American History pt. 1 – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
The constitutions created by the various states during the Revolution had all of the following in common
answer
- they mandated strict separation of church and state - they provided for governmental separation of powers - they were attempts to fashion a government that offered some form of representation - they included limitations on who could vote or hold officeDID NOT HAVE A BILL OF RIGHTS
question
The Articles of Confederation allowed the Congress to do all of the following
answer
- Declare war and negotiate peace - Issue currency - Negotiate International treaties - deal with Indian affairsCOULD NOT LEVY TAXES
question
The 1787 Northwest Ordinance prohibited _______ in the Northwest Territories
answer
- slavery
question
The Constitution granted all of the following powers to the executive branch
answer
- to veto acts of Congress - to make treaties, provided that two-thirds of the Senate ratified them - to execute the laws passed by the legislative branch - to act as commander-in-chief of the army and navyCOULD NOT VETO DECISIONS OF THE JUDICIAL BRANCH
question
Author of the first draft of the Articles of Confederation
answer
John Dickinson
question
The "Great Compromise" at the constitutional convention broke the deadlock over
answer
the relationship between states' population and representation in Congress
question
Shay's Rebellion took place in
answer
Massachusetts
question
A "federal" political system means that
answer
powers are shared between the national and state governments
question
The Articles of Confederation created a national government composed of
answer
a legislative branch
question
The 1789 Annapolis Convention was historically significant because
answer
it issued a call that led to convening of the Constitutional convention
question
By serving as president of the constitutional convention, _______ was able to lend legitimacy to that body's proceedings
answer
George Washington
question
The "Three-Fifths" clause of the Constitution stipulated that
answer
slaves counted as three-fifths of a white person for the purposes of legislative apportionment
question
One of the principal Anti-Federalist criticisms of the proposed Consitution was its
answer
lack of Bill of Rights
question
The Constitution's provision for the Electoral College represented political elites' fears of
answer
too much democracy
question
Under the Constitution, which branch (or branches) of the national government has the power of taxation?
answer
the legislative branch
question
During the debates over the ratification of the Constitution, supporters of the new plan of government called themselves
answer
Federalists
question
Authors of the Federalist Papers
answer
- James Madison - Alexander Hamilton - John JayNOT GOUVERNEUR MORRIS
question
The ninth state to ratify the Constitution, thus putting it into effect as the new government for the US was
answer
- New Hampshire
question
The "Virginia Plan" proposed in the Constitutional Convention proposed a new national government in which
answer
representation was proportional to a states' population
question
Probably the most significant shortcoming of the government under the Articles of Confederation was its inability to
answer
- handle the financial affairs to the new nation
question
The new constitutions created by the various states during the Revolution had all of the following in common
answer
- They included written Bills of Rights - They provided for governmental separation of powers - They were attempts to fashion a government that offered some form of representation - they included limitations on who could vote and hold officeDID NOT MANDATED STRICT SEPARATION OF CHURCH AND STATE
question
The Naturalization Act of 1790 limited those eligible for US citizenship to
answer
adult white males
question
The congressional deadlock over Hamilton's economic program was ultimately broken by a compromise over
answer
the permanent location for the national capital
question
The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions were a strong protest against
answer
the Alien and Sedition Acts
question
The outcome of the Whiskey Rebellion was significant in that it led to
answer
the strengthening of the Democratic-Republicans and their ideals in the West
question
Alexander Hamilton's economic plan was based upon the ideas of
answer
loos constructionism and implied powers
question
Washington's choice to head the State Department was
answer
Thomas Jefferson
question
The first federal Congress ensured that the government would receive revenue by its passage of legislation providing for
answer
a tariff on imports
question
The emergent political party known as the Federalists tended to support measures that
answer
created a stronger, more activist federal government
question
The slave-led revolution that created the republic of Haiti affected the American South in all of the following ways
answer
- Southern lawmakers tightened the "black coded" that governed slave behavior and punishments - slaveowners became even more convinced that slavery was meant to remain in the South - Southern slaves who heard about the revolution became more militant themselves, and several attempted slave revolts ensued - Democratic-Republicans were outraged at the Washington administration's support for the black revolutionariesDID NOT created strict federal quarantine, or prohibit immigrants from the Caribbean
question
The Adams administration was dominated by a foreign policy crisis that brought the U.S. to the brink of war with
answer
France
question
Alexander Hamilton's plan for the country's finances included all of the following
answer
- the creation of a national bank - raising revenue from a variety of sources, including bonds and excise taxes - creating a consolidated and funded national debt - the federal government's consolidation and assumption of states' debtsDID NOT BALANCE THE FEDERAL BUDGET
question
The doctrine of Nullification posited that
answer
an individual state had the right to nullify federal laws within its own borders
question
The only treaty between the US and a foreign power during the 1790s that was seen as a success, and thus did not spark the usual political controversy, was
answer
The Pinckney Treaty
question
Which of the following best describes Americans reactions to the progress of the French Revolution in the early 1790s?
