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When a desired need is blocked.

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Frustration

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Personal dissatisfactions such as physical needs like being too short to join the NBA

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Internal Frustration

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Failures from the outside world like getting no call back from the job you applied.

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External Frustration

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Unpleasant stressors(-)

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distress

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(+) Positive Stressors like having a baby

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Eustress

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Small stressors (disagreements)

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Hassles

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Taking out frustration on someone who is a target

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Displaced aggression

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Targets due to aggression

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Scapegoats

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(++) choosing between 2 desirable goals (For someone who likes both movies and concerts, choosing between going to one or the other)

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Approach- approach conflict

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(--)choosing 2 or more UNPLEASANT events

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Avoidance- avoidence conflict

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Choosing 1 event can be (+) positive or (-) Negative

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Approach Avoidance conflict

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Network of family, friends, neighbors, coworkers, that offer support and comfort.(religious organization and regular attendance at religious functions)

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social support system

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The negative changes in thoughts, emotions, and behavior as a result of prolonged stress or frustration

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Burnout

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Action meant to harm or destroy

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Aggresion

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First step in evaluating a stressor that can be a threat or harmful to future events. (According to Lazarus, our first task when faced with a potential stressor is to estimate its severity and to determine whether it is a challenge or threat)

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Primary appraisal

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Second step in assessing a stressor. Identifying threat or harmful situation and creating resources to cope with stressor like meetings, energy or support.

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Secondary appraisal

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Which part of the nervous system are associated with the general adaptation syndrome

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sympathetic and parasympathetic

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The sympathetic nervous system is activated and adrenal glands release hormones

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What happens During the alarm stage of the general adaptation syndrome

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Stress causing events (Hachi is working against a deadline. She must have a term paper written by 8 am tomorrow. The deadline is an example )

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Stressor

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When a person focuses on the mind on some receptive or stimulus to clear disturbing thoughts to clear mind. ( researchers found lowers blood pressure in adolescents and adults.)

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concentrative meditation

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What did Raymond Cattell call the underlying traits that direct surface traits

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Source traits

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openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism(OCEAN)

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Big Five personality traits

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Example; Carl Rogers emphasized accepting people for what they are, not for what you would like them to be.

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Unconditional positive regard

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there are three factors that influence personality: environment, person, and behavior. A social cognitive psychologist studies this.

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Social cognitive

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Jung believed that there were two levels to the unconscious mind

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Personal and collective

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defense mechanism when a person decides to refuses to consciously remember a threatening or unpleasant event into unconscious mind. (such as not remembering lying to parents)

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Repression

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Freud believe this could happen if our needs were delayed at a particular psychosexual stage.

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fixated at that stage.

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advantage of personality inventories over projective tests

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Inventories are standardized

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assessment technique requires people to respond to unstructured or ambiguous stimuli

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Projective

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the study of just how much of personality is due to inherited traits.

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Behavioral genetics

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Excessive or distortion of normal functions

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best way to describe the positive symptoms of schizophrenia

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Caused by genetics, chemical influence, brain structural influences

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biological perspective about schizophrenia

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The neurotransmitter associated with bulimia nervosa

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Serotonin

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Excessive or unrealistic fearfulness and worry

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Anxiety Disorders

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Fear of public speaking and stage fright

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Social Phobia

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Fear of being in a place or situation from which escape is difficult or impossible if something should go wrong

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AGORAPHOBIA

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a way to define abnormality by comparing an individual's behavior to the norms or standards of the society in which an individual lives

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Social norm defiance

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Dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine

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Which neurotransmitters are most important in the development of mood disorders?

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medication for bipolar disorder (Bob has been under a physician's care for bipolar disorder. Bob's doctor is most likely to prescribe which of the following to treat Bob's disorder?)

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Lithium

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blocking dopamine receptors in the brain

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how do antipsychotic drugs work?

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Depression

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Elyn was recently treated with electroconvulsive therapy. She is mostly likely experiencing which psychological disorder?

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change in the patient's willingness to verbalize

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Resistance

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helping a client change his disordered behavior

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Action therapist

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They treat the symptom not the cause

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one of the criticisms of cognitive and cognitive-behavioral therapies

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The person-centered therapist has to be able to acknowledge and understand what the client is feeling and experiencing.

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Empathy

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Sylvia, who is undergoing client-centered therapy has been told that she experiences a mismatch between her ________ self and her ________ self.

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real and ideal

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Iram is afraid of snakes. In an effort to help him overcome his fear, his therapist has him enter a room where there are dozens of snakes and has him hold them. Iram is not permitted to leave the room until the therapy session is completed. Iram's therapist is using ________.

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flooding

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a method of reinforcement that uses a formal written agreement in which the goals for behavioral change, reinforcements, and penalties are clearly stated.

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Contingency Contract

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abnormal behavior is seen as learning and growing within culture

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Sociocultural perspective

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Emotional distress while in behavior (fear or going outside her house experience anxiety when leaving. )

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Subjective discomfort

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disorders found in certain cultures

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culture- bound syndrome

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behavior pattern that culture cause distress

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Psychological disorder

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study of abnormal behavior

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psychopathology

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How to deal with stress and anxiety a defense mechanism

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Psychological defense mechanism

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Developing id; it "feels good so just do it" with no negative consequences

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Reality principle

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characteristics each person is BORN with

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Temperament

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persons moral or ethical behavior

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character

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UNIQUE way in which each person thinks,act, and feels in life.

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Personality

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Hidden or latent feelings of opposite sex ( Ex. when boys think girls have cooties 6+)

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Latency Stage

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Puberty begins 13+

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Gentile Stage

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Memories shared of human species

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Collective unconscious

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Theory believed in "superiority" having an EXTERNAL mechanism to deal with themselves ( joining a hockey team because to let of stem since person is aggressive)

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Aider

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Believed in men lacking child bearing ability "womb envy" to rely on success

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Horney theory

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Ways to cope with anxiety used in relationships, being angry with couple, being distant, being dependent

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Neurotic Personalities

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dealing with child being born into bigger world with older people, being defenseless

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Basic Anxiety

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way of thinking, behaving, feeling ( being funny is a way of behaving therefore its a trait.)

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trait

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Seen by people outward action

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Surface traits

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to withdrawal

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Introversion

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Looking after themselves and family only

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Collectivism/ Individualism

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Specific behavioral learned over time associated with abnormal belief systems

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cognitive- behavioral

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involves a dislocation in consciousness, memory, or a sense of identity, associated with extreme trauma or stress.

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Dissociative Disorder

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one cannot remember PERSONAL information

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dissociative amnesia

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person takes sudden TRIP and cannot remember traveling or personal information

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dissociative fugue

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person seems to experience at last one or more personality disorders.

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dissociative identity disorder

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action-based therapies that focus on helping people change their ways of thinking, emphasis on identifying distorted and unrealistic beliefs that leads to unusual behavior and then replacing them with positive behavior

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cognitive therapies

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originally developed by Breuer, involved patients freely talking about whatever came to mind, believed to reveal unconscious concerns

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free association

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focuses more on the go and sense of self rather then the id. More directive then it was historically

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modern psychodynamic approach

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electric therapy with some theoretical roots in the psychodynamic approach but combines combines aspects from humanistic and cognitive behavioral therapies

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interpersonal therapy (IPT)

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