Ancient Egypt: Crash Course World History #4 – Flashcards
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Old Kingdom lasted from
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2649 to 2152
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Middle Kingdom from
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2040 to 1640
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New Kingdom, so called because it is only
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3,000 years old, lasted from 1550 to 1070 BCE
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The king, or pharaoh, was either a god or very close to a god, he wasn't expected to
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act like a person, he was expected to act like a god, which in ancient Egypt means acting like the Nile: calm, cool, benevolent
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The Pyramids, represent a remarkable degree of
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political and social control over the population
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The most famous pyramids were built between
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2575 and 2465 BCE
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Sphinx was for
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Khephren
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Great Pyramid, was built for
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Pharaoh Khufu
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These pyramids were built partly by
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peasants who were required by Egyptian law to work for the government a certain number of months per year, and partly by slaves
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The god of Ra was
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regional god over Heliopolis, but he eventually became really central to the entire pantheon of gods of ancient Egypt
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Egyptian popular religion also embraced the belief in
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amulets and magic and divination and the belief that certain animals, especially cats‚ had divine power
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They had two forms of writing
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hieroglyphics for sacred writing and then demotic script for recording contracts and agreements
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In______there were a series of droughts and Pharaohs started fighting over who should have power giving us an intermediate period
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2250
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The Middle Kingdom restored Pharaonic rule in
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2040 BCE
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There were some distinct changes:
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First, the rulers were outsiders, from downriver in Nubia. Second, they fostered a new pantheon of gods.
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The Middle Kingdom also developed an interest in conquering, specifically
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the new pharaoh's homeland of Nubia, and they developed a side interest in getting conquered, specifically by Semitic peoples from the Levant.
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They were able to conquer much of Egypt using
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superior military technology like bronze weapons and compound bows, and chariots.
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Hyksos, were able to conquer all of Egypt, but
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rather than like destroying the Egyptian culture, they just relaxed like the Nile and assimilated into the Egyptians.
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Egyptians adopted their military technology. And then the Egyptians destroyed the
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Hyksos and expelled them from Egypt. And then, by 1550 BCE, there was again an Egyptian pharaoh, Ahmosis.After all this conquering and being conquered, Egypt eventually emerged from its geographically imposed isolationism
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New Kingdom Egypt continued this military expansion but it looked more like
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an Empire, particularly when they headed south and took over land in an attempt to find gold and slaves.
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New Kingdom pharaohs was Hatshepsut, a woman who
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ruled Egypt for about 22 years, and who expanded Egypt not through military might, but through trade.
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New Kingdom pharaohs, focused on military expansion, which brought Egypt into conflicts with the
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Assyrians, and then the Persians, and then Alexander the Great, and finally, the Romans.
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There was this crazy New Kingdom Pharaoh named Akhenaten, who
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tried to invent a new god for Egypt, Aten.
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Akhenaten was kind of the Kim Jong-Il of Ancient Egypt, like he had this feared police force and this big cult of personality. After his death he was replaced by his wife, and then a daughter and then a son, Tutankaten.
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replaced by his wife, and then a daughter and then a son, Tutankaten.
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King Tut died, probably around the age of
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17.
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Honestly, the only reason King Tut is famous is that most Pharaohs had their graves
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robbed by ancient people; and King Tut had his grave robbed by 20th-century British people.
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Tutankaten, who turned his back on
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the weird god Aten and changed his name to Tutankhamen.
