abnormal psyc301final – Flashcards

Regarding the definition of abnormality, it is correct to state that

According to the authors of your textbook, the definition of a psychological disorder is associated with

Recent evidence regarding genetic influence on most psychological disorders has shown that

Extremely high levels of GABA are associated with

Some of the most recent research studies regarding genetic versus environmental causes of disorders in animals and humans have suggested

Research with the elderly has found that depression is more likely in those individuals who

The basis of the multidimensional integrative approach to understanding psychopathology is that each dimension (psychological biological, emotional, etc.)

Which of the following describes the concept of validity as it applies to psychological assessment?

The advantage of using a withdrawal design as part of a single-case experiment is that the researcher can

In a mental status exam, it is important to determine if the individual's sensorium is clear and if he or she is "oriented times three." This refers to

Abnormalities in the structure and functioning of the brain can be detected by neuroimaging techniques. Current research is also looking at

A researcher is testing the effects of sunlight on depression. The independent variable is

Statistical significance determines whether an observed difference between a treatment and control group is likely due to

In a mental status exam, a psychologist evaluates an individual's thought processes by

A researcher studies the impact of stress on college students' exam scores. Whether the results of this study help us to understandthe relationship between job performance and stress levels of real-life organizational workers is a question of

Someone you know has been having a lot of difficulty because of irrational fears. Knowing that you are studying abnormal psychology, this person asks if you know of an effective and well-established treatment. You advise her that ________, based on the mid 20th century work of Joseph Wolpe, is a successful nxiety reduction procedure.

The scientific study of psychological disorders is called

If a psychological disorder is said to have an acute onset, it means that the symptoms developed

The systematic development of a scientific approach to psychopathology is represented by

The best description of the multidimensional integrative approach to understanding psychopathology is that it is based on

Neurotransmitters are important because they

Research studies have shown that genetically emotional and reactive young animals raised by calm mothers tended to be

The part of the autonomic nervous system primarily responsible for our " emergency" or "alarm" response to stress is the

The victims of the disorder bulimia nervosa are predominantly young females. One likely explanation for this is that young females are

Most psychological disorders appear to be influenced by many individual genes rather than caused by one single gene, a type of influence referred to as

The most recent estimates of the contribution of genetics to the development of personality characteristics such as shyness or activity level are approximately __________ percent

Drugs that increase the activity of a neurotransmitter are called

The neurotransmitter associated with the inhibition of anxiety is

Emotion is generally thought to be comprised of

In the 1992 studies conducted by Baxter et al., in one of the groups, OCD patients were provided with cognitive-behavioral therapy (exposure and response prevention) but no drugs. This study is important because brain imaging showed that

A rat is placed in a cage and given electrical shocks, over which it has no control. When placed in a shuttle box, the rat does not attempt to escape the shock due to

The systematic evaluation of psychological, biological, and social factors in a person with a possible mental disorder is known as clinical

When a diagnosis tells the clinician what is likely to happen and possibly predict the course of the disorder and the likely effect of one treatment or another, the diagnosis has

The basic components of informed consent are

When observational data are being collected, the observer's presence may cause a person to behave differently, a phenomenon known as

The ABCs of observation refer to the ___________ sequence

A researcher is studying how depression tends to be experienced by people of different ages. The researcher interviews depressed adolescents, young adults, individuals in their 30s and 50s, and those over 70. The research design being used is called

Adoption studies are often used when attempting to study the influence of genetic factors on psychological disorders because these studies allow examination of genetic influences of psychopathology

The advantage of using a withdrawal design as part of a single-case experiment is that the researcher can

While trying to discover the nature of the relationship between stress and blood pressure, a researcher asks participants to complete a difficult task. The researcher monitors the participants' blood pressure while some are exposed to noisy distractions and others stay in a quiet environment. This type of research is a(n)

As a child's age increases, so does her height. This is an example of a(n)

Using the multi-axial system of DSM-IV-TR, disorders such as major depressive episodes, anxiety disorders, and learning disorders are coded on

The terms taxonomy and nosology refer to

DSM-IV-TR is based on a ________ classification system.

Internal validity is defined as

While studying the impact of nutrition on intelligence, a researcher has one group of rats on a vitamin-rich diet while the other rat group eats Big Macs. While observing the rats run a complicated maze, the researcher notes that the vitamin-enhanced rats' maze is more brightly lit than the Big Mac rats' maze. The difference in lighting in this study is a(n)

The classical categorical approach to diagnosis assumes that each person with a particular disorder will

The dimensional approach to diagnosis is characterized by

A researcher is testing the effects of sunlight on depression. The independent variable is

Analog models

Which of the following characterizes the mood state known as anxiety? Answer

The alarm reaction to danger that is triggered by anxiety primarily involves the ________ nervous system.

Which of the following is an accurate statement about anxiety?

Which of the following terms is most associated with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)?

During lecture, I emphasized one DSM criterion that occurs in all the anxiety disorders; which of the following is the best answer?

Of the three types of panic attacks, which one is required to meet DSM criteria for a Panic Disorder?

What Specific Phobia appears to have a greater genetic vulnerability?

One treatment variable appears to be a necessary component of most, if not all, treatment approaches for anxiety disorders. What is it? Answer

In terms of prevalence, anxiety disorders are most common in:

The post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) prevalence rates of U.S. veterans returning home from the war in Vietnam was directly related to their

In OCD, the compulsive behavior tends to:

The model of the etiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder in the text suggests that in order for an individual to develop OCD, ________ must be present.

Regarding pharmacological treatments for obsessive-compulsive disorder, the most effective drugs are those that inhibit the reuptake of the neurotransmitter called

The behavioral process in which OCD patients are not permitted to carry out their compulsions while in the presence of the anxiety-producing stimulus or situation is called

What happens when people with OCD attempt to neutralize or suppress disturbing, intrusive thoughts?

Recent research by Barlow (2002) and others indicates that vulnerability to anxiety disorders is related to

One symptom of depression is anhedonia, which means

Which of the following is a symptom of the mood disorder known as mania?

For children, the criteria for an MDE indicate that depressed mood may not be present; instead the child might present with _____________.

To meet criteria for an MDE, five of nine symptoms must be present. One of the five symptoms must include:

For Dysthymic Disorder, children differ from adults on one criterion. Which of the following is the best answer?

Women have a higher prevalence of major depression. However, men

Dysthymic disorder differs from major depressive disorder because people diagnosed with dysthymia have symptoms of depression that are

In comparing the length of untreated depressive episodes and untreated manic episodes, which of the following is an accurate statement?

Jack has experienced recurrent episodes of major depressive episodes. In the intervals between the episodes, he does not seem to return to "normal." In fact, during those periods, he has been diagnosed as dysthymic. Jack's condition is referred to as

Current research indicates that an imbalance of various neurotransmitters may contribute to problems of mood. It appears the neurotransmitter balance is impacted by ____________________

For men and women, genetic contributions to depression are

Women may experience higher rates of depression than men because

In terms of medication treatment for depression,

The Mood-stabilizing drug _______________ is the gold standard for the treatment of bipolar Disorder

In the treatment of depression, research indicates that

Although ECT (electroconvulsive therapy) has been a controversial issue for decades, it is an effective treatment for depression, especially when

Twin studies indicate that

The medication _____________ is favored for bipolar disorder because it appears to reduce completed suicides

Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) helps depressed patients resolve relationship problems. All of the following issues are a possible focus of IPT EXCEPT

Seligman and his colleagues conducted a course in which university students at risk for depression were taught cognitive and social problem-solving skills. Students in the study were determined to be at risk for depression based on a

A depressed young woman enters a psychologist's office for her first appointment. The therapist tells her that they will work together to recognize and correct her "negative thinking errors." The type of therapy that will be used here is called

Although the mood-stabilizing drug lithium is the preferred treatment for bipolar disorder, patient compliance has been a problem. Patients often stop taking their lithium, even though it is effective in stabilizing their moods, because they

Martin Seligman's theory that people become anxious and depressed because they believe that they have no control over the stress in their lives is informed by

For individuals who had not been previously depressed, research studies indicate that a marital separation or divorce resulted in

Which of the following statements about suicide is correct?

Statistics on suicide indicate that approximately one-quarter to one-half of all suicides are associated with

One of the challenges of Beck's cognitive therapy is that thoughts are

David Barlow and Edna Foa emphasize two different types of exposure methods in their therapy sessions. Barlow uses _____________ and Foa uses _____________.

Beck's cognitive triad consists of cognitive errors about

Mood disorders can range from mild to severe; one of the most severe is referred to as

Panic control treatment

Regarding the obsessions seen in patients with OCD, the term "need for symmetry" refers to

The treatment for OCD, "Exposure and Ritual Prevention" involves

The "Triple Vulnerability Model"includes

John avoids going to parties; when he goes, he experiences panic attacks. I am not sure if he has social phobia or if he has agoraphobia. What information could I use to make this distinction?

Edna Foa uses two kinds of exposure techniques: _______________ exposure in her therapy sessions and ___________exposure in her homework assignments

The book indicates that Neil Jacobson uses a behavioral activation approach with depressed patients. This approach has a new focus for the treatment of depression, which is

Which of the following is not a characteristic of schizophrenia?

Which of the following is accurate in regard to the long-term outlook for patients with schizophrenia?

If an individual is diagnosed as psychotic, it usually means that the person has

John is 20 years old, lives with his parents and is delusional, believing his prayers will bring world peace. He spends most of his day in his room, talks mostly about praying, and only comes out for meals. John can only be admitted to a psychiatric hospital if

Which of the following is the persecutory type of psychotic delusion?

Which of the following is NOT true about delusions?

The most common type of hallucination experienced by psychotic individuals is

Mark was diagnosed with schizophrenia many years ago. Most recently, he has been exhibiting some bizarre behaviors. For example, he has been standing for hours in unusual postures. Mark's motor dysfunction is called

In what three categories does our text group the symptoms of schizophrenia?

Delusions

The negative symptom of schizophrenia called avolition is defined as

Which of the following does NOT apply to the disorganized subtype of schizophrenia?

Callie has been diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder. This means that in addition to schizophrenic symptoms, she also has symptoms of

Which of the following symptoms would NOT constitute criteria for the residual subtype of schizophrenia?

Which of the following defines the jealous type of delusional disorder?

Which is NOT a characteristic of Delusional Disorder?

John had symptoms of schizophrenia for only several months and then he was able to resume normal activities. He would most likely get a diagnosis of

The five subtypes of schizophrenia are Catatonic Type, Paranoid Type, Residual Type, Disorganized Type and

The more severe symptoms of schizophrenia typically first occur

Which of the following is true regarding to the genetic basis of schizophrenia?

Research studies focusing on genetic factors in schizophrenia have found that

If the environment (no genetic influence) determined schizophrenia completely, what would we expect to see in a twin study?

The research on schizophrenia involving the offspring of twins indicates

Based on the various genetic linkage and association studies, one possible "marker", or endophenotype, for schizophrenia involves

Which of the following statements reflects "circumstantial evidence" for the dopamine theory of schizophrenia?

Which of the following occurs when drugs are administered to patients with schizophrenia?

Neuroleptics are most effective treating

Neuroleptics, dopamine antagonists

What is the evidence for structural damage in the brains of patients with schizophrenia?

Recent research into the causes of schizophrenia, including studies of patients with schizophrenia who had been exposed prenatally to influenza epidemics, suggests that there might be a ________ cause of schizophrenia

Which of the following statements is true?

Which of the following statements is true?

Tardive dyskinesia, a condition that can occur in patients who take antipsychotic medications,

In the 1970s, researchers set up a treatment system called a token economy in a mental health center. This type of "milieu" treatment for patients with schizophrenia focused on

An integrated approach to treatment includes all the following, EXCEPT

The primary goal of psychosocial interventions for individuals with schizophrenia is to

The two primary components of the UCLA Independent Living Skills Program are

In eating disorders, the strongest contributions to etiology are

Most severe cases of eating disorders occur in

The chief motivating factor in both anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa is

When individuals with anorexia nervosa have been evaluated over long periods of time, it has been found that the percentage of individuals who die as a result of their disorder is ____ percent

The most significant feature of bulimia nervosa is

Susan, a woman of relatively normal weight, sometimes eats huge quantities of junk food with no ability to stop herself. She follows this with long periods of complete fasting. Based on this information, Susan would

Which of the following statements is true with regard to drug treatments for patients with anorexia nervosa?

Individuals who experience loss of control of their eating and consume great quantities of food but do not engage in any attempts to compensate for their binge would be diagnosed with

Recent research regarding the treatment of binge eating disorder indicates that IPT is ________ CBT

Jill has been in treatment for anorexia nervosa for the past two months. Over this time, she has gained weight to the point where she is in the average range for a woman of her height. The fact that she gained weight fairly quickly in treatment means

Most individuals with bulimia nervosa are

Many clinicians suggest that the most difficult part of treatment for anorexia nervosa, and the part of treatment where many people with anorexia nervosa are not successful, is

The most common psychological disorders associated with bulimia are

The most common reason that people with anorexia nervosa generally do not seek treatment on their own is that they

When women are asked to identify the most attractive female body weight, they typically identify a weight that is

In class I discussed a study that examined the effects of reinforcement and delusional speech. My main point was that

When I discussed the research on delusions and reinforcement, I diagrammed a single-case experimental design. Our authors discussed this design in chapter three. It is called a

Regarding cultural differences in expressed emotion, which is thought to be positively correlated with schizophrenia, research has found that ________ families have the highest percentage of expressed emotion

Excessive exercise is

Our authors note research indicating substantial anxiety before and during eating snacks. These researchers theorize that