answer
Mixed, with Federalists concerned about the implications of the Revolution and Democratic-Republicans generally supportive of the movement
question
Which of the following groups would have been least likely to support the Federalists during the 1790s?
answer
Southern farmers
question
The Indian Trade and Intercourse Acts were intended to accomplish the
answer
regulation of trade and land sales to or from Indians, essentially to create a separate "Indian country"
question
The Democratic-Replublicans drew their leadership primarily from the political elites of which state?
answer
Virginia
question
________ were the candidates for the presidency in 1796, the first actual contested presidential election for the United States
answer
Thomas Jefferson and John Adams
question
Tecumseh and the Prophet were members of which Indian nation?
answer
Shawnee
question
After the election of 1800, the Federalists still retained power in in which branch(es) of the federal government?
answer
Judicial
question
Which of the following, according to Thomas Jefferson's ideology, was essential to preserving the moral basis of good citizenship in the American republic?
answer
Territorial expansion and settlement of new lands by small farmers
question
The 1803 Supreme Court decision that established the principle of judicial review was in the case of:
answer
Marbury v. Madison
question
All of the following were significant outcomes of the War of 1812
answer
- James Madison's reversal of his earlier political beliefs and his advocacy of activist governmental policies in the war's aftermath - the British were finally removed from interior regions, opening the way for American expansion into the West -greater measure of respect for the U.S among members of the international community - a renewed surge of nationalism and patriotism that had significant cultural implicationsNOT THE CESSATION OF HOSTILITIES B/W WHITE AMERICAN SETTLERS AND NATIVES IN AL AND MI
question
The Hartford Convention was
answer
a gathering of disgruntled New England Federalists that issued protests against the war and southern influence in the federal government
question
The United Sates purchased the Louisiana Territory from which European power?
answer
France
question
The commanding officer of the American forces at the Battle of New Orleans was:
answer
Andrew Jackson
question
Which of the following best describes "Jeffersonian Democracy"?
answer
A style of politics that valued popular opinion and grassroots organization
question
Jefferson's plan to coerce Great Britain into stopping its interference with American ships and sailors revolved primarily around:
answer
an embargo on foreign trade
question
All of the following influenced James Madison's decision to ask Congress for a declaration of war in 1812
answer
- political pressure exerted by the pro-war faction of his own party - the refusal of the British government to recognize America's neutrality in the Napoleonic wars - his belief that the British were responsible for Indian violence in the WestNOT SLAVEHOLDING REPUBLICANS' DESIRE TO ANNEX BRITISH COLONIES IN THE CARIBBEAN
question
Thomas Jefferson, on assuming the presidency in 1801, implemented policies that
answer
cut the size of the army and navy and eliminated many existing taxes
question
Which of the following best describes Democratic-Republican land policy during the Jefferson administration?
answer
Supportive; it lowered the minimum amount required for purchase to facilitate small farmers' ability to acquire western lands
question
_____ developed the first dictionary of the English language that codified the American idiom, emphasizing the differences between American English and English as spoken by the British
answer
Noah Webster
question
The Senate's refusal to convict the Federalist Supreme Court justice Samuel Chase after he was impeached signaled that
answer
political partisanship, even by judges, could no longer be viewed as criminal
question
During the early 1800s, the United States found itself facing foreign policy difficulties stemming from warfare in Europe primarily between which two countries
answer
Great Britain and France
question
Nationalists like Henry Clay promoted an economic plan known as the "American system", which included all of the following
answer
-Developing national economic institutions (i.e. a bank) - An active role in the nation's economy for the federal government - Protective tariffs to promote growth in domestic in domestic manufacturing - Federal support for internal improvements
question
The reform movement that attracted the most support in terms of both numbers and publicity was the
answer
temperance movement
question
The Monroe Doctrine declared that
answer
the United States would not allow future colonization in Latin America by European nations
question
The Supreme Court case that established the supremacy of a corporation's contract rights over those of an individual state was
answer
Dartmouth v. Woodward
question
Before the Market Revolution, the cheapest and easiest method of moving people and goods over long distances was via
answer
water
question
The Erie Canal linked the eastern and western portions of which state?
