Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 13 – Flashcards

__________ are receptors that can respond to changes in pressure.

Pressure, pain, and temperature receptors in the skin are ________. A) interoceptors B) exteroceptors C) proprioceptors D) mechanoreceptors

Potentially damaging stimuli that result in pain are selectively detected by ________. A) interoceptors B) photoreceptors C) nociceptors D) proprioceptors

Which receptors adapt most slowly? A) smell receptors B) pressure receptors C) nociceptors D) touch receptors

Feeling a gentle caress on your arm would likely involve all of the following except ________. A) Meissner's corpuscles B) tactile discs C) Pacinian corpuscles D) hair follicle receptors

Pacinian corpuscles can be exteroceptors, interoceptors, or proprioceptor,

Which of the following is not a way that sensory receptors are classified?

Which type of sensory receptor allows us to feel an insect landing on our skin?

Which of the following is NOT used to classify sensory receptors?

Which of the following is composed of encapsulated nerve endings?

The first level of neural integration in the somatosensory system is the __________ level.

__________ do NOT exhibit the property of adaptation.

In the somatosensory system there are no third-order neurons in the cerebellum.

Which of the following is not a main level of neural integration in the somatosensory system? A) receptor B) circuit C) segmental D) perceptual

Which of the following is an incorrect statement regarding the occurrence of a sensation? A) The stimulus energy must match the specificity of the receptor. B) The stimulus energy must occur within the receptor's receptive field. C) The stimulus energy must be converted into the energy of a graded potential called a transduction potential. D) A generator potential in the associated sensory neuron must reach threshold.

Select the correct definition.

All processing at the circuit level going up to the perceptual level must synapse in the ________.

Which of the following is not an aspect of sensory perception?

Transduction refers to conversion of ________.

Three main levels of neural integration operate in the somatosensory system. Which level involves processing in the sensory areas of the cerebral cortex?

Why might an individual experience the phenomenon known as "referred pain"?

Nerves that only carry impulses away from the central nervous system (CNS) are called __________.

__________ are collections of neuron cell bodies associated with nerves in the peripheral nervous system (PNS).

The hyperalgesia that is common in phantom limb pain could be blocked if a new drug was developed that could prevent (without triggering any side-effects) the ______.

Nerves that carry impulses toward the CNS only are ________. A) afferent nerves B) efferent nerves C) motor nerves D) mixed nerves

After axonal injury, regeneration in peripheral nerves is guided by ________. A) Wallerian cells B) Schwann cells C) dendrites D) Golgi organs

Regeneration within the CNS ________.

Select the statement that is most correct. A) Ganglia are collections of neuron cell bodies in the spinal cord that are associated with efferent fibers. B) Ganglia associated with afferent nerve fibers contain cell bodies of sensory neurons. C) The dorsal root ganglion is a motor-only structure. D) The cell bodies of afferent ganglia are located in the spinal cord.

Which connective tissue layer directly surrounds each axon in a nerve?

Choose the FALSE statement about nerves.

There are __________ pairs of cranial nerves.

The majority of the cranial nerves attach to the __________.

Spinal nerves are all classified as __________.

The glossopharyngeal nerve is the only cranial nerve that contains sensory fibers.

The only cranial nerves to extend beyond the head and neck region are the vagus nerves.

External strabismus and ptosis could be caused by damage to the oculomotor nerve.

The ________ nerve is not a branch of the trigeminal nerve. A) ophthalmic B) maxillary C) cervical D) mandibular

Bell's palsy is ________.

Mixed cranial nerves containing both motor and sensory fibers include all except which of the following?

The cranial nerves that have neural connections with the tongue include all except the ________.

Problems in balance may follow trauma to which nerve? A) abducens B) vestibulocochlear C) trigeminal D) accessory

A fracture of the ethmoid bone could result in damage to which cranial nerve?

