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Virtual Representation

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British claimed tht the colonists were represented by the House of Commons, colonists claimed they were not because they did not choose their representitives

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"No taxation without representation"

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colonists did not like being taxed when they felt they had no say in British government, and Britain refused to recognized their local governments

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Admiralty Courts

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juryless courts in British colonies that held jurisdiction over maritime activities

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Baron von Steuben

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foreign advisor who helped train American soldiers during the revolution

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Boston Massacre

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colonial agitators provoked British troops with rock-filled snowballs, soldiers shot into the crowd, became an important piece of anti-British propaganda

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Boston Tea Party

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group of colonists disguised as Indians boarded ships in Boston Harbor and dumped the tea into the ocean, led to Boston Port Act

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Boston Port Act

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response to Boston Tea Party, outlawed use of Boston harbor until damages were paid to the crown

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Boycott

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First Continental Congress called for a boycott of all British goods in 12 of 13 colonies, showed a growth in unity

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Charles Townshend

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British Prime Minister, convinced Parliament to pass the Townshend Acts

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Committees of Correspondence

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organized by the Sons of Liberty to spread spirit of resistance

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Crispus Attucks

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slave killed in the Boston Massacre, became an icon of the anti-slavery movement

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Declaration of Rights

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drafted at a Virginia Convention, proclaimed the inherit rights of man

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Declaratory Act

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issued to confirm the British government's right to pass acts which were legally binding to the colonists, used to save face when the colonies refused the Stamp Act

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English Whigs

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Parliament party who contested the Tories, took control of the government until King George III took the throne

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Enumerated Products

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gods not produced by the mother country, could only be shipped from the colonies to England or other English colonies

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First Continental Congress

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response to the Intolerable Acts, called for a complete boycott of all British goods in 12 of 13 colonies, showed better colonial unity

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Gaspee Incident

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schooner was beached in Rhode Island, upset Americans because it was one of the last customs racketeering ships, burned down by locals, showed how militant the colonists were becoming

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George Grenville

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Prime Minister, architect of the Sugar Act and Stamp Act, his methods of taxation and crackdown on smuggling were widely disliked by Americans

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George Washington

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commander in chief of the Continental Army

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Hessians

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German mercenaries hired by the British to put down the rebellion in the colonies, showed the colonists that the British had only military action in mind, as a solution to current problems

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External Taxation

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placed on an item coming into the colony

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Internal Taxation

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direct tax paid by the consumer

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Intolerable/Coercive Acts

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composed in response to colonial rebellion, included Boston Port Act, Massachusetts Government Act, Administration of Justice Act, Quartering Act, and Quebec Act

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John Adams

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Federalist, second president of the US, responsible for the Alien and Sedition Acts which hurt the popularity of the Federalists and himself, prevented all out war with France after the XYZ Affair

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John Hancock

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won his fortune by smuggling, rebel ring leader at Lexington and Concord

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Lord North

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Prime Minister during the Revolution, passed the Intolerable Acts and supported the king to the extent that Britian was ruled only by the king

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King George III

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king of Britian during the revolution, Declaration of Independence was directed specifically at him

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Letter from a Farmer in Pennsylvania

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written by John Dickinson, united the colonies against the Townshead Acts

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Lexington and Concord

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first battles of the revolution, militias were massacred at Lexington but won at Concord

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Loyalists

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also called Tories, American colonists who were loyal to Britain and the king

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Marquis de Lafayette

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French nobleman, major general in the colonial army who trained the militiamen

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Mercantilism

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economic system with three main points: - exports should be greater than imports - a nation's weath is measured in gold - colonies exist as captive markets to make money for the mother country

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Minute Men

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colonial militias

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Molasses Act of 1733

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imposed a tax on molasses, sugar, and rum imported form non-British colonies, aimed to reserve a monopoly of the colonies

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Non-importation Agreements

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colonial boycotting of imported goods

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Patrick Henry

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orator and statesman, member of House of Burgesses, attended Continental Congress

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Quartering Act

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required certain colonies to provide food and quartering for British troops

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Quebec Act

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allowed French Quebec to keep its customs and religion, but did not include a representative assemply or trial by jury

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Radical Whigs

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British political commentators who warned the colonies to be on guard against political corruption and conspiracies that would take their liberties

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Republicanism

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defied a just society as one in which all citizens willingly subordinated their private, selfish interests to the common good

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Rights of Englishmen

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what the American colonists wanted (not revolution at first)

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Royal Veto

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British crown could nullify any legislation passed by the colonial assemblies if they interferred with mercantilism

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Samuel Adams

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attended the Continental Congress, ringleader at Lexington and Concord, propagandist and engineer of rebellion, organized committees of correspondence

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Sons of Liberty

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colonial protest group, formed to protect the rights of the colonists

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Stamp Act

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all legal documents, contracts, licenses, pamphlets, and newpapers must carry a taxed stamp, means of raising revenue in the colonies

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Stamp Act Congress

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held as an outcry against the Stamp Act, one more step towards colonial unity

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Sugar Act

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increased the duty on foreign sugar

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The Association

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created by the Continental Congress, called for a complete boycott of British goods, including exportation

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Thomas Huchinson

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Massachusetts governor, refused to be pushed around by colonial protestors, butt heads with Sam Adams

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Tories

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British political party, came back into Parliament when King George III took the throne

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Townshend Acts

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duties on glass, white lead, paper, paint, and tea

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Valley Forge

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winter camp of a colonial army led by Washington

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