question

Fundamental drivers of competitive advantage

answer

Speed, innovation, service, sustainability, cost competitiveness, quality

question

Effectively creating ____ requires full considering a new/challenging set of stakeholders and issues

answer

value

question

By _____ managers make sure the org resources are being used as planned and that the org is meeting its goals such as quality and safety

answer

controlling

question

Which of the four managerial functions are most necessary for managers to devote adequate attention and resources?

answer

Planning, organizing, leading, and controlling

question

Why is it important in a business career to be both a specialist and a generalist?

answer

Being a spec. provides specific skills that help you provide concrete, identifiable value to your firm and customers, generalist over time gives knowledge about a variety of business disciplines so you can think strategically with different perspectives

question

the key to success of a company is the _____ advantage the company holds and how well the company can sustain the advantage

answer

competitive

question

knowledge management supports ____ across boundaries

answer

collaboration

question

Frontline managers are AKA

answer

operational managers, supervisors, lower-level managers

question

traditional functions of management

answer

controlling, organizing, planning, leading

question

three essential skill categories include:

answer

technical, conceptual and interpersonal

question

Major waves of change that are part of the challenges of managing in the new competitive landscape

answer

globalization, importance of knowledge/ideas, collaboration across org boundaries, technological change

question

companies must realize the need to serve the _____ drives everything

answer

customer

question

the best managers achieve high performance by focusing on:

answer

efficiency and effectiveness

question

_____ is the effort to minimize the use of resources, esp those that are polluting/non renewable

answer

sustainability

question

____is the process of working with people and resources to accomplish org goals.

answer

management

question

____describes the monetary amount associated with how well a job, task, good, or service meet's users needs

answer

value

question

roles/ responsibilities of a successful manager

answer

focus on customers (internal/external), knowledge of all business functions, coordinate resources and do real work with lower people, accountable for results, think strategical, translate strategies into objectives

question

factors that drive successful performance for a company, ultimately leading to competitive advantage

answer

Quality, service, innovation

question

in order to improve better customer experience, Detroit institute of arts did:

answer

ID ways to customize services, ID ways to make experience more pleasant, analyzed types of customer interaction that occur in a museum

question

frontline managers are:

answer

lower-level managers who supervise operational activities of an org

question

organizing activities include

answer

marshalling/allocating resource, grouping jobs into work units, attracting ppl to org, specifying job responsibilities

question

A____exective would be responsible for overall management and effectiveness of the org

answer

top-level

question

_______ is the excellence of a product, whether its goods or services

answer

quality

question

a ______ skill is the ability to perform a specialized task that involves a certain method or process.

answer

technical

question

3 types of skills needed to be an effective manager?

answer

Conceptual/decision skills, tech skills, interpersonal/communication skills

question

____ is the intro of new goods/services

answer

innovation

question

qualities of total quality management

answer

preventing defects before they occur, achieving zero defects in manufacturing, operating with a philosophy of continuous improvement, designing products for quality

question

speed refers to fast and timely execution, response and_____of results

answer

delivery

question

what is the management function of specifying the goals to be achieved and deciding in advance the appropriate actions to achieve these goals?

answer

planning

question

practices aimed at discovering/harnessing an orbs intellectual resources are called:

answer

knowledge management

question

skills pertaining to the ability to ID and resolve problems for the benefit of the org and its members are called:

answer

conceptual and decision skills

question

to be _____ is to achieve org goals. to be____is to achieve goals with min. waste of resources

answer

effective; efficient

question

managers located in the middle layers of the org hierarchy, reporting to the top level execs are called

answer

mid-level managers. duh.

question

What are ways quality can be measured?

answer

product performance, conformance to standards, durability, customer service, aesthetics, reliability

question

role of knowledge management in successful innovation

answer

capitalize on ppls expertise, find intellectual assets of ppl, help ppl colloboate/learn, help ppl generate and develop ideas into innovation

question

over time, individuals should learn to be a _____, knowing enough about a variety of business disciplines so they can think strategically and work with different perspectives

answer

generalist

question

the management function of systematically making decisions

answer

planning

question

definition of controlling

answer

monitoring performance and making needed changes

question

helps a company gain a competitive advantage

answer

cost competitiveness, speed, quality, innovation, service

question

____means giving customers what they want or need, when they want it

answer

service

question

3 essential categories of skills for successful manager

answer

interpersonal/communication skills, technical skills, conceptual and decision skills

question

_____ is stimulating people to be high performers

answer

leading

question

cost _______ means keeping costs low enough so that the company can realize profit and price its products at levels that are attractive to the consumer.

answer

competitiveness

question

____is giving people what they want or need when they want it

answer

service

question

what is the role of knowledge management in modern business?

answer

help people generate new ideas, develop new ideas into successful innovations, help people collaborate and learn, find human assets

question

three essential skill categories are

answer

technical, interpersonal and conceptial

question

____ is the intro of new goods/services

answer

innovation

question

components of total quality management

answer

operating w/ philosophy of continuous improvement, preventing defects before they occur, achieving 0 defects, designing products for quality

question

assembling /coordinating human, financial, informational and other resources need to achieve goals is called_____

answer

organizing

question

ways that wal mart manages its workforce to increase cost competitiveness?

answer

computerized schedule based on store sales, transactions, units sold and customer traffic, schedule just enough workers, require employee flexibility

question

Cost Competitiveness involves:

answer

lowering costs to increase profits. Cost competitiveness means keeping costs low enough so that the company can realize profits and price its products (goods or services) at levels that are attractive to consumers.

question

Interpersonal and communication skills are sometimes known as:

answer

people skills. Interpersonal and communication skills influence the manager's ability to work well with people. These skills are often called people skills. Managers spend the great majority of their time interacting with people, and they must develop their abilities to lead, motivate, and communicate effectively with those around them.

question

The planning function for the new business environment is described as:

answer

delivering strategic value.The planning function for the new business environment is more dynamically described as delivering strategic value.Planning is specifying the goals to be achieved and deciding in advance the appropriate actions needed to achieve those goals.

question

Which of the following is true of the common practices of successful executives?

answer

They take responsibility for decisions. Successful executives ask "What needs to be done?" not just "What do I want to do?"They take responsibility for decisions. This requires checking up, revisiting, and changing if necessary.

question

Which of the following occurs when a person rises higher in a company?

answer

Conceptual skills become more important than technical skills. Technical skills are most important early in a person's career. Conceptual and decision skills become more important than technical skills as one rises higher in the company. But interpersonal skills are important throughout one's career, at every level of management.

question

Which of the following is a characteristic of the management function of controlling?

answer

Monitoring performance and making necessary changes. The fourth function of management, controlling, monitors performance and implements necessary changes. By controlling, managers make sure the organization's resources are being used as planned and the organization is meeting its goals such as quality and safety.

question

Managers who have to create and articulate a broad corporate purpose with which people can identify, and one to which people will enthusiastically commit are known as:

answer

top-level managers. Traditionally, the role of top-level managers has been to set overall direction by formulating strategy and controlling resources. But now top managers are more commonly called on to be not only strategic architects but also true organizational leaders. As leaders, they must create and articulate a broader corporate purpose with which people can identify—and one to which people will enthusiastically commit.

question

______is one of the ongoing challenges that characterize the current business landscape.

answer

Technological change. The four ongoing challenges that characterize the current business landscape are globalization, technological change, the importance of knowledge and ideas, and collaboration across organizational boundaries.

question

The skills of understanding oneself, managing oneself, and dealing effectively with others is called:

answer

emotional intelligence. Businesspeople often talk about emotional intelligence, or EQ—the skills of understanding oneself (including strengths and limitations), managing oneself (dealing with emotions, making good decisions, seeking and using feedback, exercising self-control), and dealing effectively with others (listening, showing empathy, motivating, leading, and so on).

question

_____ means keeping costs low enough so that the company can realize profits and price its products at levels that are attractive to customers.

answer

Cost competitiveness. Cost competitiveness means keeping costs low enough so that the company can realize profits and price its products (goods or services) at levels that are attractive to consumers.If a firm can offer a desirable product at a lower price, it is more likely to sell.

question

Companies that want to grow often:

answer

tap into international markets where incomes are rising and demand is increasing.

question

One of the key activities of an operational manager is:

answer

creating and pursuing new growth opportunities for the business. Frontline managers, or operational managers, are lower-level managers who supervise the operations of an organization. One of the key activities of an operational manager is creating and pursuing new growth opportunities for the business.

question

Which of the following is true of the modern approach to quality?

answer

It focuses on preventing defects before they occur. W. Edwards Deming, J. M. Juran, and other quality gurus convinced managers to take a more complete approach to achieving total quality. This includes preventing defects before they occur, achieving zero defects in manufacturing, and designing products for quality.

question

Which of the following is one of the most important processes of knowledge management?

answer

Planning. One of the most important processes of knowledge management is to ensure that people in different parts of the organization collaborate effectively with one another. Collaboration across boundaries occurs within and even beyond the boundaries of the organization itself.

question

The goodwill stemming from one's interpersonal relationships is known as:

answer

Social capital. Social capital is the goodwill stemming from one's social relationships, and it can be mobilized on one's behalf. It aids career success, compensation, employment, team effectiveness, successful entrepreneurship, and relationships with suppliers and other outsiders.

question

A more complete approach to achieving total quality would include:

answer

achieving zero defects in manufacturing. W. Edwards Deming, J. M. Juran, and other quality gurus convinced managers to take a more complete approach to achieving total quality. This includes preventing defects before they occur, achieving zero defects in manufacturing, and designing products for quality. The goal is to solve and eradicate from the beginning all quality-related problems and to live a philosophy of continuous improvement in the way the company operates.

question

_____ workers are those who primarily contribute their ideas and problem-solving expertise.

answer

Knowledge. Workers whose primary contributions are ideas and problem-solving expertise are often referred to as knowledge workers. Managing these workers poses some particular challenges such as knowing if they are doing a good job.

question

Which of the following is characteristic of frontline managers?

answer

They are the link between management and non-management personnel.Frontline managers are directly involved with non-management employees, implementing the specific plans developed with middle managers. This role is critical in the organization because these operational managers are the link between management and non-management personnel.

question

Which of the following is considered as an interpersonal role?

answer

Monitor. One of the interpersonal roles required in a manager is liaison—maintaining a network of outside contacts who provide information and favors.

question

Products do not sell forever, and competitors are introducing new products all the time. Therefore, a firm must _____, or it will die.

answer

Innovate. A firm must adapt to changes in consumer demands and to new competitors. Products don't sell forever; in fact, they don't sell for nearly as long as they used to because so many competitors are introducing so many new products all the time. A firm must innovate, or it will die.

question

Pluto Inc. is computer technology corporation that has been manufacturing laptops for the last five years. Recently, in the face of sinking market share, Pluto reduced its dependency on laptops by venturing into tablets and smartphones. This is an example of _____.

answer

Diversification.Diversification occurs when a firm invests in different types of businesses or products or when it expands geographically to reduce its dependence on a single market or technology.

question

Which of the following is a controllable environmental factor that can affect an organization?

answer

Cost leadership strategy. External factors that influence an organization are often uncontrollable. Examples include recession, government regulations, competitors' actions, and other factors. However, managers should not ignore controllable internal management issues.

question

Complexity and dynamism in the environment result in:

answer

environmental uncertainty.Environmental uncertainty means that managers do not have enough information about the environment to understand or predict the future. Uncertainty arises from two related factors: complexity and dynamism.

question

Which of the following refers to the immediate environment surrounding a firm, including suppliers, customers, rivals, and new entrants?

answer

Competitive environment. The competitive environment is the immediate environment surrounding a firm. It includes suppliers, customers, rivals, new entrants, and substitute products.

question

Which of the following is an example of a cooperative strategy to influence the environment?

answer

Contractual marketing systems. In some situations, two or more organizations work together using cooperative strategies to influence the environment. An example of contracting occurs when suppliers and customers, or managers and labor unions, sign formal agreements about the terms and conditions of their future relationships.

question

Identifying the best-in-class performance by a company in a given area, such as customer service, and then comparing the process to one's own is called _____.

answer

benchmarking. Benchmarking means identifying the best-in-class performance by a company in a given area, say product development or customer service, and then comparing your processes to theirs.

question

Differences in the way people dress and act, their interactions with each other and with customers, and what qualities are expected and appreciated by their managers and company are examples of the _____.

answer

Organization culture. Organization culture includes the way people dress and behave, the way they interact with each other and with customers, and the qualities that are likely to be valued by their managers.

question

Mercury Inc. is a successful tea manufacturer. The company recently branched out and announced a series of unique tea-flavored biscuits that will soon be available across all supermarkets. Which of the following is Mercury trying to do in this case?

answer

domaine selection. Domain selection is the entrance by a company into another suitable market or industry with an existing expertise. For example, the market may have limited competition or regulation, ample suppliers and customers, or high growth.

question

According to Michael Porter's competitive environment model, high switching costs increases _____.

answer

the power of suppliers . Dependence on suppliers, and thus their power, results from high switching costs, the fixed costs buyers face if they change suppliers. For example, once a buyer learns how to operate a supplier's equipment, such as computer software, the buyer faces both economic and psychological costs in changing to a new supplier.

question

Why is understanding an organization's environment important?

answer

Without this understanding, organizations tend to miss opportunities or make poor decisions. If managers do not understand how the environment affects their organizations or cannot identify opportunities and threats that are likely to be important, their ability to make decisions and execute plans will be severely limited.

question

Which of the following is a characteristic of a strong culture?

answer

Everyone believing in the firm's practices. A strong culture is one in which everyone understands and believes in the firm's goals, priorities, and practices. In contrast to strong cultures, weak cultures have the following characteristics: different people hold different values, there is confusion about corporate goals, and it is not clear from one day to the next what principles should guide decisions.

question

Which type of culture is externally oriented and flexible, with a strategic emphasis on growth, new resource acquisition, and innovation?

answer

Adhocracy culture. An adhocracy is externally oriented and flexible. This culture type emphasizes change in which growth, resource acquisition, and innovation.

question

The internal environment includes:

answer

culture and climate. The internal environment includes a firm's culture, climate, and values. The external environment includes all relevant forces outside the organization's boundaries.

question

Which of the following is true of a company's response to societal trends?

answer

Responding to social trends can affect a company's reputation in the marketplace. How companies respond to social issues may also affect their reputation in the marketplace, which in turn may help or hinder their competitiveness. Societal trends regarding how people think and behave have major implications for management of the labor force, corporate social actions, and strategic decisions about products and markets.

question

Raw materials, services, equipment, capital, and information are _____ for an organization.

answer

inputs. Inputs are the goods and services organizations take in and use to create products or services. It includes raw materials, services, equipment, capital, and information.

question

When clothing retailers reduce prices to clear out last season's merchandise to make room for new inventory, they are _____.

answer

smoothing. At the end of each clothing season, retailers discount their merchandise to clear it out to make room for incoming inventories. This is an example of smoothing environmental cycles to level off fluctuations in demand.

question

Which of the following is a component of Porter's competitive environment?

answer

Suppliers. The competitive environment includes rivalry among current competitors and the impact of new entrants, substitute and complementary products, suppliers, and customers.

question

Which of the following is a dominant attribute of a hierarchical culture?

answer

Rules and regulations. The hierarchical culture is internally oriented by more focus on control and stability. It values stability and assumes that individuals will comply with organizational mandates when roles are stated formally and enforced through rules and procedures

question

Which of the following is a demographic factor of an organization's macroenvironment?

answer

Employees' age. Demographics are measures of various characteristics of the people who make up groups or other social units, such as the workforce. Work groups, organizations, countries, markets, and societies can be described statistically by referring to demographic measures such as their members' age, gender, family size, income, education, occupation, and so forth.

question

In competition, a substitute is best described as a(n):

answer

alternative to a product. A substitute is a potential threat; customers use it as an alternative, buying less of one kind of product but more of another.

question

types of control systems

answer

-clan -bureaucratic -market

question

balance sheet and profit and loss statement are 2 financial statements that

answer

help control org performance

question

control process order

answer

1.establish standards of performance, goals or targets against which performance is to be evaluated. 2. measure actual performance 3. compare actual performance against chosen standards 4. evaluate the result and initiate corrective action if the standard is not being achieved

question

______ systems will be ineffective if employees engage in tactics aimed at beating the system

answer

control

question

price charged for one business unit for a good or service provided by another unit within an org is called

answer

transfer price

question

key financial rations are calculated from selected items on:

answer

balance sheet P&L statement

question

focusing on short term earnings and profits at the expense of longer term strategy is known as

answer

management mytopia

question

a sales budget includes sales forecasts by:

answer

-sales area -product -month

question

control systems are an important method of constraining people's behavior and making their behavior predictable; however it can lead to

answer

dysfunctional behavior

question

ABC process requires

answer

-employees break down what they do each day -managers spread expenses over employee actions

question

budgetary control process

answer

-establishing expectancies -budgetary ops stage -reinforcing successes and correcting problems

question

types of bureaucratic control

answer

-concurrent -feedforward -feedback

question

when designing a control system managers should remember to

answer

use multiple types of control

question

______ involves culture, shared values, beliefs, expectations, and trust. it works best when employees are empowered to make decisions

answer

clan control

question

steps in the control process

answer

-comparing performance to the standard -taking action to correct problems -setting performance standards -measuring performance

question

Last step of control process

answer

to take appropriate action when there are significant deviations

question

performance level inside an org can be measure using which of the following?

answer

-personal observations -oral reports -written reports

question

balance sheet itemizes

answer

-assets -stockholder's liability -stockholder's equity -liability

question

in large, diversified firms, ____ are used to regulate independent business units

answer

market controls

question

2 effects on pricing that occur as the result of using market controls

answer

-price becomes an indicator of the value of the good -price helps regulate productivity and performance

question

effective_____ maximize potential benefits and minimize dysfunctional behaviors

answer

control systems

question

3 types of control systems

answer

-market -bureaucratic -clan

question

____ any process that directs the activities of individuals toward the achievement of org goals

answer

control

question

a cash budget shows:

answer

-whether external financing is req' -anticipated receipts and expenditures -amount of cash available -working capital available

question

___ is one of the most widely recognized and commonly used methods of managerial control

answer

-budgetary control

question

info req for a production budget includes

answer

-types and capacities of machines -economic quantities to produce -availability of materials

question

balanced scorecard comprises which of the following sets of performance measures?

answer

-learning/growth -financial -customer satisfaction -business processes

question

firm's capital budget

answer

-equipment -plant or buildings

question

concurrent control is used at which stage of the process of transforming inputs into furnished goods and services?

answer

while plans are being carried out

question

effective control system

answer

-standards should be objective -expressed in quantitative terms -not capable of sabotage -should incorporate all important performance aspects

question

the ___ states that control enhanced by concentrating on the exceptions to, or significantly deviations form, the expected result or standard

answer

principle of exception

question

can be evaluated during a company's internal audit?

answer

-production efficiency -sales effectiveness -financial stability -earnings growth -energy use

question

managers should consider three types of potential employee responses to control including

answer

rigid bureaucratic behavior -resistance to control -tactical behavior

question

freeforward control is used at which stage of the process of transforming inputs into finished goods and services?

answer

input

question

feedback control is used at which stage of the process of transforming inputs into finished goods and services?

answer

output

question

an effective control system must be based on ___ performance standards

answer

-valid and accurate

question

the ___budget is used for areas of the org that incur expenses but no revenue, like HR

answer

cost

question

control system should emphasize_____ rather than focusing on controlling negative behavior alone

answer

positive behavior

question

allowing people to initiate their own corrective action encourages self-control and reduces the need for outside supervision.

answer

open book management

question

market controls involve the use of______ forces

answer

economic

question

____ is the process of finding out what's being done and comparing the results with the corresponding budget data to verify accomplishments or remedy differences

answer

budgetary control

question

the balanced scorecard incorporates elements of feedforward, concurrent, and ____ control

answer

feedback

question

____ helps an organization identify streams of activity and allocate costs according to time spent on particular activities

answer

activity based costing

question

type of control system that depends on pricing mechanisms and economic info to regulate activities within an org is known as a

answer

market control

question

the ____ shows a financial picture of a company at a given time

answer

balance sheet

question

In order to eval an orgs effectiveness, a manager might conduct

answer

-external audit -internal audit

question

a ______ control system is designed to measure progress toward performance goals and corrective measures, if necessary

answer

bureaucratic

question

a bureaucratic control system works best______

answer

when tasks are certain and workers are independent

question

effective control system should accomplish which of the following two goals?

answer

minimize dysfunctional behaviors -maximize potential benefits

question

which of the following is an example of communication

answer

-when employees participate in decision making -when employee report deviation in production -when employees give feedback

question

____ ties together feedforward control, concurrent control and feedback control at the point at which it is applied

answer

budgetary control

question

analysis for an external audit can include:

answer

-discovering the strengths and weakness of a competitor -determining the soundness of potential supplier -investigating other orgs for possible merger or acquisition

question

performance standards are set with respect to:

answer

-time used -cost -quantity -quality

question

types of issues that can be avoided with feedforward for of policies

answer

-public disclosure of corp info -workplace romance -tattoos/body art

question

when you compare performance with standard, and only pay attention to the deviation___ has occurred

answer

principal of exception

question

budget begins with an estimate of

answer

-sales -expected income

question

feedforward control is used at which stage of the process of transforming inputs into finished goods and services

answer

input

question

triple bottom line

answer

-financial performance -environmental impact -impact on employees and communities where company operates

question

what are reasons control systems based solely on bureaucratic and market mechanisms are insufficient for directing today's workforce?

answer

-employment relationship has changed -nature of management has changed -employees jobs are more complex

question

if managers use too much____, they can reduce the level of learning

answer

standardization

question

standard is a target that an org uses to

answer

-benchmark actual performance -establish a desired performance level -motivate performance among employees

question

assets are equal to liabilities plus

answer

stockholder's equit

question

leverage ratio that indicates the company's ability to meet its long term financial obligations?

answer

debt equity

question

the most common liquidity ratio is called:

answer

-current ratio

question

a manager designing a control system should evaluate the terms in three questions

answer

-does it provide enough info to each part of org about how other parts of the company are functioning? -proved people with data relevant to decisions they need to make? -provide the right amount of info to decision makers throughout the org?

question

a culture that makes it difficult to adapt to a changing environment results from______

answer

-close supervision -hierarchal authority

question

T/F market controls such as transfer prices provide natural incentives to keep costs down and quality up

answer

true mother ****er

question

control that helps managers deal with problems as they are occurring

answer

concurrent

question

the amount accruing to the corps owners is known as

answer

stockholder's equity

question

____ ratios show the relative amount of fund in the business supplied by creditors and shareholders

answer

leverage

question

_____ ratios indicate a company's ability to pay short term debts

answer

liquidity

question

balance sheet itemizes three elements ___, liabilities, and stockholder's equity

answer

assets

question

The activity-based costing approach results in:

answer

spreading costs over activities according to the time spent on each.

question

Bureaucratic control deals with:

answer

rules and regs

question

_____ is designed to reduce defects in all organization processes—not just product defects but anything that may result in customer dissatisfaction.

answer

six sigma

question

_____ is the fee charged by one unit for a good or service provided to another unit within the organization.

answer

transfer price

question

A common disadvantage of _____ control is the long time lags that often occur between performance and review, slowing down managerial response.

answer

feedback

question

When an organization investigates several companies as potential new suppliers, it is conducting a(n) _____ audit.

answer

external Any company can conduct external audits of competitors or other companies for its own strategic decision-making purposes. This type of analysis (1) investigates other organizations for possible merger or acquisition, (2) determines the soundness of a company that will be used as a major supplier, or (3) discovers the strengths and weaknesses of a competitor to maintain or better exploit the competitive advantage of the investigating organization.

question

_____ ratio is a leverage ratio that indicates a company's ability to meet its long-term financial obligations.

answer

debt equity

question

_____ has become an essential part of clan control because employees' jobs, the nature of management, and the employment relationship have all changed.

answer

Empowerment

question

_____ control systems are designed to measure progress toward set performance goals, and if necessary, to apply corrective measures to ensure that performance achieves managers' objectives.

answer

Bureaucratic

question

To increase the likelihood that employees will accept a control system, it should have performance standards that are:

answer

useful and achievable

question

A balance sheet shows the financial picture of a company at a given time and itemizes assets, liabilities, and _____.

answer

stockholder's equity

question

The principle of _____ states that only cases with significant deviation from the standard require corrective action, and that managers need not be concerned with performance that equals or closely approximates the expected results.

answer

exception

question

_____ refers to focusing on short-term earnings and profits at the expense of longer-term strategic obligations.

answer

management mytopia

question

Which of the following is typically considered part of a firm's capital budget?

answer

equipment

question

Which of the following types of control systems depends on pricing mechanisms and economic information to regulate activities within an organization?

answer

market control

question

_____ ratios indicate management's ability to generate a financial return on sales or investment.

answer

profitability

question

Which of the following should be the subsequent step in a typical control process after setting performance standards?

answer

measuring performance

question

A frank and open-minded discussion of four basic questions aimed at continuous improvement is referred to as a(n) _____.

answer

AAR

question

When legal experts advise companies to establish policies forbidding disclosure of proprietary information, they are exercising _____ control.

answer

feedforward

question

two types of stretch goals are

answer

-vertical -horizontal

question

3 needs ID'd by McClelland are critical to motivating people

answer

-achievement -power -affiliation

question

job _____ involves giving people additional tasks at the same time

answer

enlargement

question

according to hackman and oldham model of job design, positive outcomes occur when people experience positive psychological states which are

answer

-knowledge of actual results of work activities -experienced responsibility for outcome of work -experienced meaningfulness of the work

question

Maslow;s need heiracrchy

answer

-social -safety -ego -self actualization -physiological

question

process of sharing power with employees is called

answer

empowerment

question

to be effective managers must motivate people to:

answer

-remain in the organization -come to work regularly -join the org

question

to discourage behavior, _____may be used

answer

punishment

question

broad categories that affect people working on their jobs according to herbergs theory

answer

-motivators -hygiene factors

question

____ refers to the perceived likelihood that performance will be followed by a particular outcome

answer

-instrumentality

question

a ____ reward if a reward that the person derives directly from performing the job itself

answer

intristic

question

ways people can restore equity when they feel they are being treated inequitably

answer

-reduce their inputs by giving less effort -performing at lower levels or quitting -ask for a raise -work harder or put forth more effort

question

managers must motivate people to

answer

-join the org -remain in the org -come to work regularly -perform -exhibit good citizenship

question

according to _____ people must satisfy their needs from bottom to top of the hierarchy

answer

maslow

question

ways to empower employees

answer

-providing more access to resources -increasing authority at all levels -allowing independent judgement

question

what must take place in order for a firms reward system to support the firms strategy?

answer

-employees rewarded for building new skills that are critical to strengthening core competencies -are rewarded for creating value -rewarded for developing themselves strategically important ways

question

Herzberg's two-factor theory describes people's work_____ and satisfaction

answer

motivation

question

____ is a human needs theory--people have 3 basic sets of needs that can operate simultaneously

answer

alderfer's ERG theory

question

impacts of empowerment on employees

answer

-feel capable of performing their jobs with skill -perceive meaning in their work -sense of self determination

question

goal-setting theory is what type of theory?

answer

motivation

question

2 key factors that people use to assess how fairly they have been treated are_____

answer

-outcomes -inputs

question

a set of perceptions of what an employee owes their employer and what their employer owes them is called a ______

answer

psychological contract

question

herzberg made several contributions to understanding motivation. ID those

answer

-set stage for hackman/oldham theory -highlighted the distinction between extrinsic and intrinsic rewards -reminded managers not to count solely on extrinsic rewards to motivate workers

question

consequences of work life programs

answer

-better health -netter attitudes -better business performance

question

ways to offer feedback to employees on their performance

answer

-providing statistics on work that the employee directly influenced -by conducting performance reviews regularly

question

accurate descriptions of new psychological contract

answer

-company will keep providing about the same pay with small increases -company will provide job if it can -employees will need to do their own jobs as well as extra work when others are downsized

question

fear causes people to do?

answer

-focus on themselves rather than the group or org -focus on short term

question

a theory proposing that people will behave based on their perceived likelihood that their effort will lead to a certain outcome and how highly they value that outcome, is called the______

answer

expectancy theory

question

which theory suggest that there are three universal needs: existence, relatedness, and growth which constitute a hierarchy of needs and motivate behavior

answer

erg

question

provide inartistic motivation

answer

-freedom to pursue interesting tasks -a challenging problem -a chance to create something new

question

the ____ theory states that people assess how fairly they have been treated according to two key factors: outcomes and inputs

answer

equity

question

in order to motivate employees, managers should help create a workplace that provides which of the following?

answer

-resources -challenging assignments -training -autonomy -responsibility

question

the____ has to support the firm's strategy, defining people' performance in ways that pursue strategic objectives

answer

reward system

question

broad factors that affect people working on their jobs according to herzberg

answer

-motivators -hygiene factors

question

implications of expectancy theory

answer

-managers need to make performance instrumental toward positive outcomes -managers need to increase expectancies -need to POSITIVELY ID valiant outcomes

question

impact of procedural justice can differ by culture, impact is strongest amongst nations characterized by

answer

-uncertainty avoidance -femininity -individualism

question

the application of reinforcement theory in org settings is called

answer

org behavior modification

question

herzberg motivator hygiene theory highlights the distinction between _____ and _____

answer

-extrinsic -instrinsic

question

leverage point that addresses providing employees with a work environment that facilitates good performance is known as

answer

increasing expectations

question

true about feedback at work

answer

it's up to me to get feedback i need -learning what i need to know about myself will help me ID needs and create new opportunities -i need to know things about my performance and behavior -taking initiative on this gives me more power and influence over my career

question

when managers want employees to continue performing certain behaviors they use

answer

-positive reinforcement -negative reinforcement

question

Maslow's human motivation

answer

-ID importatant needs -helpful general levels of needs where lower levels must be satisfied before higher levels -alerted managers to importance of personal growth/self actualization

question

according to equity theory, people compare the ration of their own outcomes to inputs against ___

answer

outcome to input ration of a comparision other

question

accurate descriptions of new psych contract

answer

-employees will need to do their own jobs as well as extra work when others are downsized -company will keep providing same pay with small increases periodically company will provide job if it can

question

employees with a ____locus of control tend to attribute results to luck or fate

answer

external

question

first two consequences, + and - reinforcement are + for the person receiving them, the last two, punishment and extinction are?

answer

Negative

question

costs usually __ in the short term when empowerment is implemented

answer

increase

question

motivational theory that builds on, but differs from mallow's theory is called

answer

Aldeferer's erg theory

question

internationally....

answer

managers in japan are more motivated by security

question

SMART

answer

-specific -measurable -achievable -results based -time specific

question

job ____ is intended to alleviate boredom by giving people different things to do at different times

answer

rotation

question

law of effect laid the foundation for countless investigations into the effects of positive consequences called

answer

reinforcers

question

____ is the completion of a while, identifiable piece of work

answer

task identity

question

job ____ means that jobs are restructured by adding higher levels of responsibility

answer

enrichment

question

Implication of the expectancy theory

answer

-need to make performance instrumental toward positive outcomes -need to positively ID valiant outcomes -increase expectancies

question

brown flynn employees felt motivated bc the company offered them challenges, leadership opportunities and

answer

mutual respect

question

the need for____ reflects a strong desire to be liked by other people

answer

affiliation

question

2nd belief described by expectancy theory is known as___. this is the perceived likelihood that performance will be followed by a particular outcome

answer

instrumentality

question

_____ is a consequence a person receives for his/her actions

answer

outcome

question

_____ is the degree to which individuals want personal and psychological development

answer

growth need strength

question

____ is the value an outcome holds for the person contemplating it

answer

valence

question

____ is the value the person places on the outcome

answer

valence

question

the fundamental processes that influence the motivation of all people are described by goal setting, reinforcement and ____ theories

answer

expectancy

question

the ___ theory describes how a person's work efforts lead to a level of work performance

answer

expectancy

question

the hackman and oldham model offers insight into ____ as a way to motivate workers

answer

job design

question

The use of reinforcement or punishment in organizational settings is an integral part of:

answer

organizational behavior modification.

question

Job enrichment would be more successful for people with:

answer

high growth need strength.

question

A psychological contract is described as:

answer

a set of perceptions of what employees owe their employers, and what their employers owe them.

question

Following Herzberg's model, Hackman and Oldham proposed a more complete model of _____.

answer

job design

question

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following needs would one seek to satisfy first?

answer

physiological

question

_____ performance goals can be dysfunctional when people work in a group if the goals create competition among team members.

answer

individual

question

Which of the following is one of the eight categories of quality of work life programs?

answer

Fair compensation

question

Harry has been promoted because of his hard work. Judy, his colleague, feels that it is unfair and that he does not deserve the promotion. In this case, Judy illustrates _____.

answer

negative valence

question

Which of the following best describes extinction?

answer

It refers to withdrawing or failing to provide a reinforcing consequence.

question

Motivation for employees can come from an interesting project, a completed sale, or the discovery of a perfect solution, all of which are examples of:

answer

intrinsic rewards.

question

The goal-setting theory states that:

answer

people have conscious goals that energize them and direct their thoughts and behaviors toward a particular end.

question

Targets that are particularly demanding and sometime even thought to be impossible are known as _____ goals.

answer

stretch

question

Herzberg's two-factor theory highlights the distinction between:

answer

intrinsic and extrinsic rewards.

question

Which of the following best describes motivation?

answer

Forces that energize, direct, and sustain a person's efforts

question

Key beliefs in the expectancy theory include expectancy and _____.

answer

instrumentality

question

According to the expectancy theory, _____ is the link between performance and outcome.

answer

instrumentality

question

According to McClelland's needs theory, the need for _____ involves a strong desire to be liked by other people.

answer

affiliation

question

Rachel has been exceeding her targets for the past two months, and therefore her boss decided to give her a bonus. This is an example of _____ reinforcement.

answer

positive

question

A person can restore _____ in a number of ways by behaviorally or perceptually changing inputs and outcomes.

answer

equity

question

approach that focuses on individual leaders and attempts to determine the personal characteristics that great leaders share is called the____ approach

answer

trait

question

participative leadership behaviors are appropriate when

answer

people have an internal locus of control

question

Hershey and Blanchards situational theory states that before deciding whether task performance or maintenance behaviors are important, managers should consider an employees

answer

-psychological maturity -job maturity

question

Manager behavior

answer

-establish/implement org procedures -accountable for goal accomplishment

question

leader behavior

answer

-develop visions for orgs -provide meaning/purpose for employees

question

2 key situations factos in path-goal theory are personal characteristics of ____, and the environmental pressures and demands they must cope with

answer

followers

question

_____ decision making is when managers involve their employees in making decisions

answer

participative

question

According to Fiedler, which 3 of the following determine the favorability of a situation

answer

-position power -task structure leader-member relations

question

Leader-Member Exchange, LMX theory highlights the importance of leader behaviors towards individuals T/F

answer

True

question

reasons visions can be inappropriate

answer

-ignore stakeholders needs -may not reflect current environment of the org -reflect leaders personal needs

question

effective leaders must articulate and clearly _____ an org's vision

answer

communicate

question

if an employee is an independent thinker, who works best when left alone, it is counterproductive to use____leadership behaviors to instruct that employee

answer

directive

question

_____ performance behaviors are actions taken to ensure the work group or org makes a profit

answer

task

question

behavioral approach to leadership attempts to ID

answer

what leaders do

question

managers who were high on maintenance behaviors had____

answer

-fewer grievances from their employees -less turnover

question

most effective followers are capable of ____ thinking

answer

independent

question

effective leasers must point the way and clear the path so others can_____

answer

succeed

question

3 key characteristics of path-goal theory?

answer

-authoritarianism -locus of control -ability

question

the ___ model of leadership emphasizes how leaders go about making decisions

answer

vroom

question

a leader who makes subs aware of the importance of their jobs and performance to the org and their needs for growth and motivates them to work for the good of the org is a ___ leader

answer

transformational

question

path-goal theory, 3 functions of a leader are to

answer

-increase opps for personal satisfaction -reduce barriers to goal attainment -provide coaching and direction

question

fielder used term "leader style" to refer to the characteristic approach of a manager toward leadership.

answer

-task oriented -relationship oriented

question

T?F path-goal is concerned with how leaders influence follower's perceptions of their work goals and the paths they follow toward goal attainment

answer

true

question

____ leaders give purpose and meaning to orgs

answer

strategic

question

___ leadership seeks info, opinions and preferences to make a decision

answer

democratic

question

____ is the ability to influence other people in an org is defined as:

answer

power

question

exemplifies transformational leader?

answer

-jeff bezos -lee lacocca

question

group maintenance is one of the categories of the ___ approach

answer

behavioral

question

directive leadership is appropriate when followers

answer

-have low abilities -are authoritarian

question

it is equally important for managers to follow as it is for them to___

answer

lead

question

when leaders vary their behavior to meet the needs of the specific situation, they are practicing the:

answer

situational approach to leadership

question

which of the following are methods successful leaders have used to develop their leadership skills?

answer

-attending seminars on skill development -observing methods and skills of their managers -learning from their mistakes -reading leadership and professional development books

question

which of following methods successful leaders have used t develop their leadership skills?

answer

-attending seminars on skill development -observing methods and skills of their managers -learning from their mistakes -reading leadership and other professional books

question

transformational leadership theory emphasizes influencing followers through:

answer

-intellectually stimulating subordinates -being a charismatic leader -engaging in developmental consideration

question

what do outstanding leaders have that provides direction, and the inspiration to move the org toward it?

answer

a vision

question

_____ leadership involves making decisions and announcing them to the group

answer

autocratic

question

leaders have ____ power as a result of subordinate and coworker respect, admiration and loyalty

answer

referent

question

group maintenance behaviors are taken to ensure the satisfaction of group members, develop and maintain harmonious work relationships, and

answer

-preserve the stability of the group

question

according to path-goal theory, which of the following statements regarding the importance of follower characteristics is/are true?

answer

-ability is peoples beliefs about their abilities to perform their jobs -authoritarianism is the degree to which individuals defer to authority -locus of control is the extent to which people believe they can affect their environment

question

which is NOT an important skill or strategy that contributes to effective transformational leadership?

answer

command respect

question

authentic leaders posses which of the following characteristics?

answer

-trustworthiness -honesty -reliability -genuineness -integrity

question

5 sources of leadership

answer

-expert -legitimate -coercive -referent -reward

question

following acts of courage are required for a leader to fulfill his vision?

