ANTH 100 EXAM3 – Flashcards

The genus Australopithecine includes hominins that lived about

Your mom has started complaining to you about her varicose veins and is thinking about surgery. You try to convince her not to by noting that

Which of the following reflects changes in Homo erectus from Homo habilis?

Your roommate, a staunch vegetarian, argues that eating meat is unhealthy. You counter this argument by noting that the latest research in paleoanthropology suggests that

Bipedalism has disadvantages to quadrupedalism, including

All of the following are cultural adaptations initially developed by Homo erectus EXCEPT

The difference in anatomy in these bones illustrates that

Robust australopithecines differ from earlier australopithecines in their

Neandertal remains have been recovered from all of the following locations EXCEPT

If a fully clothed Nariokotome boy were walking down the streets of New York City, which feature would indicate that he was NOT a modern human?

Which of the Fayum primates may be linked to the platyrrhines as evidenced by the presence of three premolars?

The first hominin species to disperse from Africa, where it originated, was

Robert Sussman's angiosperm radiation hypothesis is based on the finding that

When they were first found, Neandertals were depicted as stupid, hairy, knuckle-dragging brutes. Evidence that refutes this depiction includes

These footprints found in the ash at Laetoli show that hominins had which of the following characteristics of bipedalism?

It is possible that australopithecines went extinct and Homo flourished because of

The Fayum primates in the Oligocene epoch were the

The wear pattern on the teeth of this Shanidar 1 Neandertal indicates that

Bipedalism's advantages over quadrupedalism include

While watching a television program on Neandertal origins, you hear the molecular geneticist Matthias Krings state that mtDNA analysis found that two dozen base pairs were different between Neandertals and anatomically modern humans, indicating we are not related to Neandertals. Your roommate asks you if this is true, and you reply that

One of the tools of modern humans in the Americas was the

Some people think the reconstruction of Kennewick Man's skull looks a bit like Patrick Stewart, the actor who played Captain Picard on Star Trek. The cranial morphology of Kennewick Man, however, shows

The _____________ hypothesis about hominin bipedalism states that energy-efficient walking on two legs arose so that hominins could search for food that was dispersed as a result of climatic changes at the end of the Miocene.

During excavations at this site in China, researchers found the fossil remains of over 40 hominins.

Which of these tools indicates that H. sapiens began eating a new type of food?

Fossils of H. erectus have been found at which of these sites in Ethiopia?

H. erectus has also been known as

The first primate fossil to be described by a scientist was recorded by

The Out-of-Africa model of modern human origins states that modern humans

During your internship with the Medical Examiner's Office, you observe the ME attempt to identify an unknown individual based on skeletal remains. The ME asserts confidently that the deceased was of Asian or Native American ancestry. How does she know this, based only on the skeleton?

Charles Darwin hypothesized that bipedalism arose so that hominins would have two free hands to create and carry weapons. The fossil evidence that now refutes this hypothesis includes

The short calcaneus bone of Eosimias demonstrates that

This picture shows the skeleton of the most famous Au. afarensis individual, nicknamed

A valid critique of the Out-of-Africa model of human evolution based on recent research is that

H. erectus's brain increased about ________ compared to H. habilis's.

This phylogenetic chart of catarrhine origins indicates that

The skeletal anatomy of Proconsul indicates it can be classified as

The skeletons found on the Indonesian island of Flores have been interpreted as

Neandertal remains from Shanidar cave in northern Iraq provide evidence of

Your physical anthropology professor asks you to arrange a bag of foot bones in anatomical position. When you finish, she asks you what you can tell from this right foot. You say that this hominin

The oldest pre-australopithecine, or a fossil link between late Miocene apes and australopithecines, found to date is

Evidence of fire use at Wonderwerk Cave included

Which of the following is NOT a hypothesis for how anthropoids got to South America?

The main reason that H. erectus increased in stature and body size over H. habilis is

Modern H. sapiens differ from the archaic form in having

This cave wall in Chauvet, France, shows

Which of the pre-australopithecines was found outside of East Africa?

Which of the following is a way in which omomyids differed from adapids?

The common ancestor of all later catarrhines, Old World monkeys, and hominins was likely

The largest primate that ever lived, named for its massive size, was

Your classmate, whose part-time job entails reorganizing the paleoanthropology lab on campus, asks you to take a look at a skeleton that she thinks is that of a primate. After noting the absence of a postorbital bar, nails, and an opposable thumb, you tell her that

The oldest australopithecine species is

This skull shows some of the characteristics of H. erectus, including a long cranium, low forehead, large brow ridges, and

The _____________ hypothesis proposed by Owen Lovejoy states that the advantages of males carrying food and bringing it to females and young could have contributed to the rise of bipedalism.

In an argument with your parents, they claim that the only difference between australopithecines and early Homo species is that the latter had a bigger brain. You argue that there are other differences, such as that

H. erectus's change in limb proportions, to a body with short arms and long legs, indicates

An animal bone with both animal tooth marks and stone tool cut marks may provide evidence that Homo erectus scavenged for meat if

Homo habilis differs from earlier australopithecines because it

Humans differ from apes because

A valid critique of the Multiregional Continuity model of the origin of modern humans can be found in the fossil record, which shows that

A valid criticism of the idea that anthropoids evolved independently in Africa and South America is that

As a corollary to the idea that primates emerged as an adaptation to an arboreal environment, Matt Cartmill proposed that

______________ arose around 3.5 mya and gave rise to at least two branches of hominins—later australopithecines and the genus Homo.

Modern humans migrated into North America around

Primate fossils have been recovered from all of the following continents except:

The earliest modern humans in Australia, dating to 50 to 40,000 yBP, were found

Paleoanthropologists know that Acheulian hand axes were used to butcher animals because

Neandertals were well adapted to cold, owing to body changes such as

These stone tools made by H. erectus belong to the ___________ tool complex.

Robust australopithecine species include

From 12 to 8 mya, Dryopithecids were found in _____________ while Sivapithecids were found in _____________.

The Multiregional Continuity model of the origin of modern humans states that

In addition to bipedalism, what is the other major difference between apes and hominins?

Eocene primates differ from Paleocene primates in the following way(s)

Higher primates most likely evolved from

The arboreal hypothesis of primate origins explains that

While you and your little cousin are walking through a natural history museum, she points out the skull of an australopithecine with a large crest on the top and asks you what its purpose was. To simplify a complicated evolutionary trait, you tell your cousin that

Early modern humans moved into North and South America because of

The Assimilation model of the origin of modern humans states that

Your biology instructor says in class that the fossil remains of primates from the Eocene demonstrate that they were nothing like the primates of today. After class, you argue with him, noting that

The rapid spread of H. erectus out of Africa can be attributed in part to

Your old roommate is in Australia on a one-year study abroad program. She excitedly Skypes you and says her Aborigine friend mentioned an australopithecine skull he discovered while on "walkabout" in the desert. The skull has a small brain and shows some wear on the tip of the canines. You respond that

Euprimates, the first true primates, consisted of the following two groups:

A valid criticism of the arboreal hypothesis of primate origins is that

The best-known australopithecine, represented by hundreds of fossils and dozens of individuals found mostly at Laetoli and Hadar, is

Neandertals differed from archaic H. sapiens in their

Paleoanthropologists have found stone tool marks on Homo erectus bones, and this bit of information has been spun on TV as "cannibal hominins." A valid criticism of this sensationalistic conclusion is that