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aging-in-place

answer

Elderly people that remain in the same home and community even after their health declines

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Planned housing

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Governmental agencies and others have planned low income or age segregated housing for older adults

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Independent housing

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most common type of elder housing; homeowners/renters

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Continuous care retirement communities

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provides a continuum of living options from independent living, enriched living, assisted living and skilled nursing home all in one campus

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Nursing home

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Custodial care for people who cannot live on their own

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Eden Alternative

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A paradigm for nursing home care that encourages active participation by residents and greater staff decision-making. It emphasizes the "home" aspect of nursing home

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Assisted living

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A housing model aimed at elders who need assistance with personal care (e.g., bathing, taking medication) but who are not so physically or cognitively impaired as to need 24-hour attention

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Medicaid waivers

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exceptions to state medicaid rules that allow use of medicaid funds for services that are traditionally not covered by medicaid such as chore services and home care

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Adult foster care

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Also called adult family homes, housing options that provide an alternative to nursing homes for adults who do not need 24-hour care.

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Home health care

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Provides nursing, therapy, personal care, or housekeeping services in patient's own home

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Adult day care

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A program for impaired adults that attempts to meet their health, social, and functional needs in a setting away from their homes.

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Universal design

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A user-friendly approach to design in the living environment where people of any culture, age, size, weight, race, gender, and ability can experience an environment that promotes their health, safety, and welfare today and in the future.

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Productive aging

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any paid or unpaid activity that produces goods and services for the benefit of society- such as household tasks, child care, volunteerism, and contributing to family and neighbors, and which reciprocally benefits both elders and society

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Social security

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(FDR) 1935, guaranteed retirement payments for enrolled workers beginning at age 65; set up federal-state system of unemployment insurance and care for dependent mothers and children, the handicapped, and public health

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Age Discrimination in Employment Act

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This federal law was created to protect workers age 45 and over from denial of employment strictly because of age

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Pensions

answer

payments made to employees after they have retired, similar to a retirement plan; regulated by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA)

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Defined benefit pension

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plan in which the company promises to pay a certain annual amount (defined benefit) to the employee after retirement. The company bears the investment risk of the plan assets

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Supplemental Security Income

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A federal program that provides a minimum income to seniors and the disabled who do not qualify for social security.

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Spirituality

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An awareness of one's inner self and a sense of higher connection to a higher being, nature, or some purpose greater than oneself. (Seeking to find understanding; can be more than just a belief in God.)

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Civic engagement

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a sense of concern among members of the political community about public, social, and political life, expressed through participation in social and political organizations

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Civic ventures

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provides guidance to elders seeking civic engagement opportunities and awards innovators and agencies working for common good

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Experience Corps

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sponsors school-based programs where older adults work one-on-one with children, create before and after school programs, and receive a modest stipend for their service

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Senior Companion Program

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trains low income adults age 60 and over to support their peers who are frail and disabled. in order to help them remain as independent as possible. (example stroke victim now handicapped and suffering from depression)

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Foster grandparents

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A volunteer program pairing seniors with children with special needs

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Elderhostel

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an education-travel program that offers people age 55 and older special learning experiences at universities and other locations across the US and around the world

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Generations united

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a national intergenerational coalition of over 30 organizations, including AARP, the Child Welfare League, and the Children's Defense Fund

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Ethnicity

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A social division based on national origin, religion, language, and often race.

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Culture

answer

Beliefs, customs, and traditions of a specific group of people.

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Ethnogerontology

answer

study of causes, processes, and consequences of race, national origin, and culture on individual and population aging

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Double Jeopardy Hypothesis

answer

the hypothesis that aging persons of color are in jeopardy in our society due both to growing old and their racial status

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Crossover Effect

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the lower death rates among African Americans, APIs, and American Indians after age 75

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Health care disparities

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differences in the quality of health care provided to different populations

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Law of primogeniture

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Common law that established the birthright of the oldest son to inherit the family estate.

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Cultural competence

answer

An understanding of how a patient's cultural background shapes his beliefs, values, and expectations for therapy.

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Gendered nature of the life course

answer

ways in which gender, which is socially constructed, influences women's care giving, employment, income and retirement a cross the life course

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Dependent care credits

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a credit based on the taxpayer's cost of caring for dependents either under age 13 or physically or mentally unable to care for themselves

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Earnings sharing

answer

proposed change in Social Security whereby each partner in a marriage is entitled to a separate Social Security account, regardless of employment status

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Entitlement programs

answer

Government benefits that certain qualified individuals are entitled to by law, regardless of need.

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Age-based entitlement programs

answer

programs only available to people of a certain age

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Need based entitlement programs

answer

social programs delivered to persons who meet defined criteria of eligibility based on economic need or the ability to pay for benefits

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Direct benefits

answer

monetary employee benefits (cash)

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Indirect benefits

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nonmonetary employee benefits such as health care and paid vacations

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Contributory plans

answer

programs providing benefits that require the beneficiary to contribute something toward the cost of the benefit

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Noncontributory plan

answer

retirement plan funded entirely by contributions from the employer

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Universal benefits

answer

benefits available as a social right to all persons belonging to a designated group

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Selective benefits

answer

Goods (such as information publications, travel discounts, and group insurance rates) that a group can restrict to those who pay their annual dues.

