PSYC360 Ch. 7: COGNITIVE THERAPY – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Cognitive Therapy (CT)
answer
-Aaron Beck -Focus on role of information processing -Cognition, behavior, affect and motivation are intertwined + co-occur -Focus on primacy of cognition -Schemas -Uses cognitive + behavioral techniques *ALTERING THOUGHTS INFLUENCES FEELINGS, MOTIVATIONS, BEHAVIORS
question
Cognitive schema
answer
-Structure containing self perceptions -Thoughts about others and world -Memories, goals, fantasies -Contains one's core beliefs + assumptions
question
Cognitive shift
answer
-Systematic bias in information processing -Selectively interpret info in certain manner
question
Cognitive vulnerabilities
answer
-Specific attitudes predisposing the interpretation of experiences -Developed early on -When rigid, negative and ingrained, we are predisposed to pathology -Give rise to conditional assumptions (i.e. rules of living) as we mature
question
Mode
answer
-Networks of (cognitive, affective, motivational and behavioral) schemas -Primal modes = universal + related to survival -Primal thinking
question
Primal thinking
answer
Rigid Absolute Automatic Biased
question
Dysfunctional modes treated by...
answer
-Deactivate -Alter structure + content -MODIFY CORE BELIEFS -Develop more adaptive mode
question
Cognitive therapist relies on _________ and ___________
answer
-Collaborative empiricism -Guided discovery (Patients test beliefs and behaviors to develop positive mental health)
question
Basic characteristics of CBT
answer
-Practical -Symptom focused -Empirically derived techniques -Patient collaboration -Acknowledges underlying precursors of symptoms BUT remains present-oriented -Case conceptualization drives treatment
question
Primary roles of CBT Therapist
answer
-Conceptualize patient in cognitive terms -Structure sessions -Use collaborative empiricism + guided discovery -Set goals
question
Cognitive model 1-3
answer
1. Situation + underlying beliefs 2. Automatic thoughts 3. Behaviors, emotions, physiological response
question
Cognitive model explained
answer
-Automatic thoughts influence, emotional, behavioral, motivational and physiological responses -Bi-directional relationship (all systems act together as mode) -SIMULTANEOUSLY affect each other -Biological treatment can change thought; CBT can change biological processes -Underlying beliefs = cognitive vulnerabilities -Rigid, negative beliefs lead to pathology
question
Strategies of CT
answer
-Collaborative empiricism -Guided discovery -Deactivation of dysfunctional modes (use techniques to modify content and structure) -Construct more adaptive modes
question
CT vs. psychoanalysis
answer
-Both assume behavior influenced by beliefs of which we may be unaware -Focus on links among symptoms, conscious beliefs, current experiences -Little concern w/ unconscious feelings or repressed emotions -Minimal focus on childhood/developmental issues except when assessing or addressing core beliefs -Highly structured + short term (12-16 weeks) -Active collaboration w/ patient
question
CT vs. REBT (repeat ch. 5)
answer
-Thoughts labeled DYSFUNCTIONAL -INDUCTIVE reasoning -Cognitive specificity for each disorder -FUNCTIONAL view of problem; arises from multiple cognitive distortions -More COLLABORATIVE -Psychoeducation early + critical part of treatment
question
CT vs. behavior
answer
-Very diff. -Individual as more active than passive in change process -Emphasize expectations, interpretations, reactions (cognitions)
question
CT vs. CBT???
answer
-CBT = overarching term for therapies that integrate cognitive + behavioral techniques -CT = most COMMONLY practiced form of CBT
question
CT and medication
answer
-CT equivalent to psychotropic medication (depression, bulimia, anxiety) -COMBO of both is SUPERIOR to either used alone -CT + antidepressants show equal efficacy rates -BETTER COMBINED FOR BIPOLAR
question
Aaron Beck
answer
-Developed cognitive therapy -Research on depression = FOUNDATION of CT -"Anger turned inward" theory towards depression -Found evidence for negative cognitions
question
Influential names in CT
answer
-Beck -Bandura -Ellis -Mahoney -Meichenbaum
question
CT shown to reduce __________ by ______________ over 18 months
answer
-Rate of suicide re-attempts -50%
question
CT and personality
answer
-Thinking is problematic /distorted when it is... Extreme Broad Catastrophic Negative Idealistic Demanding Judgmental Obsessive Confusing
question
Cognitive distortions
answer
-Arbitrary inference -Selective abstraction -Overgeneralization -Magnification/minimization -Personalization -Dichotomous thinking -Mind reading -Fortune teller error -Emotional reasoning -Should statements -Labeling and mislabeling
question
Arbitrary inference
answer
-Drawing conclusion w/o evidence or in face of contradictory info -Ex: woman w/ anorexia believes she is fat though she is dying from starvation
question
Selective abstraction
answer
-Dwelling on single negative detail taken out of context -Ex: on date, you said one thing you wish you could have said differently and now see entire evening as disaster
question
Overgeneralization
answer
-Single negative event viewed as never-ending pattern of defeat -Ex: after job interview, accountant does not receive job and begins to think they will never find job despite qualifications
question
Magnification/Minimization
answer
-Binocular trick -Things seem bigger or smaller than they really are -Ex: Employee thinks minor mistake will lead to being fired vs. alcoholic who believes he doesn't have a problem
question
Personalization
answer
-Assuming personal responsibility for something you're not responsible for -Ex: seen in patients who are sexually abused
question
Dichotomous thinking
answer
-Things are black and white -No gray or middle ground -Ex: Things are good or bad and perfect or failure
question