answer
New York
question
The American Colonization Society advocated
answer
colonizing fred slaves (and free blacks) in Africa
question
The largest and most well-known construction project during the turnpike era in the U.S. was the
answer
Cumberland Road
question
One of the principal reasons for the influx of Irish immigrants into the US during the 1840s was
answer
a significant famine in Ireland that lasted for years
question
Railroads proved a superior form of transportation to canals for all of the following reasons
answer
- They were faster than canal boats - They were not dependent on waterways for their terminus - They did not freeze over during the winterNOT CHEAPER
question
The text of the first successful telegraph message sent by Samuel F. B. Morse read
answer
" What hath God wrought?"
question
The cotton gin charged Southern agriculture by
answer
allowing for the profitable cultivation of cotton in various types of soil and terrain, paving the way for cotton's expansion
question
The two religious denominations that became the largest in the U.S. as a result of the Second Great Awakening were the
answer
Baptists and Methodists
question
All of the following were provisions of the Missouri Compromise legislation passed by Congress in 1820
answer
- Missouri would enter the Union with slavery, as it presently existed in the state, intact - the balance of free and slave states in Congress would be maintained - Maine would enter the Union as a free state - Slavery would be prohibited north of 36'30' north latitudeNOTHING TO DO WITH SLAVES BEING FREED AFTER A CERTAIN AGE
question
Which of the following was not a change associated with the Market Revolution?
answer
The weakening of slavery as a system of labor and social control
question
The central theological idea that infused the Second Great Awakening was
answer
that one could be saved by acceptance of one's sinful nature and their willingness to "perfect" themselves and their communities
question
The founder of the Church of Jesus Christ and Latter-Day Saints (the Mormons) was
answer
Joseph Smith
question
_________ was the editor of The Liberator; his unyielding moral condemnation of slavery and advocacy of immediate emancipation transformed the abolitionist movement
answer
William Lloyd Garrison
question
In 1848, the town of Seneca Falls, New York, hosted a convention centered around which reform movement?
answer
Women's Rights
question
Which of the following was a principal economic accomplishment of the Second Bank of the United States?
answer
The regulation and centralization of paper currency
question
All of the following factors led to the rise of a new kind of politics in the 1820s and 1830s
answer
-The development of political parties and mass political styles - the polarization of public opinion following the presidential of 1824 - the boom-and-bust cycle of the economy convinced many Americans that the federal government ought to be more responsive to their needs - the expansion of the franchise to larger and larger numbers of male votersNOT THE REVISION OF STATE CONSTITUTIONS
question
The Second Party System is the label for this period's political competition between which two parties?
answer
Jacksonians and Whigs
question
Which of the following best describes the Jacksonians' strategy in the campaign for the presidential election of 1826?
answer
Mass rallies, hoopia, and scandalous personal attacks on their opponents
question
In the presidential election of 1824, all of the candidates claimed they were members of which political party?
answer
Democratic-Republican
question
In the post-Revolutionary era of the American republic, the right of suffrage was exercised almost exclusively by
answer
property owning white males over 21 years of age
question
The group whose economic situation was hurt most by the Panic of 1819 was
answer
southern and wester farmers
question
Prominent members of the Whig party included all of the following
answer
- William Henry Harrison - John Quincy Adams - Daniel Webster - Henry ClayNOT MARTIN VAN BUREN
question
The concept of "Nullification" refer
answer
the power of a state to reject any federal law it deemed unconstitutional
question
The phrase "corrupt bargain" is associated with which development of this era?
answer
The accusation that Henry Clay provided decisive support to J.Q. Adams for the presidency in exchange for appointment as Secretary of State
question
After he was reelected in 1832, Jackson decided to crush the Bank of the Unites States, even though it still had four years remaining on its charter, by
answer
withdrawing all federal monies from the nack and the-depositing them in selected state banks
question
Which of the following was the name given to Jackson's principle of "rotation in office" - the filling of government jobs with loyal supporters?