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Cost-of-living-adjustments

answer

an adjustment in wage rate paid to employees based on the consumer price index

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Privatization of social security

answer

individuals should control their own retirement accounts & be permitted to make specific decisions about how the account should be invested. people are allowed to invest some portion of the social security taxes they pay in private stock market accounts.

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Private pensions

answer

The major source of nongovernmental income support for retirees, in which the individual worker and the employer put a portion of each paycheck into an account to help finance retirement

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Title XX

answer

(for the social services Block Grant) funding for social services (e.g. homemaking chores, adult day care) based on need, not age

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Older Americans Act of 1965

answer

federal legislation to improve the lives of elders

question

Area Agencies on Aging

answer

offices on aging at the regional and local levels that plan and administer services to meet the needs of older adults within that area; established and partially funded through the Older Americans Act

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Politics of entitlement

answer

political preferences, especially as applied to elders, for the allocation of resources based on the view of older persons as needy, worthy, and deserving of public support

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Politics of productivity

answer

political preferences for the allocation of resources based on the diversity of the aging population: well-off, poor, capable of continued productive work, or ill or disabled

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Intergenerational inequity

answer

the view that one generation or age-group receives benefits that are disproportional to those received by another, or are at the expense of other generations

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Generational investment

answer

investments made by one generation for the benefit of another, such as the payment of Social Security taxes by the working population for the benefit of retirees, the services provided by older persons for child care, and the payment of property taxes to benefit school children

question

Medicare

answer

A federal program of health insurance for persons 65 years of age and older

question

Medicare Part A

answer

The part of the Medicare program that pays for hospitalization, care in a skilled nursing facility, home health care, and hospice care.

question

Medicare Part B

answer

-Pays for hospital outpatient physician and other professional services including OT services provided by independent practitioner

question

Medicare Part D

answer

Medicare prescription drug reimbursement plans

question

Medicaid

answer

A public assistance program designed to provide healthcare to poor Americans. (Compare to Medicare)

question

Medicaid spend down

answer

seniors or disabled people whose incomes exceed the medicaid limit qualify if their medical bills equal or are greater than their 'excess' income

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Medigap supplemental insurance

answer

private supplemental insurance to help with the catastrophic costs of intensive care, numerous test, or extended hospitalization

question

Long term care insurance

answer

Insurance coverage that provides a daily monetary benefit to people who are chronically ill and who require living assistance either at home or in a residential facility

question

Health Maintenance Organizations

answer

group insurance that entitles members to services of participating hospitals and clinics and physicians

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Caregiving

answer

informal and unpaid care provided to a dependent person by family members, other relatives, or friends

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Objective burden

answer

daily physical demands and behavioral phenomena of caregiving

question

Subjective burden

answer

the caregiver's experience of caregiver burden; differential appraisal of stress, feelings

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Sandwich generation

answer

Group of people who are caring for both their parents and their children.

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Family and Medical Leave Act

answer

Passed after concluded proper child-raising,family stability, & job security require that employees get reasonable work leave for family, & medical reasons

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National family caregiver supply program

answer

prog provides a means of addressing the nation's growing needs of caregivers

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Elder mistreatment

answer

includes abuse, neglect, exploitation or abandonment of older patients. Depression, dementia, and malnutrition are independent risk factors.

question

Elder neglect

answer

acts of omission in the care and treatment of the elderly

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Self neglect

answer

Failure to provide for the self because of lack of ability, or lack of awareness, most common type of mistreatment

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Respite care

answer

A type of temporary health or medical care provided either by paid workers who come to the home or by a nursing facility where a patient stays to give a caregiver a short rest.

question

The dying process

answer

pain, delirium, terminal restlessness, dyspnea and noisy respirations, nausea and vomiting, constipation, anorexia, fatigue are the signs, this is what elderly adults are most scared for, not actual death

question

Dying person's bill of rights

answer

affirms a person's right to dignity, privacy, informed participation, and competent care

question

Palliative care

answer

Care designed not to treat an illness but to provide physical and emotional comfort to the patient and support and guidance to his or her family.

question

Hospice care

answer

Dying patients at home or in-patient, Nurses, Social Workers, Chaplains, Volunteers, Doctors, (PT and OT is optional), Medicare and Medicaid require that at least 80% of hospice care be provided at home, Eligibility for reimbursement includes: Medicare eligibility, certification by physician for terminal illness (less than or equal to 6 months of life)

question

Hastened death

answer

It means ending one's life earlier than would have happened without intervention. It involves speeding up the dying process, which can entail withholding or withdrawing treatment or life support.

question

Informed consent

answer

A written agreement to participate in a study made by an adult who has been informed of all the risks that participation may entail.

question

Passive euthanasia

answer

A situation in which a seriously ill person is allowed to die naturally, through the cessation of medical intervention

question

Active euthanasia

answer

A situation in which someone takes action to bring about another person's death, with the intention of ending that person's suffering.

