Anatomy and Physiology #2 Endocrine system – Flashcards

Which of the following hormones is a part of the rapid response (rather than the prolonged response) to stress? cortisol epinephrine aldosterone ADH (vasopressin)

In response to stress, which of the following changes would happen? decreased sweating decreased cardiac output decreased or difficulty breathing decreased insulin secretion

Which of the following are symptom(s) of pheochromocytoma? cool, dry skin heart palpitations slow heart rate low blood glucose

Choose which condition has all of the following symptoms: hypertension, hyperglycemia, and a "moon face." Addison's disease pheochromocytoma Cushing's disease

What hormone also aids the stress response by promoting water retention and acting as a vasoconstrictor? ADH (vasopressin) cortisol angiotensin II aldosterone

Compared to the endocrine system, the nervous system is __________. more localized in action briefer in action more rapidly acting Compared to the endocrine system, the nervous system has all of these characteristics.

In paracrine communication a chemical signal acts within the tissue that produced it; in endocrine communication the signal reaches the target cells by way of the circulation. Are these two statements true or false? The first is false; the second is true. The first is true; the second is false. Both statements are false. Both statements are true.

Endocrine cells __________. contain secretory vesicles perform intercellular communication secrete into extracellular fluid Endocrine cells have all of these characteristics.

What is the order of the effects on intracellular hormone binding

Which of the following hormones has intracellular receptors? cortisol insulin epinephrine

What is the mechanism of action of lipid-soluble hormones? increasing protein kinases phosphorylation of intracellular proteins activation of genes, which increases protein synthesis in the cell

After a lipid-soluble hormone is bound to its intracellular receptor, what does the hormone complex do? directly alters protein synthesis at the ribosome acts as a transcription factor and binds to DNA, activating a gene activates a protein kinase phosphorylates a protein

hat type of hormones bind to receptors located on the cell membrane? lipid-soluble hormones, such as thyroid hormones and cortisol water-soluble hormones, such as insulin and epinephrine

Which is the correct order of events for hormones activating Gs proteins? A. activation of G protein, binding of GTP, activation of adenylate cyclase, conversion of ATP to cAMP B. activation of G protein, binding of GTP, activation of phospholipase C, activation of DAG and IP3 C. activation of a G protein, tyrosine kinase receptor, phosphorylation of intracellular proteins

Which of the following hormones does the gland indicated by the arrow secrete? Epinephrine Calcitonin Oxytocin Insulin

What is the chemical classification of this hormone? Catecholamine Protein Carbohydrate Steroid

Which of the labels in the figure indicate the source of antidiuretic hormone? The cells in the pituitary labeled D The hypothalamic nuclei labeled B The hypothalamic nuclei labeled C The hypothalamic nuclei labeled A

Lipid-soluble hormones usually bind to __________ receptors. intranuclear G-protein coupled transmembrane extracellular

Which of these hormones is not derived from an amino acid? epinephrine thyroid hormone parathyroid hormone norepinephrine

Peptide hormones ___________. always contain one sugar molecule are composed of amino acids usually bind to intranuclear receptors are lipid soluble

Which hormone secreted by the pituitary gland causes the thyroid gland to release thyroid hormones? ACTH TSH MSH GH

The release of ACTH from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland causes the _______. adrenal cortex to release glucocorticoids mammary glands to secrete milk gonads to release sex hormones melanocytes to secrete melanin

Which hormone affects the smooth muscle of the ductus deferens and uterus? PRL FSH OXT ADH

Which of the following hormones is regulated by a neuroendocrine ("letdown") reflex? antidiuretic hormone (ADH) oxytocin cortisol

Where is antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin, synthesized? hypothalamus anterior pituitary posterior pituitary kidney

What is the most important regulatory factor controlling the circulating levels of thyroid hormone? thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) a circadian rhythm of release negative feedback thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)

The brain region that exerts the most direct effects on the endocrine system is the __________. thalamus mesencephalon pons hypothalamus

Which of these hormones exerts a strong effect on adrenal steroid production? LH ADH ACTH TSH

Which of these is released by the neurohypophysis? TSH ADH ACTH FSH

Which of these signs is often seen in patients suffering from hyperthyroid disease? elevated body temperature elevated oxygen utilization elevated heart rate Patients with hyperthyroidism often exhibit all of these signs.

