Anatomy&Physiology chp.12 – Flashcards

Nerve cell bodies in the PNS are clustered together in masses called

The neurotransmitter glutamate opens channels that are permeable to sodium ions. What effect does glutamate produce on a postsynaptic neuron?

When a person has a stroke, blood leaks into the brain tissue. Which type of neuroglia cells would repair the damage

The white matter of the CNS represents a region dominated by the presence of

Which of these neurotransmitters is released at CNS adrenergic synapses?

Which of the following is the most excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain and functions in learning and memory?

What type of neuroglial cell myelinates axons in the peripheral nervous system?

The __________ nervous system controls glandular secretion.

What type of neuroglial cell participates in the production and circulation of cerebrospinal fluid?

An inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) is a __________.

Which type of neuroglial cell functions in the central nervous system to engulf cellular debris, waste products, and pathogens?

Neurons and other excitable cells respond to stimuli by producing ________.

An action potential is ______

Josh and a bunch of friends decided to see how many people they could squeeze into a small car for a charity event. Once inside, Josh felt it get hot, smelly, and like the air was getting squished out of his lungs. He also noticed aches and pains in his joints. Which of the following statements best describes the type of sensory neurons involved?

The most abundant class of neuron in the central nervous system is

The cytoplasm that surrounds the nucleus of a neuron is called the

Axons terminate in a series of fine extensions known as

Which of the following activities or sensations is/are not monitored by interoceptors?

An Axon can ......... an action potential

The most common neuron of the nervous system is the

Neuron cell bodies in the PNS are clustered together in masses called

microglia

Tumors that originate within the central nervous system (CNS) are due to __________.

Which of the following is an example of a myelin producing cell in the central nervous system (CNS)?

Which of the following is not a function of the neuroglia? support secretion of cerebrospinal fluid maintenance of blood-brain barrier memory phagocytosis

Functions of astrocytes include all of the following except: conducting action potentials. forming a three-dimensional framework for the CNS. guiding neuron development. maintaining the blood-brain barrier. responding to neural tissue damage.

________account for roughly half of the volume of the nervous system. Dendrites Neuroglia Efferent fibers Synapses Axons

Glial cells that surround the neurons in ganglia are

Ions are unequally distributed across the plasma membrane of all cells. This ion distribution creates an electrical potential difference across the membrane. What is the name given to this potential difference? Action potential Threshold potential Positive membrane potential Resting membrane potential (RMP)

The plasma membrane is much more permeable to K+ than to Na+. Why? The Na+-K+ pumps transport more K+ into cells than Na+ out of cells. There are many more K+ leak channels than Na+ leak channels in the plasma membrane. There are many more voltage-gated K+ channels than voltage-gated Na+ channels. Ligand-gated cation channels favor a greater influx of Na+ than K+.

During depolarization, which gradient(s) move(s) Na+ into the cell? only the chemical gradient Na+ does not move into the cell. Na+ moves out of the cell. only the electrical gradient both the electrical and chemical gradients

The Na+-K+ pump actively transports both sodium and potassium ions across the membrane to compensate for their constant leakage. In which direction is each ion pumped?

In a typical neuron, what is the equilibrium potential for sodium?

At the normal resting potential of a typical neuron, its sodium-potassium exchange pump transports

Opening of sodium channels in the axon membrane causes

The sodium-potassium ion exchange pump

________ open or close in response to binding specific molecules.

________ channels open or close in response to physical distortion of the membrane surface.

If the sodium-potassium pumps in the plasma membrane fail to function, all of the following occur except: A)the inside of the membrane will have a resting potential that is more positive than normal. B).the intracellular concentration of sodium ions will increase. C).the neuron will slowly depolarize. D).the membrane will slowly lose its capacity to generate action potentials. E).the intracellular concentration of potassium ions will increase.

Ions can move across the plasma membrane in ALL of these ways:

If acetylcholine (ACh) causes inhibition of a postsynaptic neuron, to what type of membrane channel did the ACh bind?

A movement of charges in response to a potential difference is called

Where on the neuron is the action potential initiated?

IPSPs (inhibitory postsynaptic potentials)

The site in the neuron where EPSPs and IPSPs are integrated is the Also the site of the most simple information processing

After acetylcholinesterase acts, the synaptic terminal

Opioids relieve pain by blocking the release of

Adrenergic synapses release the neurotransmitter

When cholinergic receptors are stimulated, norepinephrine deactivates acetylcholine. chloride ions leave the postsynaptic neuron. sodium ions leave the postsynaptic neuron. chloride ions enter the postsynaptic neuron. sodium ions enter the postsynaptic neuron.

Cholinergic synapses release the neurotransmitter