Mind reading
answer
-Assuming someone is responding negatively to you without checking it out -Ex: husband in bad mood, assume it is your fault and don't ask what's wrong
question
Fortune teller error
answer
-Creating negative self-fulfilling prophecy -Ex: You think you will fail important exam so you don't study and fail
question
Emotional reasoning
answer
-ASsume negative feelings result from fact that things are negative -Ex: If you feel bad, then world or situation is bad. You don't consider that feelings are misrepresentation of facts
question
Should statements
answer
-Guilt self by using words like should, must, ought instead of IT WOULD BE PREFERRED
question
Labeling and mislabeling
answer
-Name calling rather than just criticizing behavior
question
CBT session structure
answer
-Mood check -Goals -Bridge from last session -HW assignment -Summarizing throughout + at end of session -Patient feedback
question
General principles of CT
answer
-Goal: correct dysfunctional thinking + modify negative assumptions -Patient taught to be scientists + generate and test hypotheses -Collaborative relationship
question
Fundamental concepts of CT
answer
-Collaborative empiricism to demystify therapy -Socratic dialogue (questioning to help patients come to own conclusions) -Guided discovery (therapist collab. w/ patient to develop behavioral experiments and test hypotheses
question
CT Therapy Process
answer
1. Initial sessions -Essential to build relationship -Problem definition -Goal setting -Therapist provides psychoeducation 2. Middle sessions -Shift focus from symptoms + behaviors to patterns of thinking 3. Termination -Expectation that therapy time is limited
question
Ex. of behavioral interventions in CT
answer
-Weekly activity monitoring w/ pleasure and mastery ratings -Activity scheduling -Graded assignments -Conducting behavioral experiments -Exposure -Role plays
question
Weekly activity monitoring
answer
-Record activities -Rate for pleasure and mastery -Allows sense of accomplishment, evaluation auto. thoughts,
question
Ex. of cognitive interventions in CT
answer
-Elicit automatic thoughts through dysfunctional thought records -Identify whether thoughts represent distortions in info processing -Socratic questions to evaluate thought process -Generate alternatives of how to think/act differently
question
De-catastrophizing
answer
"What if that happened? Then what?"
question
Reattribution
answer
Alternative explanations systematically examined
question
Redefining
answer
-Help patient define a problem differently -Ex: nobody ever talks to me --> I need to try to initiate convos so people become interested
question
Decentering
answer
-Used w/ social anxiety to shift focus -Patients taught that thoughts are thoughts and not "reality"
question
LARGE effect size of CT for..
answer
-Unipolar depression -GAD -Panic disorder!!!!!!! -Social phobia -Childhood disorders
question
MODERATE effect size CT
answer
Marital probs Anger Childhood somatic disorders Chronic pain
question
SMALL effect size CT
answer
-Schizophrenia -Bulimia
question
CT vs. antidepressants
answer
-Lower relapse rates -Reduced risk of symptom relapse
question
Individuals w/ personality disorders are largely operating from....
answer
Deliberate thinking
question
READ:
answer
p. 232 p. 235 p. 236 238 239 245 250
question
Collab. empiricism - patients acts as a
answer
Practical scientist
question
Guided discovery
answer
-Therapist serves as guide to clarify problem behaviors and thoughts -Patient creates HW assignments for selves called "behavioral experiments" WITH input from therapist
question
CT will label non-adaptive thought as...
answer
Dysfunctional
question
Most effective way to change thought is teach patient to... (Bandura)
answer
-Change a behavior
question
Primary influences on cognitive theory
answer
-Phenomenological psychology -Structural theory -Cognitive psychology
question
3 concepts of cog. model
answer
Cognitive triad Schemas Cognitive errors
question
Efficacy of CT vs. medication for depression
answer
CT is superior or equal to
question
Suicide risk is associated w/
answer
Hopelessness
question
Beck's 2 personality dimensions/modes related to....
answer
Sociotropy + autonomy
question
Hypomania
answer
Inflated view of self and future
question
Panic disorder
answer
Catastrophic interpretations of bodily/mental experiences
question
Paranoia = inflated sense of
answer
Injustice
question
In CT patient learns beliefs that are...
answer
REALISTIC
question
Cognitions that are most accessible and least stable
answer
Voluntary thoughts
question
Goal in initial CT sessions
answer
Problem definition Symptom relief Build relationship
question
CT alone is not treatment for
answer
Bipolar disorder (need meds too)
question
Asking patient "what if" is...
answer
Decatastrophizing
question
Graded task assignment
answer
Assist patient in initiating task at nonthreatening level then gradually increase task difficulty
question
Largest effect size of treatment for...
answer
Panic disorder
question
Thoughts _____________ shifts in emotion
answer
Co-occur with or influence
question
CT ______ reasoning
answer
INDUCTIVE
question
_________ is strong predictor of eventual suicide
answer
Hopelessness
question
Core beliefs vs. voluntary thoughts
answer
-Most stable, least accessible -Least stable, most accessible
question
Use of __________ questions
answer
Socratic
question
Early in treatment = ___________ techniques vs. later ___________ techniques
answer
early = behavioral later = cognitive
question
OVERALL!!!!!
answer
-Aaron Beck -Thoughts influence: behavior, motivation, physiology and emotions -Behavioral and cognitive techniques -Socratic "what if" questions -Guided discovery and collaborative empiricism -Inductive -Adapt more realistic beliefs -Pathology from dysfunctional beliefs -Modes -Schemas -Vulnerability/predisposition
