A & P Chapter 14 part 2 – Flashcards

The cerebellum -adjusts posture -coordinates learned movements -has penduncles connecting the cerebrum -All of the listed responses are correct

Making rapid postural adjustments is a major function of the __________. -cerebrum -medulla oblongata -cerebellum -diencephalon

The cerebellar hemispheres are separated by a band of cortex called the -pyramid -flocculonodular lobe -folia -arbor vitae -vermis

The white matter of the cerebellum forms the -flocculonodular lobe. -arbor vitae -folia -pyramid -vermis

The presence of many large, highly-branched Purkinje cells in a sample of brain tissue indicates that it came from the -cerebellar cortex -medulla -cerebral cortex -arbor vitae -pons

The folds of the surface of the cerebrum -are bathed in spinal fluid. -form a network of blood vessels over the brain. -increase the surface area of the cerebrum. -are called sulci. -consist of axons and dendrites of neurons.

The cerebellum can be permanently damaged by stroke or temporarily affected by drugs or alcohol. The resulting disturbance in motor control is known as -aphasia -parkinson's -dysphagia -epilepsy -ataxia

If you are reading and you unexpectedly hear a loud noise, your head generally snaps up. Which portion of the midbrain is most likely to be responsible for this reflexive motion? -the red nucleus -the substantia nigra -inferior colliculus -superior colliculus

Injury to this center in the mesencephalon may lead to Parkinson's disease. -substantia nigra -red nuclei -superior colliculi -mammillary bodies

Stimulation of the reticular activating system results in -sleep -increased consciousness -decreased cerebral function -coma -coughing

The medulla oblongata relays auditory information to the -cerebral peduncles -red nuceli -substantia nigra -inferior colliculi -superior colliculi

Nerve fiber bundles on the ventrolateral surface of the mesencephalon are the -superior colliculi -cerebral peduncles -tegmenta -corpora quadrigemina -inferior colliculi

The corpora quadrigemina is composed of the -4th cerebral lobes -superior and inferior colliculi -two superior cerebellar peduncles and the two inferior cerebellar peduncles. -the 4th cranial nerve. -first four cranial nerves.

Damage to the corpora quadrigemina would interfere with -conscious control of skeletal muscles. -visual and auditory reflex movements of the head and neck. -control of breathing. -control of autonomic function. -regulation of body temperature.

What is the function of the thalamic nuclei indicated by the arrow? -forms feedback loops, which affect emotional states (integrates sensory information) -relays information from the basal nuclei of the cerebrum to somatic areas of cerebral cortex -part of the limbic system involved with emotion and motivation -connect emotional centers in the hypothalamus with the cerebral hemispheres

Which of the following is a function of the diencephalon? -to regulate body temperature -to process and transmit sensory information -to secrete cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) -All of these are functions of the diencephalon.

The pineal gland is part of the -3rd ventricle -mesencephalon -diencephalon -hypothalamus -midbrain

Which of the following is a property of the mamillary bodies? -shaped like little breasts -controls reflex eating movements -processes olfactory information -located in posterior hypothalamus -All of the answers are correct.

The hypothalamus is a key player in the endocrine system because -it controls the pituitary gland directly underneath it. -its autonomic controls also run all of the endocrine organs. -it produces enzymes that are involved in the production of hormones. -it communicates with all other endocrine organs of the body. -none of the above

Which of the following is a function of the hypothalamus? -produces ADH -regulates body temperature -controls autonomic centers -secretes oxytocin -All of the answers are correct.

Which of the following is/are true of the epithalamus? -creates the lateral ventricles -contains the mammillary body -forms the roof of the diencephalon -processes sensory information and relays it to the cerebrum

The optic tracts carry visual information from the retina to the -pulvinar. -medial geniculates. -supraoptic nuclei. -paraventricular nuclei. -lateral geniculates

Which of the following is a function of the thalamus? -secrete cerebrospinal fluid -store memories -process sensory information and relay it to the cerebrum -secrete melatonin -regulate food intake

The thalamus is often called the "air traffic controller" of the brain because it -controls reflexes. -controls the autonomic functions of the body, such as the fight-or-flight response. -determines the routing of incoming sensory information to the correct cerebral cortex area. -passes motor information on to the cerebellum. -determines what can enter the brain from the blood.

The ________, a narrow stalk, connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland. -amygdala -basal ganglia -hippocampus -infundibulum -supraoptic nucleus

Which of the following is NOT a component of the limbic system? -cingulate gyrus -amygdaloid body -hypothalamus -fornix

Which of these is NOT a property of the limbic system? -it includes the hippocampus -it is important in learning and memory -it regulates body temp -it is central to our ability to experience emotions

The ________ is important in storage and recall of new long-term memories -mamillary bodies -cingulate gyrus -hippocampus -fornix -amygdaloid body

What is the function of the cerebrum? -controls emotions, has autonomic functions, and functions in hormone productions in addition to being a center for the relay and processing of sensory information -coordinates complex somatic motor patterns and adjusts the output of other somatic motor centers -processes visual and auditory data, generates reflexive somatic motor responses, and maintains consciousness -conscious thought processes, intellectual functions, memory storage and processing, and conscious/subconscious control of skeletal muscle

Which embryological brain vesicle will form the cerebrum? -the myelencephalon -the metencephalon -the telencephalon -the mesencephalon

Why is stroke dangerous to neurons? -CVAs block the normal blood supply to the brain; neurons that are starved of oxygen and nutrients begin to die within minutes. -CVAs disrupt the production and transport of neurotransmitters required for neuronal function and maintenance. -CVAs interfere with the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which disrupts its ability to function in the transport of nutrients, waste, and chemical nutrients to individual neurons. -CVAs affect the permeability of the endothelial cells that create the blood-brain barrier, allowing toxic substances to reach neurons and cause their death.

Disconnection syndrome implies a physical disconnection between the left and right hemispheres. In healthy individuals, this connection allows for information exchange. What is the name of this physical connection? -corpus callosum -intermediate mass -longitudinal fissure -dural folds

The cerebrum is divided into two hemispheres by the __________. -central sulcus -postcentral gyrus -corpus callosum -longitudinal fissure

In aphasia, the ability to speak or read is affected. A deficit in which of the following cortical areas would NOT lead to aphasia? -prefontal cortex -Wernicke's area -Broca's area -motor speech area

Writing nueron instead of neuron may indicate a condition known as dyslexia, in which letters are often switched within a word. Which of the following cortical functional areas is most likely affected? -olfactory area -general interpretive area -gustatory area -limbic system

You are taking an exam and there is a section with several questions for which you remember studying, but become annoyed because you cannot recall the answer. If an EEG was performed at that particular moment, which brainwaves are most likely to predominate? -alpha waves -beta waves -theta waves -delta waves

The cerebral area posterior to the central sulcus is the -temporal lobe -parietal lobe -frontal lobe -occipital lobe -insula

the region(s) of the cerebral cortex superior to the lateral sulcus is/are the -parietal lobe -frontal lobe -temporal lobe -parietal and frontal lobes -occipital lobe

Divisions of the cerebral hemispheres that are named after the overlying skull bones are -fissures -sulci -gyri -sinuses -lobes

The sense of taste projects to the gustatory cortex located in the ________ and ________ -frontal lobe; temporal lobe -corpus callosum; fornix -precentral gyrus; prefrontal cortex -insula; parietal lobe -insula; frontal lobe

The corpus callosum is composed of -projection fibers -commissural fibers -association fibers -longitudinal fasciculi -arcuate fibers

Commissural fibers -interconnect areas of cerebral cortex. -carry pain information to the correct brain structure. -are divided by the longitudinal fissure. -cross from one cerebral hemisphere to the other hemisphere. -link the cerebral cortex to the diencephalon

The visual cortex is located in the -frontal lobe -parietal lobe -temporal lobe -insula -occipital lobe

The auditory cortex is located in the -occipital lobe -parietal lobe -frontal lobe -insula -temporal lobe

The region of the brain responsible for predicting the consequence of events or actions is the -cerebral ganglia. -occipital association cortex. -prefrontal cerebral cortex -temporal lobe. -reticular formation.

Parkinson's disease is the result of -weak response of the red nuclei of the mesencephalon. -hyperactivity of the limbic system. -inadequate production of dopamine by substantia nigra neurons -decreased levels of acetylcholine from neurons in the substantia nigra. -inadequate production of GABA by neurons in the basal nuclei.

After suffering a blow to the back of the head, Phil loses his vision. The blow probably caused damage to the -limbic system -occipital lobe -prefrontal cortex -cerebral nuclei -postcentral gyrus

After suffering a stroke, Mary finds that she cannot move her right arm. This would suggest that the stroke damage is in the area of the ________ lobe. -occipital -right temporal -left frontal -right frontal -left temporal

The general interpretive area -is responsible for predicting future consequences. -is the site of long-term memory storage. -is the speech center of the brain. -may be damaged by even a small stroke. -allows us to interpret what is read or heard.

Integrative centers of the brain -can impact higher intellectual functions. -include the Wernicke's area. -receive information from many sensory association areas. -direct motor activities. -All of the answers are correct.

Damage to the premotor cortex of the frontal lobe would interfere with the ability to -understand spoken words -play the piano -understand visual images -sense the texture of velvet -understand written words

________ is a temporary cerebral disorder accompanied by abnormal movements, unusual sensations, and/or inappropriate behavior. -dyslexia -apraxia -aphasia -seizure -parkinson's disease

Higher-order functions -can be adjusted over time based on experience. -involve complex interactions among areas of the cortex. -occur in the cerebrum. -combine both conscious and unconscious information processing. -All of the answers are correct.

Which of these neural injuries will the corneal reflex NOT test for? -damage to cranial nerve VII -damage to cranial nerve V -detection of a corneal contact stimulus -damage to cranial nerve II

The only sensation that is received directly by the cerebrum is -hearing -olfaction -dizziness -vision -gustation

Gustatory information reaches the brain by way of -cranial nerve I. -cranial nerve II. -cranial nerve IX. -cranial nerve IV -cranial nerve X.

________ is a condition resulting from an inflammation of a facial nerve. -hydrocephalus -gout -addison's disease -bell's palsy -cerebral palsy

There are ________ pairs of cranial nerves. -6 -22 -2 -12 -31

Droopy eyelids and double vision can result from injury to the ________ nerve. -abducens -optic -trochlear -olfactory -oculomotor

Difficulty in swallowing may be a sign of damage to which cranial nerve(s)? -glossopharyngeal and vagus -glossopharyngeal -facial -vagus -hypoglossal

A reflex that is used to assess the sensory function of the trigeminal nerve is the ________ reflex. -corneal -auditory -tympanic -consensual

Which sensation(s) does the vestibulocochlear nerve carry? -hearing and equilibrium -atmospheric pressure -hearing -equilibrium -hearing, equilibrium, taste

Tic douloureux is -a disorder of the maxillary and mandibular branches of nerve V. - triggered by contact with the lip, tongue, or gums. -also called trigeminal neuralgia. -characterized by almost totally debilitating pain. -All of the answers are correct.

You suspect your friend has damage to cranial nerve I when he is unable to -blink his eyes -nod his head -hear your voice -smile -smell his food

At the optic chiasm, -axons from the lateral halves of each retina cross. -axons from the retinae synapse on those from the other half. -the olfactory nerve crosses to the opposite side of the brain. -axons from the medial halves of each retina cross -the optic nerve enters the cerebellum.

A patient develops a tumor of a cranial nerve that leads to difficulty in speaking from a loss of tongue movement. Which cranial nerve is affected? -trigeminal -hypoglossal -glossopharyngeal -spinal accessory -vagus

Which of the following symptoms would you associate with damage to the spinal accessory nerve? -tooth pain -dry mouth from lack of saliva -weakness of the sternocleidomastoid muscle -loss of the sense of taste -lack of facial expression

The patient has the following symptoms: change in vocal tone, problems swallowing, inability to control urination, erratic heart rate, and gastric problems. You would identify the problem as being related to the -trigeminal nerve -amygdala -pineal gland -vagus nerve -abducens nerve

Which of the following is not a function of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)? -support the weigh of the brain -transport blood to brain structures -remove waste from brain cells -cushion the brain

Which cells are most directly associated with the formation of CSF? -arachnoid granulations -neurons -ependymal cells -astrocytes

What is the last spot where CSF circulates before being resorbed by the circulatory system? -a choroid plexus -the arachnoid villi -subarachnoid space -median aperture of the 4th ventricle -the central canal