Anatomy & Physiology Chapter 3 Cells – Flashcards
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Mitochondria
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Slipper shaped organelles that produce ATP
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Mitochondria
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Called the "power plants" of the cell
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Golgi Apparatus
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Puts the finishing touches on the protein.
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Golgi Apparatus
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Packages the protein for export from the cell.
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Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
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Sandpaper-like structure.
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RER
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Concerned with protein synthesis; contains Ribosomes
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Cell Membrane
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Selectively permeable structure that separates intracellular material from extracellular material.
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Cillia
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Short hairlike projections on the outer surface of the cell.
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Lysosomes
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Digestive organelles that "clean house" within the cell.
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Microtubules
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Organelles that maintain the shape of the cell and assist the cell with movement.
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Cytoplasm
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Gel-like substance inside the cell but outside the nucleus.
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Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
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Type of endoplasmic reticulum concerned with the synthesis of lipids and steroids.
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SER
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Does not contain Ribosomes.
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Centrioles
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Rod-shaped structures that play a key role in cellular reproduction.
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Nucleus
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Control center of the cell.
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Nucleus
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Contains most of the DNA.
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Ribosomes
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Organelles that wither are bound to the ER or are free in the cytoplasm; concerned with protein synthesis.
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Flagellum
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Long hairlike projection on thw external surface of the cell membrane.
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Flagellum
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Tail of the sperm.
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Nuclear Membrane
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Structure that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm.
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Cytosol
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Gel like part of cytoplasm.
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Osmosis
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Transport mechanism in which water diffuses from an area where there is more water, to an area where there is less water. Solute cannot diffuse.
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Solute
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Cannot diffuse.
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Diffusion
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Most commonly used transport mechanism.
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Fascilitated Diffusion
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Passive transport mechanism in which glucose is helped across the cell membrane by a helper molecule.
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Phagocytosis
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Transport mechanism that involves eating; engulfing.
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Phagocytosis
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A type of Endocytosis.
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Exocytosis
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A protein containing vesicle within a cell fuses with the cell membrane and ejects the protein.
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Active Transport Pump
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Transport mechanism needed to move additional potassium into the cell is the intracellular concentration of potassium is higher than the extracellular concentration of potassium.
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Pinocytosis
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Intake of liquid by the cell membranes.
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Pinocytosis
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Also called "cell drinking"
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Filtration
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A type of transport where a pressure gradient is the driving force.
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Active Transport Pump
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Requires an input of energy to move molecules from an area of lower concentration, to an area of higher concentration.
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Diffusion
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Movement of a substance from an area of higher concentration, to an area of lower concentration.
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Hypertonic
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Shrinking of red blood cells.
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Hypotonic
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Bursting of red blood cells.
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Hemolysis
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Bursting blood.
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Crenation
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Shrinking blood.
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Isotonic
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Normal saline.
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Isotonic
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Solution with the same concentration as the solution to which it is compared.
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Cell Cycle
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Consists of two phases, interphase and mitosis.
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Cancer
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Malignant neoplasm.
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Mitosis
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M phase of the cell cycle.
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Mitosis
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Has 3 phases; metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
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Metastasis
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Ability of cancer cells to spread to distant sites.
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Interphase
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Includes G1, S, G2, and M.
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Interphase
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Replication of DNA occurs during this phase of the cell cycle.
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Meiosis
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Type of cell division that occurs in sex cells.
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G○
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Cells stop cycling when they enter this phase.
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Stem Cell
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Cell that can specialze into another type of cell... like blood cell, nerve, and muscle cells.
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Differentiation
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The process that refers to that specialization of cells.