answer
The "spoils system"
question
The anonymous author of South Carolina's Exposition and Protest against the protective tariff was
answer
John Calhoun
question
The director of the Bank of the United States, and Jackson's nemesis during the Bank War, was
answer
Nicholas Biddle
question
Which of the following best descries Andrew Jackson's policies toward Native American peoples?
answer
Forced relocation from their ancestral lands to government created reservation
question
The principal event that led, more than any other issue, to the emergence of the Whig opposition was
answer
the veto of the Bank's recharter
question
Which of the following best describes Andrew Jackson's response to South Carolina during the Nullification Crisis?
answer
Opposition; he declared the Union was perpetual and federal authority paramount
question
Which of the following groups tended to be most attracted to the Democrats during the 1830s and 1840s?
answer
Farmer and workers
question
All of the following were factors that contributed to the Panic of 1819
answer
- a rapid decline in the assessed values of land - a drop in the demand for, and price of, cotton in international markets - over speculation in western lands - easy credit terms, leading to financial overextensionNOT SMALL AMOUNT OF CURRENCY IN CIRCULATION
question
Andrew Jackson was from which state?
answer
Tennessee
question
The Tariff of 1828 was commonly referred to as the
answer
"tariff of abominations"
question
Who were the '48ers?
answer
German immigrants and dissidents fleeing a failed revolution
question
More than half of the 500,000 free people of color in the U.S in 1860 lived in
answer
northern cities
question
The largest US city was
answer
New York
question
The best selling book of the antebellum period was
answer
Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin
question
Which of the following phrases is most closely associated with white southerners' defense of slavery after the 1830s?
answer
"Positive good"
question
Most white southerners were
answer
yeomen farmers
question
The term that describes a racial and ethnic identity that differentiated immigrant groups and proclaimed the superiority of native-born Americans was
answer
nativism
question
A large majority of slaves in the South worked in which type of labor?
answer
Agricultural
question
The first separate African American religious denomination, founded in the 1790s, was the
answer
African Methodist Episcopal Church
question
The vast majority of those white southerners who were slaveholders claimed ownership of how many slaves?
answer
5 or fewer
question
Southern whites responded to _________'s 1831 slave rebellion in Southampton County, Virginia, with a significantly more militant defense of slavery
answer
Nat Turner
question
Which of the following terms described a black slave responsible for supervising other slaves in the fields?
answer
Slavedriver
question
Which of the following was most important in the formation of slave culture in the South?
answer
Both religion and family
question
Which of the following was the least common manifestation of slave resistance in the Old South?
answer
Large-scale revolt
question
After escaping slavery in Maryland, _____ became a prominent abolitionist and the most well-known African American in the US
answer
Frederick Douglass
question
_______ was a populat form of entertainment in the North, especially rural areas, that involved lectures by members of such groups as the Transcendentalists, socialists, feminists, and other reformers
answer
The Lyceum
question
Immigrants into the North before the Civil War included significant numbers from all of the following except
answer
Russians
question
Which proportion of southern whites claimed ownership of slaves?
answer
less than one-quarter
question
All fo the following were leisure activities frequently engaged in by Americans in the nineteenth century
answer
- going to the theatre - attending public sporting events -reading novels and poetry - attending minstrel shows
question
Which of the following best describes the image southern planters preferred to hold of themselves?
answer
Paternalistic aristocrats holding sway over their personal "kingdoms"
question
Which of the following reflected the resurgent nationalism and civic pride felt by most Americans in the War of 1812
answer
- The prominence of patriotic themes in the works of atrists like Jonathan Trumbull - The appearance of surfeit of patriotic songs in popular culture - The poems and ditties of the "Hartford Wits" - The rise of a new architectural method that revived Roman classical traditions
question
In 1803-1804, a group of dissatisfied Federalists reacted to the political developments of Jefferson's presidency by
answer
plotting New York and New England's secession from the Union
question
Which of the following best describes the US military performance during the War of 1812?
answer
Mostly unsuccessful, beset by problems with finances, organization and repeated battlefield defeats
question
The Treaty of Ghent ended hostilities in the War of 1812 and
answer
failed to resolve any of the issues over which the war had begun
question
In the presidential election o 1800, there was a tie in the Electoral College vote between
answer
Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr