question

Which of the following characterizes the mood-state known as anxiety?

answer

Apprehension about the future

question

Anxiety is closely related to which of the following psychological disorders?

answer

Depression

question

People tend to have their best performance on tasks when they are ___________.

answer

a little anxious

question

When people experience severe anxiety, they

answer

often know it's irrational, but can't help it.

question

Anxiety is thought to be a____________ state, while fear is more_______.

answer

future-oriented; immediate

question

Fear activates a

answer

surge of energy in the autonomic nervous system so we can flee.

question

Which of the following is an accurate statement about anxiety?

answer

An inherited tendency can make us tense or upright.

question

According to Jeffrey Gray, a British neuropsychologist, the behavioral inhibition system (BIS) is activated by danger signals ___________, resulting in the experience of anxiety.

answer

arising from the brain stem or descending from the cortex

question

Members of the Falcons High School senior class will have an increased risk of developing anxiety disorders if they

answer

smoke 20 or more cigarettes daily.

question

According to Gray and McNaughton (1996), the fight-or-flight system is partially activated by deficiencies in the neurotransmitter _______ in the brain.

answer

serotonin

question

Research suggests that we inherit a tendency to be tense, which is ____________.

answer

caused by multiple genes

question

The area of the brain most often associated with anxiety is the _____________.

answer

limbic system

question

"I've got to get out of here right now, or I may not make it!" This statement is most likely to be said by someone experiencing a(n)

answer

fear reaction

question

____________ is characterized by apprehension because of future unpredictability, whereas ____________ is characterized by strong escapist tendencies.

answer

anxiety; fear

question

Which of the following is NOT a basic type of panic attack?

answer

Situation inevitable

question

Mrs. Pan has an anxiety disorder in which she has occasional panic attacks when shopping at the mall. This type of panic attack is referred to as _______________.

answer

uncued

question

Which type of panic attack is most closely related to phobias?

answer

expected

question

Lawanda was walking down the street on a bright sunny day when, all of a sudden, she had an abrupt attack of intense fear that totally surprised her. This is what type of panic attack?

answer

Uncued

question

Hideki was attending his fifth baseball game at Condor Stadium, where he had previously had a panic attack. He did not know if he would have a panic attack today, but shortly after entering the stadium, he did. This type of panic attack is ____________.

answer

cued

question

According to the DSM-IV-TR criteria, the symptoms of a panic attack develop abruptly and reach a peak within _____ minute(s).

answer

10

question

Physiological assessments of panic attacks recorded in the laboratory indicate an increase in all of the following EXCEPT ______________.

answer

stomach contractions

question

The recent research by Johnson et al. (2000) on cigarette smoking by teenagers indicates the possibility that

answer

sensitivity of brain circuits can be affected by environmental factors.

question

Which of the following brain areas is NOT closely associated with anxiety?

answer

Hypothalamus (brain areas associated with anxiety: hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, amygdala)

question

The behavioral inhibition system is activated by signals from the _____________.

answer

brain stem

question

Research suggests that generalized anxiety disorder is five-times more likely to develop in adults if they

answer

smoked as a teen.

question

Studies suggest that parents can protect their child from anxiety if they

answer

let children explore the world and deal with the unexpected.

question

Stressful life events - such as marriage, divorce, familial death, or academic pressures - trigger our vulnerabilities to anxiety. These are examples of a ______________ contribution.

answer

social

question

A child who is afraid of dogs because her father was afraid of dogs is said to have a ________ vulnerability.

answer

specific psychological

question

Research suggests that anxiety and depression frequently

answer

co-occur.

question

Recent research by Barlow (2002) and others indicates that vulnerability to anxiety disorders is related to

answer

one's sense of control over environmental events.

question

At the time of assessment of an anxiety disorder, _________ of patients should have at least one other anxiety or depressive disorder.

answer

55%

question

Having an anxiety disorder increases the risk of ______________.

answer

all of the above (depression, migraines, suicidal ideation)

question

Which of the following statements is TRUE about anxiety disorders?

answer

Having an anxiety disorder might contribute to a physical disorder such as arthritis.

question

In what way is worry not useful?

answer

It ensures that we respond appropriately to fear-inducing events (useful: it helps us plan for the future, it makes sure we are prepared for a task, it makes us double check that we have thought of everything before leaving on a trip)

question

Which of the following terms is most associated with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)?

answer

Worry

question

All of the following are symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) EXCEPT

answer

hypersomnia

question

Research studies have found that generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is most common among ______________.

answer

adults over 45 years of age

question

People with GAD

answer

have a 58% chance of recovery after having the disorder for 12 years.

question

People with GAD tend to worry about

answer

mostly minor things

question

Which of the following people living in the United States is most likely to develop GAD?

answer

Monica, a 50-year-old woman

question

Which physiological measure consistently distinguishes individuals with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) from non-anxious normal subjects?

answer

increased muscle tension

question

For generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), the pharmacological treatment of choice has been the category of drugs known as ___________.

answer

benzodiazepines

question

Research suggests that people with GAD worry

answer

without images but try to avoid the associated negative affect

question

Barlow and others (1992) developed a cognitive-behavioral treatment for GAD that helps the patient

answer

confront anxiety-provoking thoughts and images

question

Evidence now suggests that agoraphobic avoidance behavior is one component of

answer

severe, unexpected panic attack.