A patient who received a blow to the side of the skull exhibits the following signs and symptoms on that side of the face: he is unable to close his eye, and the corner of his mouth droops. Which cranial nerve has been damaged? A) facial B) glossopharyngeal C) hypoglossal D) accessory

David, an aspiring baseball player, was struck on the left side of his face with a fastball pitch. He was not wearing a safety helmet. His zygomatic arch was crushed, as well as parts of the temporal bone. Following the accident and reconstructive surgery, he noted that his left lower eyelid was still drooping and the corner of his mouth sagged. What nerve damage did he sustain?

A nurse is asked about the cause of the excruciating pain of tic douloureux. How should the nurse answer?

The second cranial nerve forms a chiasma at the base of the brain for partial crossover of neural fibers.

The cranial nerve with a dual origin (brain and spinal cord) is the ________. A) hypoglossal B) accessory C) vagus D) glossopharyngeal

Which of the following cranial nerves carries only sensory information?

Which cranial nerve transmits information about our sense of equilibrium?

The phrenic nerve serves the __________.

In carpal tunnel syndrome, the __________ is compressed.

Hiccups could occur if there was irritation or damage to the ______.

The brachial plexus can be palpated at the lower lateral border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Injury to the brachial plexus could cause weakness or paralysis to all of the following EXCEPT the ______.

In carpal tunnel syndrome, there may be tingling and numbness in the thumb due to compression of the ______.

Damage to the ulnar nerve could result in the inability to ______.

If "wrist drop" were to appear, there would also be an increased probability of ______.

A herniated lumbar disc could interfere with ______.

Sciatica has no direct affect on ______.

The meningeal branch of a spinal nerve actually reenters the vertebral canal to innervate the meninges and blood vessels.

The musculocutaneous nerve is a major nerve of the brachial plexus.

The dorsal ramus consists only of motor fibers bringing information to the spinal cord.

Dermatomes are skin segments that relate to sensory innervation regions of the spinal nerves.

Dorsal and ventral rami are similar in that they both contain sensory and motor fibers.

Irritation of the phrenic nerve may cause diaphragm spasms called hiccups.

The obturator nerve branches from the sacral plexus.

Which of the following nerves does not arise from the brachial plexus? A) median B) phrenic C) radial D) ulnar

The posterior side of the thigh, leg, and foot is served by the ________ nerve. A) obturator B) common fibular C) tibial D) femoral

Starting at the spinal cord, the subdivisions of the brachial plexus are (in order): A) roots, trunks, divisions, and cords B) roots, divisions, cords, and trunks C) divisions, roots, trunks, and cords D) trunks, divisions, cords, and roots

A major nerve of the lumbar plexus is the ________. A) femoral B) iliohypogastric C) sciatic D) ilioinguinal

Spinal nerves exiting the cord from the level of L4 to S4 form the ________.

Striking the "funny bone" is actually stimulation of (or injury to) the ________.

The sciatic nerve is a combination of which two nerves?

The flexor muscles in the anterior arm (biceps brachii and brachialis) are innervated by what nerve?

If the ventral root of a spinal nerve were cut, what would be the result in the tissue or region that nerve supplies?

Ralph sustained a leg injury in a bowling accident and had to use crutches. Unfortunately, he never took the time to learn how to use them properly. After two weeks of use, he noticed his fingers were becoming numb. Then he noticed his arms were getting weaker and had a tingling sensation. What could be his problem?

Which nerve is compressed in carpal tunnel syndrome?

A fall or an improperly delivered gluteal injection could result in ________. A) neurofibromatosis B) postpoliomyelitis muscular atrophy C) paresthesia D) sciatica

What type of nerve fibers are found in the ventral ramus of a spinal nerve?

The primary nerve that controls breathing is found in which nerve plexus?

The thickest and longest nerve in the body is the __________.

Which of the following lists the hierarchy of motor control from lowest to highest level of control?

Which structure is involved in the segmental level of motor control?

Somatic reflexes activate __________.

The knee-jerk reflex is an example of a __________.

The cerebellum and basal nuclei are involved in regulating motor activity, starting and stopping movements, and coordinating postural movements.

What parts of the brain ultimately plan and coordinate complex motor activities?