Which chemical element is necessary to make thyroid hormone? iodine thorium calcium iron

Which gland is named for a nearby prominent cartilage? thyroid pituitary adrenal salivary

Which of the following is regulated by the gland indicated by the red arrow? Blood calcium concentration Body's reaction to stress Blood pressure Blood glucose concentration

What is the role of PTH?

Which of these statements about the parathyroid gland is false? They secrete a peptide hormone. There are usually four glands. It is posterior to thyroid. The hormone release is triggered by a rise in blood calcium.

Which of these might result from excessive parathyroid hormone release? osteopenia elevated blood calcium increased loss of bone minerals All of these might result from excessive parathyroid hormone release.

Which of the following could occur with a hypersecreting tumor of this gland? Elevation of blood pressure and blood glucose concentration Excess output of dilute urine Enlargement of bones and cartilage Appearance of a lump in the neck

Excessive secretion by the adrenal medulla can lead to all of these changes except __________. elevated heart rate elevated blood pressure drowsiness elevated blood glucose level

Which of these statements about the pineal gland is false? It produces melatonin. It promotes sleep. It is controlled by adenohypophysis. It receives inputs from the retina.

The __________ gland secretes melatonin. pituitary neurohypophysis thymus pineal

When blood glucose levels are high The liver releases insulin. The pancreas releases insulin. The liver releases glucagon. The pancreas releases glucose. The pancreas releases glucagon.

A liver cell responds to insulin by Taking in glucose and converting it to glucagon. Releasing insulin. Releasing glucagon. Taking in glucose and converting it to glycogen. Breaking down glycogen and releasing glucose.

What cells in the body respond to glucagon by breaking down glycogen and releasing glucose? Cells in the pancreas. Muscle cells. Liver cells and cells in the pancreas. Liver cells. Intestinal cells.

Body cells that respond to insulin include Liver cells only. Liver cells and muscle cells only. Muscle cells only. Liver cells, as well as most other cells of the body. Intestinal cells only.

When blood glucose levels are low A.The pancreas releases glucagon, which eventually causes blood glucose levels to increase. B.The pancreas releases insulin, which eventually causes blood glucose levels to increase. C.Liver cells convert more glucose to glycogen. D.The pancreas releases insulin, which eventually causes blood glucose levels to decrease. E.The pancreas releases glucagon, which eventually causes blood glucose levels to decrease.

The body's tendency to maintain relatively constant internal conditions is called homeostasis. diabetes. positive feedback. negative feedback. None of the above.

What are the events that occur in your body after you eat a sugary snack.

Which of the following would activate secretion of a hormone from this gland? A fall in the blood glucose concentration A fall in blood calcium concentration A rise in blood sodium concentration Ingestion of excess water

A rise in blood glucose level will trigger all these responses except __________. storage of triglycerides storage of glycogen increased beta cell secretion increased epinephrine secretion

Which of these is not produced by pancreatic islet cells? digestive enzymes somatostatin insulin glucagon

Which cells are correctly matched to the hormones they produce? alpha cells; insulin acinar cells; insulin beta cells; insulin beta cells; glucagon

Which of the following is NOT involved in elevating blood calcium concentration? Parathyroid hormone Calcitriol Calcitonin Vitamin D (cholecalciferol)

Which of these is not a steroid hormone produced by the gonads? progesterone testosterone cortisol estradiol

Adipose cells produce a hormone called __________ that acts on the brain to reduce food intake. adipin renin leptin insulin

Which of these statements about the resistance phase of the general adaptation syndrome is not true? The dominant hormones are glucocorticoids. It follows the alarm phase. It precedes the exhaustion phase. The dominant hormone is epinephrine.

Which of these hormones is required for normal growth? thyroid hormone insulin growth hormone All of these hormones are required for normal growth.

Calcitonin is secreted by which cells? beta cells in the pancreas C cells (parafollicular cells) in the thyroid gland chromaffin cells chief cells of the parathyroid gland

The sympathetic nervous system directly stimulates which of the following amine hormones? insulin thyroid hormones aldosterone epinephrine from the adrenal medulla

What hormone causes the loss of sodium and water, thus lowering blood pressure. atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) angiotensin II erythropoietin aldosterone

What amine hormone helps coordinate body activities with the light-dark cycle? thymosin inhibin melatonin prolactin

What hormone promotes glycogen synthesis in liver and muscle? glucagon insulin epinephrine cortisol

Where is thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) synthesized? thyroid anterior pituitary posterior pituitary adrenal cortex