question

Agoraphobic avoidance behavior appears to be determined by

answer

the extent to which the person expects another panic attack to occur.

question

Which of the following is an accurate statement about panic disorder?

answer

Most individuals with panic disorder will also avoid internal sensations that produce physiological arousal.

question

Agoraphobia, which has come to mean "fear of going out," derives from the Greek word agora, meaning ____________.

answer

marketplace

question

A teenage girl had recently been having panic attacks while shopping at the mall. She was sitting in her room feeling very depressed. To cheer her up, a friend suggested that they both go to an exercise class. Shortly after the warm-up started, however, she had another panic attack. What is the best explanation for this occurrence?

answer

The physical sensations experienced during exercise had become an internal cue for panic to occur

question

An individual who suffers from panic disorder might become anxious about climbing stairs, exercising, or being in hot rooms because these activities produce sensations similar to those accompanying a panic attack. In psychological terms, the exercise and hot rooms have become __________.

answer

conditioned stimuli

question

Panic attack studies suggest that men

answer

consume alcohol to deal with panic attacks.

question

Panic attacks tend to occur most often

answer

during sleep between 1:30 and 3:30 a.m.

question

People with a psychological vulnerability to panic attacks tend to ________ normal physical sensations.

answer

catastrophize

question

Nocturnal panic attacks generally occur when an individual is ____________.

answer

deeply asleep

question

The phenomenon known as "isolated sleep paralysis" is most likely to occur in _________ who suffer from panic disorder.

answer

African Americans

question

Panic control treatment

answer

all of the above (was developed by the textbook authors, concentrates on exposing the patients to the cluster of physical sensations that remind them of their panic attacks, involves the therapist to create "mini" attacks in the office)

question

In treating panic disorder, all of the following types of medications are used EXCEPT ________.

answer

opiates

question

The purpose of creating mini panic attacks in panic control treatment therapy is to

answer

allow the patient to develop alternative attitudes about the feared situation.

question

What is one factor that distinguishes between traditional exposure-based treatments for panic disorder and the more recent panic control treatment (PCT) developed at one of Barlow's clinics?

answer

Exposure to the interceptive sensations associated with panic attacks

question

Which of the following procedures is NOT part of Barlow's panic control treatment (PCT)?

answer

Reducing agoraphobic avoidance by exposure to feared situations (part of PCT: cognitive therapy to modify conscious or unconscious perceptions about the "dangerousness" of feared situations, creation of mini panic attacks in the therapist's office, exercises to elevate the heart rate or spinning to make the patient dizzy)

question

A friend stated that when she went to a clinic, she had to spend several 30- to 60-second sessions shaking her head from side to side, spinning in a chair, tensing all her muscles, hyperventilating, or breathing through a narrow straw. She is surprised that you correctly guessed that she is receiving treatment for

answer

panic disorder.

question

A major double-blind research study sponsored by the National Institute of Mental Health looked at the separate and combined effects of both psychological and drug treatments for patients suffering from panic disorder. Participants were randomized into five different treatment conditions, including all but which of the following?

answer

deep brain stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation

question

A relative of yours who suffers from panic disorder asks you what treatment would have the longest-lasting benefits. Since you have just read about the double-blind NIMH research study evaluating psychological treatments with and without medication, you tell your relative to first try

answer

psychological treatment that includes cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT).

question

D-cycloserine is a drug that seems to act to work in the

answer

amygdala to diminish anxiety.

question

All of the following are characteristics common to specific phobias EXCEPT

answer

decreased arousal of the autonomic nervous system (characteristics common to specific phobias: strong and persistent anxiety related to a specific object or situation, significant attempts by the anxious individual to avoid the phobic situation, recognition by the person with the phobia that the anxiety is excessive or unreasonable)

question

In the type of specific phobia called "blood-injury-injection," there is an inherited vasovagal response and a tendency to faint due to

answer

decrease in blood pressure.

question

Manuel had a fear of riding on buses, so his mother had to drive him to school every day. Manuel's phobia is a(n) _________ phobia.

answer

situational

question

The main difference between situational phobia and panic disorder with agoraphobia (PDA) is

answer

people with situational phobia never experience panic attacks outside the context of the phobic situation.

question

You are told about a child who has shown behavior consistent with "separation anxiety." In order to determine if the child actually has a disorder or whether the behavior is normal, you would first need to know

answer

the child's age.

question

The median age of onset for a specific phobia is ____.

answer

7

question

A psychological disorder in children characterized by unrealistic and persistent worry that something will happen to their parents, which may result in refusal to leave home is called

answer

separation anxiety disorder

question

When diagnosing separation anxiety disorder in children, clinicians must

answer

be wary for psychotic episodes that often precipitate this condition.

question

In the general population, as many as ____ of people suffer from social anxiety disorder at some point in their lives.

answer

12.1%

question

According to your textbook, there are at least three ways of developing a phobia. Which is NOT one of these ways?

answer

Having a nightmare about a feared situation (ways to develop phobia: experiencing a panic attack in a specific situation, observing someone else experience severe fear, in certain conditions being told about danger)

question

According to your textbook, new techniques have made it possible to treat some phobias effectively in one _____.

answer

day

question

In regard to treatment of specific phobias, which of the following statements is correct?

answer

Exposure-based exercises actually change before

question

Which of the following would NOT be considered an example of social phobia?

answer

A student who is reluctant to speak up in a classroom due to fear of embarrassing herself.

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