Which of the following does NOT occur as people age?

The peripheral nervous system (PNS) includes the brain and spinal cord.

Which of the following is the correct simple spinal reflex arc?

Inborn or intrinsic reflexes are ________.

Anatomically, all general sensory receptors are encapsulated nerve endings.

A knee-jerk reflex that is unusually strong may be caused by ______.

Reciprocal inhibition means that while one sensory nerve is stimulated, another sensory neuron for synergistic muscles in the same area is inhibited and cannot respond.

The patellar "knee jerk" reflex is an example of a(n) ________. A) extensor thrust reflex B) stress reflex C) crossed-extensor reflex D) stretch reflex

A reflex that causes muscle relaxation and lengthening in response to muscle tension is called a ________.

In a crossed-extensor reflex, if the right arm was grabbed it would flex and the left arm would ________.

Which reflex is important for maintaining muscle tone?

Which reflex is triggered when a stranger suddenly grasps your arm?

CNS nerve fibers lack the intrinsic capacity to regenerate, while PNS nerve fibers are able to regenerate.

A joint and the muscle that moves that joint tend to be innervated by different nerves.

The trochlear nerve conveys proprioceptor impulses from the _____ to the brain. A) medial rectus muscle B) lateral rectus muscle C) superior oblique muscle D) inferior rectus muscle

Which of the following types of neurons are replaced throughout adult life? A) olfactory receptor cells B) retinal bipolar cells C) retinal ganglion cells D) auditory outer and inner hair cells

Seventy percent of all sensory receptors are located in the _____. A) eye B) ears C) skin D) nose

The oval window is connected directly to which passageway? A) scala vestibuli B) external acoustic meatus C) pharyngotympanic tube D) scala tympani

Taste buds are not found _____. A) in fungiform papillae B) in filiform papillae C) in circumvallate papillae D) lining the buccal cavity

Which of the following is not an example of an exteroceptor? A) touch B) pressure C) pain D) temperature E) baroreceptor

What structure regulates the amount of light passing to the visual receptors of the eye? A) aqueous humor B) lens C) cornea D) iris

Receptors for hearing are located in the ________. A) cochlear B) semicircular canals C) tympanic membrane D) vestibule

The receptor for static equilibrium is the ________. A) semicircular canals B) macula C) utricle D) cochlear duct

Farsightedness is more properly called _____. A) myopia B) hypopia C) hyperopia D) presbyopia

Nerve fibers from the medial aspect of each eye ________. A) go to the superior colliculus only B) pass posteriorly without crossing over at the chiasma C) divide at the chiasma, with some crossing and some not crossing D) cross over to the opposite side at the chiasma

Ordinarily, it is not possible to transplant tissues from one person to another, yet corneas can be transplanted without tissue rejection. This is because the cornea ________. A) is not a living tissue B) has no nerve supply C) has no blood supply D) does not contain connective tissue

The first "way station" in the visual pathway from the eye, after there has been partial crossover of the fibers in the optic chiasma, is the ________. A) superior colliculi B) lateral geniculate body of the thalamus C) visual cortex D) temporal lobe

As sound levels increase in the spiral organ (of Corti), ________. A) outer hair cells stiffen the basilar membrane B) outer hair cells bend the cilia away from the kinocilium C) inner hair cells stiffen the basilar membrane D) inner hair cells bend the cilia away from the kinocilium

Fluid blockages cause glaucoma.

Holds the retina firmly against the pigmented layer.

Controls lens shape.

Acts as a reflexively activated diaphragm to vary pupil size.

Rod.

Amacrine cell.

Bipolar cells.

Receptor

Motor neuron.

Effector

Sensory neuron.

Integration center.

Damage to this nerve would keep the eye from rotating inferolaterally.

Damage to this nerve would cause difficulty in speech and swallowing, but no effect on visceral organs.

Involved in movement of the digestive tract.

Damage to this nerve would cause dizziness, nausea, and loss of balance.

Innervates the superior oblique muscle.