american government – Flashcards

maintaining order, public goods, promoting equality

order and equality

freedom vs. order

freedom vs. equality

They are not specific as to what they are about, things have changed.

Conservatives and Liberals

group that favors change and allows for the expansion of government

those who are willing to use government to promote order but not equality

those who are opposed to using government to promote either order or equality

system of policy making in which those with a numerical majority hold authority.

an interpretation of democracy in which government by the people is taken to mean government by people operating through competing interest groups

a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them

applying to methods of enforcement and rules of procedure

A view of democracy that classifies political regimes in regard to the outcomes that they produce.

The concept that everyone in a democracy should participate in governmental decision making.

the right to participate in politics equally, based on the principle of "one person, one vote"

the doctrine that the numerical majority of an organized group can make decisions binding on the whole group

A system of government in which citizens elect representatives, or leaders, to make decisions about the laws for all the people.

responsive to stimulation

a principle of traditional democratic theory that guarantees rights to those who do not belong to majorities and allows that they might join majorities through persuasion and reasoned argument

The classical theory of democracy in which government by the people is interpreted as government by the majority of the people.

an interpretation of democracy in which government by the people is taken to mean government by people operating through competing interest groups

a government in which a central authority controls the running of a state.

A government where the power is spread more along the citizens, so the people are as in control as the ruler

set up a federal system, in which political authority was divided between the national government and the state governments. Provided a separation of power between the legislative, judicial, and executive branches of government

a written agreement ratified in 1781 by the thirteen original states

The belief that people are free and equal by natural right, and that this in turn requires that all people give their consent to be governed; espoused by John Locke and influential in the writing of the declaration of independence.

a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them

a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them

this conflict in Massachusetts caused many to criticize the Articles of Confederation and admit the weak central government was not working; uprising led by Daniel Shays in an effort to prevent courts from foreclosing on the farms of those who could not pay the taxes

the convention of United States statesmen who drafted the United States Constitution in 1787

Virginia delegate James Madison's plan of government, in which states got a number of representatives in Congress based on their population

Opposite of the Virginia Plan, it proposed a single-chamber congress in which each state had one vote. This created a conflict with representation between bigger states, who wanted control befitting their population, and smaller states, who didn't want to be bullied by larger states.

said that congress would be comprised of two houses - the senate would have two senators for each state and the house of representatives would be based on population

Republicanism, Federalism, Separation of Powers, Checks and Balances.

the powers explicitly given to Congress in the Constitution.

Powers not specifically mentioned in the constitution

Constitutional clause that gives congress the power to make all laws "necessary and proper" for executing its powers

The clause in the Constitution (Article I, Section 8, Clause 1) that gives Congress the power to regulate all business activities that cross state lines or affect more than one state or other nations.

U.S. citizen, certain age, no criminal record, etc.

the officer who holds the supreme command

Power enumerated to Congress to check the President's power and Commander-in-Chief

the highest federal court in the United States

constitutional declaration (Article VI) that the Constitution and laws made under its provisions are the greatest law of the land

supporters of the constitution

people who opposed the Constitution

a series of essays defending and explaining the constitution

First 10 amendments of the Const. 1st 9 limited Congress' Power, the 10th gave states the power to make laws not included in the Constitution.

An amendment to the Constitution may be proposed if 2/3 of the members of Congress or 2/3 of state legislatures vote for it. The amendment may then be added to the Constitution by a 3/4 vote of state legislatures, or special state conventions elected for that purpose.

Case in which the supreme court first asserted th power of Judicial review in finding that the congressional statue expanding the Court's original jurisdiction was unconstitutional

a system in which power is divided between the national and state governments

the act of forming an alliance or confederation

characterized by or constituting a form of government in which power is held by one central authority

Power is divided between National and State governments.

A system of government in which both the states and the national government remain supreme within their own spheres, each responsible for some policies.

A system of government in which powers and policy assignments are shared between states and the national government. They may also share costs, administration, and even blame for programs that work poorly.

To make our states safe.

Keep our jobs and unions safe.

1995 - The Commerce Clause of the Constitution does not give Congress the power to prohibit mere possession of a gun near a school, because gun possession by itself is not an economic activity that affects interstate commerce even indirectly.

gun possession

methods of restricting a person's freedom of movement, physical activity, or normal access to his or her body

1819, Cheif justice john marshall limits of the US constition and of the authority of the federal and state govts. one side was opposed to establishment of a national bank and challenged the authority of federal govt to establish one. supreme court ruled that power of federal govt was supreme that of the states and the states couldnt interfere

the belief that an individual state may restrict federal authority

formal separation from an alliance or federation

the states'-rights doctrine that a state can refuse to recognize or to enforce a federal law passed by the United States Congress

loss of power for federalist governments.

United States slave who sued for liberty after living in a non-slave state

government didn't get all the power it wanted, some went to states.

terms set by the national government that states must meet whether or not they accept federal grants

..., the idea of a federal organization of more or less self-governing units

a belief or sentiment shared by most people

the adoption of the behavior patterns of the surrounding culture

sampling that uses the laws of probability to select and evaluate the results of an audit sample, thereby permitting the auditor to quantify the sampling risk for the purpose of reaching a conclusion about the population

yes

Direction of skewness is named after where tail extends (location of extreme observation) -Negatively skewed = tail to left (think: left foot/only a few low scores -Positively skewed = tail to right (think: right foot/only a few high scores)

Some distributions have two or more peaks. This indicates that the data comes from two or more distinct populations.

personal opinions

group opinions (community)

the process by which people gain their political attitudes and opinions

what is learned first is learned best

what is learned first structures later learning

Family, School, Peers, Media, Workplace, Religion/Church

organizations that transmit political values to individuals based on a common goal.

to see how you were brought up to understand different subjects and matters.

important: the people you surround yourself with are the ones that will influence you the most.

social groups, choose which group they are in based on the way they look at things, values is what you find to be important and opinions is how you feel about a matter.

Well informed

government efforts to redistribute wealth

yes, very well.

how much freedom citizens should give up for order

pluralism relies on a decentralized gov structure

Elite theory describes a government that operates in an undemocratic fashion.

decentralization of power

each citizen is represented by a group

no power was given to the national government to tax which made the national government dependent on the states.

political equality of citizens

.Korean war..

social equality

the senate

referendum

pluralist

C. Minority Rule

B. In cooperative dualism, states' rights is of primary importance.

C. Pluralist

C. The national government only has limited powers.

B. 5th Amend

C. The establishment clause

A. Set the precedent of judicial review

A. The military

C. Guarantees the principle of stare decisis

pluralist

A. Free speech allows criticism of public figures, even if the criticism is outrageous and offensive. .

They should apply for a block grant which is awarded for specific purposes.

B. Hyperbolic

conventional participation

normal

initiative

normal

C. Traditional political parties

B.. School

social class

D. All of the above.

normal

socioeconomic status

b. Television viewers learn to identify candidates for public office visually rather than by their positions on the issues.

b. The tendency of the south to vote solidly Democratic before the middle part of t

voting

C. Voting