

because they were a way to communicate symbolic piety

question

One of anthropology's insights about foraging mode of subsistence is that

answer

foraging people have a cultural view of their environment as giving

question

For anthropologists, what is important about the existence of differences between populations in the ability to digest milk?

answer

all of the above

question

Long term damage to soil quality is typical of

answer

intensification

question

A nutritional anthropologist who studies the nutrition transition would probably focus on all of the following except

answer

the labor conditions of migrant workers

question

A foodways perspective on human evolution would emphasize

answer

the changes in human dietary physiology are intertwined with how people grow, share, and eat food

question

A cultural relativist would most likely to emphasize that pastoralist

answer

have developed effective social institutions and knowledge that ensure long-term sustainability of the landscape

question

Which of the following would be UNLIKELY as a explanation given by a cultural anthropologist for the existence of food insecurity among the poor?

answer

its related to the ignorance of the poor to effectively feed themselves

question

What do environmental anthropologist study?

answer

all of the above

question

According to Itzaj beliefs

answer

humans and nature exist in the same realm

question

What relationship between nature and human does Western thought emphasize?

answer

oppositional

question

The concept that people have learned images, knowledge, and concepts of the physical landscape that affect how they will actually interact with it is called

answer

cultural landscape

question

Traditional ecological knowledge is not well known in the West because

answer

all of the above

question

Which part of the Zapotec agricultural system does not correspond well to Western ecological understandings?

answer

the idea that maize has a soul

question

Why do environmental anthropologists study formal nature protection?

answer

it often generates social conflicts

question

The perception that the North American continent was an unpeopled wilderness during the early period of European settlement when British settlers arrived is an example of an

answer

artifactual landscape

question

The Maasai people of Kenya and Tanzania practice

answer

transhumant pastoralism

question

What is "fortress conservation"

answer

an approach to conservation that assumes that people are threatening to nature

question

A social movement that addresses the linkages between racial discrimination and injustice, social equity, and environmental equality is

answer

environmental justice

question

Analyses that focus on the linkages between political-economic power, social inequality, and ecological destruction are typical of which approach

answer

political ecology

question

Contemporary ecological science supports the idea that human cultural behaviors are solely shaped by the environment

answer

false

question

All knowledge systems about nature, including science, are culturally based

answer

true

question

An ecological footprint is a measurement of the population an area can support

answer

false

question

It has been proven that overpopulation will inevitably lead to global famine

answer

false

question

Famines are often caused by not environmental factors but social factors like inequality

answer

true

question

One of the primary reasons indigenous leaders criticize the dominant models for administering protected environmental area is

answer

they assume nature must be uninhabited by people

question

Sustainable development for indigenous people involves which of the following elements?

answer

all of the above

question

Which of the following is a key argument of ethnobiologist Brent Berlin, who compared human classification systems?

answer

all human classification systems are reflective of an underlying cognitive structure of the human brain that organizes information in systematic ways

question

The enclosure movement is important to understanding Western conservation approaches because

answer

all of the above

question

How did Americans aim to showcase their "civilization" after the civil war?

answer

establishing formally protected areas

question

Europeans colonial regimes commonly instituted controls on native peoples use of natural resoures

answer

to eliminate native competition against the european businesses exploiting raw materials in the colonies

question

Which of the following reasons explains why a collaborative approach to conversation can be so challenging

answer

scientist and conversationists are often skeptical of indigenous knowledge claims

question

Why is Fairhead and Leachs study about landscape change in Guinea important

answer

it shows why forests can increase because of human population growth and cultivaltion

question

Which of the following methods allowed fairhead and leach to make their conclusions about landscape change in Guinea

answer

all of the above

question

Consumer capitalism contributes to increasing ecological footprints in industrialized nations because

answer

all of the above

question

Kenyas green belt movement is a good example of

answer

enviromental justice

question

The ecological costs of producing beef in the United States are externalized on the landscape and water resources

answer

true

question

An anthropologist who studies the cultural landscape of Zapotec farmers of southern Mexico would be primarily interested in

answer

the meaning and images they have of nature that shape their farming practice

question

Political ecological perspectives are applicable to all of the following except

answer

the relationship between high birth rates and overfishing

1 of

Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers

question

Cultural anthropologists do research by

answer

building trusting relationships with people over a long period of time

question

Which of the following is the term defining the method of the discipline of cultural anthropology?