question

Assisted suicide

answer

Providing a seriously ill person with the means to commit suicide.

question

Advance directive

answer

A DNR order; instructions written in advance of an event

question

Living will

answer

A document that indicates what medical intervention an individual wants if he or she becomes incapable of expressing those wishes.

question

Patient self determination act

answer

A federal law passed in 1990 that requires hospitals and other health care providers to provide written information to patients regarding their rights under state law to make medical decisions and execute advance directives.

question

Uniform health care decision act

answer

Promotes autonomous decision making by acknowledging individuals' right to make health care decision in all circumstances

question

Durable power of attorney

answer

a legal agreement that allows an agent or representative of the patient to act on behalf of the patient

question

Medical power of attorney

answer

gives another person the power to make healthcare decisions for you if you can't

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Guardianship

answer

occurs when someone legally has the authority to make decisions for and care for and control all of the property of someone

question

Compassion and Choices

answer

formed in 2005 when several national end-of-life organizations; merged to become the largest and most comprehensive organization of its type.

question

Bereavement

answer

Loss, due to death, of someone to whom one feels close and the process of adjustment to the loss

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Widowhood

answer

A label applied to both men and women who survive the death of a spouse

question

Elders in suburban communities

answer

are likely to have higher income, better functional health, not live alone, and lower access to public transportation

question

percent of the population age 65 and over occupied a nursing home.

answer

4-5%

question

Older people are more likely than any other age group

answer

to occupy houses that they own free of a mortgage

question

Mandatory retirement age in the U.S.

answer

none

question

A person aged 65-74 with income of >$40,000, and in a rural community is most likely to live

answer

in their own home

question

The average Social Security benefit is about

answer

$955 per month

question

The most common type of housing for older adults is

answer

traditional independent housing as 93% of those 65 and older live in such housing.

question

The timing of retirement is affected by

answer

adequate retirement income, family and gender roles, ethnic and minority status

question

72% of nursing home clients are

answer

women

question

Employment Retirement Income Security Act

answer

enacted in 1974 to strengthen private pensions by being the first comprehensive effort to reform them

question

Older persons in rural areas interact more with neighbors and friends than do those in

answer

urban settings

question

The percentage of men 65+ who are remaining in the workforce today, compared to the 1950s is

answer

lower

question

Females who serve as family caregivers usually report lower levels of

answer

depression and anxiety, and higher life satisfaction than do their male counterparts.

question

Caregiver stress is increased by

answer

the availability of formal services

question

Over 80% of older adults with limitations in three or more activities of daily living are able to

answer

live in the community, primarily because of informal assistance

question

Widowed women are more likely than widowed men to

answer

experience financial hardships

question

Adults daughters typically provide more

answer

direct care for older parents than do adult sons

question

Older widows are generally worse off than widowers in terms of

answer

finances, years of education, legal problems, and prospects of marriage

question

African American caregivers

answer

ethnic groups is least likely to report stress, burden, and depression in the caregiver role

question

Over 80% of respondents in Gallup polls believe that ill patients should be able to

answer

request that doctors terminate treatment

question

Indian Health Service (IHS)

answer

A federal program that provides health care for Native Americans and Alaskans of all ages through hospitals and community clinics

question

This is the poorest group among older adults

answer

Older women of color

question

American indians

answer

may have the poorest health of all older adults due, in part, to inadequate housing conditions and the isolation of many of their communities.

question

A major reason that some Hispanics do not seek out social services such as Social Security or Medicare is

answer

they may have been illegal immigrants

question

Although African Americans are the largest population of color, only about

answer

8% of them are over age 65, compared to 15% of the white population

question

Older American Indian elders who live in urban areas tend to have

answer

better health than those on reservations

question

Women are les likely than men to

answer

receive private pensions

question

Today, ethnic minorities comprise ___ of the population over age 65

answer

17%

question

Women comprise over

answer

70% of the nursing home population

question

A major source of social and emotional support for African Americans, outside of family, is

answer

the church

question

Among older women, the risk of poverty is greatest among

answer

women of color

question

the major reason that older women have less access to group health insurance of their own is because they

answer

were less likely to be employed when they were young

question

The average age of widowhood for women is ___ years

answer

59

question

In 2007, over 33% of federal spending went toward

answer

senior benefits

question

On average, Social Security's older recipients receive about ___ percent of their working income

answer

40%

question

Social Security payroll taxes have risen from a combined 3% on employer and employees in the 1950s to

answer

12.4% now

question

New proposals to privatize Social Security are characterized by

answer

expectations that individuals can invest more wisely then the government

question

Which of the following statements is true about the funding of the current long-term care system

answer

It focuses on acute care and is dominated by institutional care.

question

Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits the population on a(n) ___ basis.

answer

noncontributory

question

societal values have influenced the development of public policy for aging Americans

answer

Individual welfare is the person's own responsibility, The community should help with individual welfare, Citizens are universally entitled to have their needs met.

question

Medigap policies fill which of the following gaps in Medicare coverage

answer

items and services not covered by medicare

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