answer

fieldwork

question

fieldwork involves

answer

all of the above

question

The people anthropologists gather data from are called

answer

informants

question

The comparative method

answer

uses data from many different societies

question

Multisited ethnography is an example of which method?

answer

comparative method

question

Which method is important for understanding past social insitutions and how they change?

answer

life histories

question

Research committed to making social change and improving the lives of marginalized people is

answer

action anthropology

question

An important ethical concern for anthropologists is to

answer

protect their informants

question

A rapid appraisal is when anthropologists drop into a community into a community for just a few weeks to collect data. Bruce Knauft did this during his ____ trip to Gebusi.

answer

Third

question

In order to study culture one must travel to distant, far off places

answer

False

question

Anthropologists of the 1880s are referred to as "armchair anthropologists" because they never traveled abroad and they gather data from other peoples reports

answer

True

question

Anthropologists do no consider unstructured, casual conversations data

answer

false

question

In which of the following locations would you find an anthropologist doing fieldwork?

answer

all of the above

question

a word that best describes participant observation is

answer

unstructured

question

This type of interaction may include playing basketball, cooking, dining, or having coffee with informants

answer

participant observation

question

A central technique involved in an informal, open-ended interview is to

answer

allow questions to emerge in the course of the interview

question

Using life history interviews, researchers are able to

answer

understand how a person's age affects his or her role in the community

question

An important element required for successful "rapid appraisal" data collection is

answer

good general knowledge of the area/topic being studied

question

What is the type of information written in field notes

answer

all of the above

question

When anthropologists go into the field

answer

all of the above

question

Anthropologists believe that the "native point of view" is better than their own

answer

false

question

Anthropology is different from journalism because journalists' data are protected by law

answer

True

question

If you wanted to have consistent responses, what kind of interview would you use?

answer

survey

question

If you studied sex workers in your city as Phillippe Bourgois studied crack dealers in New York City, you might find that

answer

maintaining confidentiality is an ongoing challenge

question

An anthropologist who practices participatory-action research would most likely use this method in

answer

a study of a low-income neighborhood where a toxic waste dump is located

question

Which project would be best suited to parachute ethnography?

answer

a study of community response to a disaster

question

Which of the following are areas of social activity that globalization affects?

answer

all of the above

question

Rapid increases in the scale and amount of communication

answer

mean that people in remote places can be in contact with people all over the world

question

Financial globalization has allowed for

answer

corporations to move factories from one country to another

question

Eric Wolf encouraged anthropologists to consider what in their field studies?

answer

history

question

The major goal of "development" is

answer

all of the above

question

Development anthropologists often think of themselves as

answer

advocates of poor and marginalized people

question

James Ferguson, who is an anthropologist with experience in development, argues that development exists

answer

to expand state power

question

The theory that explains why cultural differences have not disappeared because cultural consciousness is increasingly bringing people together around cultural similarities is called

answer

clash of civilizations theory

question

People participate in globalization by

answer

all of the above

question

____ are people who leave their homes to work for a time in other regions or countries

answer

migrants

question

World systems theory helped anthropologise

answer

all of the above

question

A key feature of financial globalization is

answer

the reduction or elimination of tariffs to promote trade

question

The research that anthropologist Karen Tranberg Hansen has done on secondhand clothing in Zambia is interesting because

answer

it highlights how people impose local meanings on objects

question

Promoters of globalization highlight which of the following

answer

the more open a country is to foreign trade, the better the economy will be by standard measures

question

The recent rise of autonomy movements among Hawaiian separatists and Zapatistas in Mexico are examples of

answer

localization

question

The most important goal of the Congolese sapeur is to

answer

accumulate prestige

question

A central feature of cultural convergence theories is that

answer

they explain the apparent decline of cultural diversity

question

Which of the following best describe the methodology of multisited ethnography

answer

comparative

question

Which of the following is NOT true about hybridization theories

answer

it explains why conflict is growing in the world

question

A world systems theory is important for all of the following reasons except

answer

it lends itself readily to ethnographic methodology

question

A multisited ethnographer studying Mexican migrants in the United States would most likely to conduct fieldwork

answer

all of the above

question

If a development anthropologist were to get involved in a project in your city that is revitalizing a poor neighborhood, she or he would probably emphasize

answer

the overarching importance of listening to the priorities of the neighbors

question

A believer in cultural imperialism would explain that people who watch American TV in remote places like a Walpiri camp in the Austrailian outback are

answer

being subjected to alien culture influences

question

World systems theory would be most suited to which of the following research projects?

answer

a historical study of indigenous resistance to colonialism

question

The processes of capital accumulation and the expansion of European colonialism disrupted many socities

answer

True

question

People in the periphery responded passively to capitalist expansion

answer

False

question

Localization is the flip side of globalization

answer

True

question

The authors think that cultural diversity persists in the world because cultures have been isolated from each other for so long but that diversity is bound to disappear as cultures intermingle more

answer

False

question

A key marker of development anthropology's success is when local perspectives and voices are paid attention to in development projects

answer

True

question

Globalization and localization are complementary dynamics.

answer

True

question

Anthropologist study food holistically, which means that they focus on

answer

all of the above

question

The human diet is

answer

omnivorous

question

A key component of nutritional anthropology as defined by Audrey Richards was attention to

answer

the interrelationship between biology, health, ecology, political-economic, and cultural concerns

question

Anthropologist Sidney Mintz observes that most people around the world usually

answer

eat a common patterned diet of core-legume-fringe foods

question

Why is meat eating important for human evolution

answer

it provides high-quality protein for human brain development

question

Eating practices mark

answer

all of the above

question

Foodways are dynamic because

answer

all of the above

question

Which mode of subsistence includes the search for edible things?

answer

foraging

question

Food security refers to

answer

access to sufficient nutritious food to be healthy and active

question

"foodways" describes a perspective that approaches food as

answer

all of the above

question

Intensification, a process that increases yields, includes

answer

all of the above

question

Why do foragers turn to agriculture?

answer

increased population density causes too much competition for resources

question

It is unusual for human adults to be able to digest milk

answer

True

question

There are more undernourished people than obese and overweight people in the world

answer

False

question

In many parts of the world food is a very important way of communicating social identity

answer

True

question

The principles of agroecology are at the heart of industrial agriculture

answer

True

question

What pivotal evolutionary shift happened around 1.8 to 2 million years ago that is closely related to human foodways?

answer

meat consumption increased

question

There has been a reduction of maize varieties in Mexico. What is the primary reason for it?

answer

Mexican agricultural policies favored cheap imports from the US

question

Anthropologists are interested in the nutrition transition because

answer

it explains widespread changes in bodily form, eating patterns, and everyday life in urban settings

question

Which of the following is NOT true of how food preferences relate to gender?

answer

men always love meat, not matter which culture they are from

question

Why was symbolic anthropologist Mary Douglas so interested in Jewish dietary laws?

answer

because they were a way to communicate symbolic piety

question

One of anthropology's insights about foraging mode of subsistence is that

answer

foraging people have a cultural view of their environment as giving

question

For anthropologists, what is important about the existence of differences between populations in the ability to digest milk?

answer

all of the above

question

Long term damage to soil quality is typical of

answer

intensification

question

A nutritional anthropologist who studies the nutrition transition would probably focus on all of the following except

answer

the labor conditions of migrant workers

question

A foodways perspective on human evolution would emphasize

answer

the changes in human dietary physiology are intertwined with how people grow, share, and eat food

question

A cultural relativist would most likely to emphasize that pastoralist

answer

have developed effective social institutions and knowledge that ensure long-term sustainability of the landscape

question

Which of the following would be UNLIKELY as a explanation given by a cultural anthropologist for the existence of food insecurity among the poor?

answer

its related to the ignorance of the poor to effectively feed themselves

question

What do environmental anthropologist study?

answer

all of the above

question

According to Itzaj beliefs

answer

humans and nature exist in the same realm

question

What relationship between nature and human does Western thought emphasize?

answer

oppositional

question

The concept that people have learned images, knowledge, and concepts of the physical landscape that affect how they will actually interact with it is called

answer

cultural landscape

question

Traditional ecological knowledge is not well known in the West because

answer

all of the above

question

Which part of the Zapotec agricultural system does not correspond well to Western ecological understandings?

answer

the idea that maize has a soul

question

Why do environmental anthropologists study formal nature protection?

answer

it often generates social conflicts

question

The perception that the North American continent was an unpeopled wilderness during the early period of European settlement when British settlers arrived is an example of an

answer

artifactual landscape

question

The Maasai people of Kenya and Tanzania practice

answer

transhumant pastoralism

question

What is "fortress conservation"

answer

an approach to conservation that assumes that people are threatening to nature

question

A social movement that addresses the linkages between racial discrimination and injustice, social equity, and environmental equality is

answer

environmental justice

question

Analyses that focus on the linkages between political-economic power, social inequality, and ecological destruction are typical of which approach

answer

political ecology

question

Contemporary ecological science supports the idea that human cultural behaviors are solely shaped by the environment

answer

false

question

All knowledge systems about nature, including science, are culturally based

answer

true

question

An ecological footprint is a measurement of the population an area can support

answer

false

question

It has been proven that overpopulation will inevitably lead to global famine

answer

false

question

Famines are often caused by not environmental factors but social factors like inequality

answer

true

question

One of the primary reasons indigenous leaders criticize the dominant models for administering protected environmental area is

answer

they assume nature must be uninhabited by people

question

Sustainable development for indigenous people involves which of the following elements?

answer

all of the above

question

Which of the following is a key argument of ethnobiologist Brent Berlin, who compared human classification systems?

answer

all human classification systems are reflective of an underlying cognitive structure of the human brain that organizes information in systematic ways

question

The enclosure movement is important to understanding Western conservation approaches because

answer

all of the above

question

How did Americans aim to showcase their "civilization" after the civil war?

answer

establishing formally protected areas

question

Europeans colonial regimes commonly instituted controls on native peoples use of natural resoures

answer

to eliminate native competition against the european businesses exploiting raw materials in the colonies

question

Which of the following reasons explains why a collaborative approach to conversation can be so challenging

answer

scientist and conversationists are often skeptical of indigenous knowledge claims

question

Why is Fairhead and Leachs study about landscape change in Guinea important

answer

it shows why forests can increase because of human population growth and cultivaltion

question

Which of the following methods allowed fairhead and leach to make their conclusions about landscape change in Guinea

answer

all of the above

question

Consumer capitalism contributes to increasing ecological footprints in industrialized nations because

answer

all of the above

question

Kenyas green belt movement is a good example of

answer

enviromental justice

question

The ecological costs of producing beef in the United States are externalized on the landscape and water resources

answer

true

question

An anthropologist who studies the cultural landscape of Zapotec farmers of southern Mexico would be primarily interested in

answer

the meaning and images they have of nature that shape their farming practice

question

Political ecological perspectives are applicable to all of the following except

answer

the relationship between high birth rates and overfishing

Anthro ex 2 – Flashcards

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