answer

-persisting despite resistance -saying what needs to be said to those that need to hear it -seeing things as they are and facing them head on

question

among the 1st to acknowledge and explain that leadership effectiveness is reliant on both the situation and the person and why a leader is effective in one situation and ineffective in another is fielders__model of leadership

answer

contingency

question

managers' ability to control the valued rewards is using their____power

answer

reward

question

path-goal theory, 4 pertinent leadership behaviors are

answer

-achievement -supportive -directive -participative

question

______ leadership seeks info, opinions, and preferences to make a decision

answer

democratic

question

the essence of a ___- leader is having a vision and enthusiastically communicating it to others. a quiet and earnest person as well as the larger than life type of person can portray this quality

answer

charismatic

question

personal characteristics of ____ and environmental pressures are two facts that determine which leadership behaviors are most appropriate in the path-goal theory

answer

followers

question

according to ohio state studies, effective leaders should exhibit _____

answer

high levels of maintenance and high levels of performance behaviors

question

ways a leader's vision can contribute to org

answer

-necessary for effective leadership -can be developed across org -helps develop leaders within org

question

according to hershey and blanchard, the key factor of situational theory is the ____ of the followers

answer

maturity

question

a vision expresses the leader's ____ for the organization

answer

ambitions

question

4 skills/strategies that contribute to transformational leadership

answer

-having a vision -postitive self regard -communicating the vision -building trust

question

manager's ability to punish others is their ____ power

answer

coercive

question

how a leader behaves influences people's ____ and performance

answer

attitudes

question

T/F Leaders who pursue their own interests and ignore their follower's real needs are said to be pseudotransformational

answer

true

question

in exhibiting group maintenance behaviors, the goal is to preserve the __of the group

answer

stability

question

_____ leadership provides guidance and support for day-to-day activities

answer

supervisory

question

effective followers are

answer

-capable of independent thinking -actively committed to the org

question

a _____ leader is someone whose main purpose is to work for the benefit of others

answer

servant

question

leadership assessment is info about both your current levels of performance and

answer

your primary development needs

question

when a substitute for leadership is present, a manager is free to use time to find new

answer

ways to improve org effectiveness and efficiency

question

effective leaders have a high level of ______ about their business and technical matters

answer

knowledge

question

the best visions are both unique and convey an

answer

ideal

question

traditional approaches to leadership include which of the following?

answer

-behavioral -trait -situational

question

outstanding leaders combine good strategic substance and effective interpersonal processes that produce:

answer

-sustainable competitive advantage -results

question

formal/informal support is important to leaders because it helps them to

answer

-handle struggles -stay the course

question

participative behavior is esp helpful when___ is needed

answer

subordinate support of a decision

question

leadership motivation

answer

-need for power -desire to lead

question

actions taken to ensure the satisfaction of group members are___behaviors

answer

group maintence

question

personality characteristics of drive

answer

-high levels of energy -initiative -persistence in the dace of adversity -high need for achievement -ambition

question

psychological maturity is defined as an employee's self-___ and self-____

answer

-respect -confidence

question

to being developing your personal leadership style you should:

answer

-become competent in your chosen field -establish credibility -learn from your mistakes

question

following experiences you should seek in developing your personal leadership style?

answer

-challenging assignments -overcome ideas and deals that failed -exposure to positive role models

question

5 key behaviors that people want and need from their leaders according to kouzes and posner

answer

-create change by challenging the process -model the way -empower others -encourage the heart -inspire a shared vision

question

important for leaders to posses self confidence in order to

answer

-overcome obstacles -make decisions despite uncertainty -instill confidence in others

question

contemporary leadership approaches

answer

-authentic -charismatic -transformational

question

formal or informal support is important to leaders because it helps them to

answer

-stay the course -handle struggles

question

shared leadership is characterized by the rotation of people through the leadership role based on which person has ___-

answer

the most relevant skills

question

a combination of strong professional will and humility that builds enduring greatness describes ____ leadership

answer

level 5

question

a leader that leads interdepartmental cooperation is an____ leader

answer

intergroup

question

leadership behavior such as trust, open communication, mutual respect, mutual obligation, and mutual loyalty all work to improve relationships according to the ____ theory

answer

leader member exchange

question

three components must be present in effective developmental experiences, assessment, challenge, and

answer

support

question

a style in which the leader is true to himself is

answer

authentic

question

appropriateness of democratic leadership depends on the characteristics of leaders, the followers and

answer

the situation

question

effective followers are valuable to orbs because they

answer

master skills that are useful

question

characteristics of relationship oriented behavior

answer

-friendly/considerate -showing appreciation -setting org goals -demonstrating trust/confidence -keeping people informed

question

external locus of control means that whatever happens is a result of

answer

luck/fate

question

maintenance behaviors are most important for followers with___ levels of maturity

answer

moderate

question

task-oriented behaviors include planning, scheduling, coordinating, providing resources, and ____

answer

setting performance goals

question

the absence of managerial decision making is known as___leadership

answer

laissez-faire

question

the level of a follower's skills is known as___ maturity, and his self confidence is psychological maturity

answer

job

question

the performance and maintenance behaviors of leadership are ____ each other.

answer

independent of

question

Phil is an interior designer with 12 years of experience. In the firm he works, new people go to him for instructions or advice. In this scenario, Phil clearly has _____ power

answer

expert

question

According to Tannenbaum and Schmidt's classic Harvard Business Review article, managers should consider three factors before deciding how to lead: forces in the manager, forces in the subordinate, and forces in the _____

answer

situation

question

Which of the following leadership perspectives attempts to identify what good leaders do?

answer

Behavioral approach

question

As one of the developmental experiences that individuals should seek, assignments involve:

answer

building something from nothing.

question

_____ leadership behavior provides guidance, support, and corrective feedback for day-to-day activities.

answer

Supervisory

question

_____ concerns how leaders influence subordinates' perceptions of their task objectives and the way they work toward attainment of those objectives.

answer

Path-goal theory

question

A leader who exhibits a(n) _____ style will make decisions alone, without soliciting input from others.

answer

autocratic

question

Which of the following best describes pseudotransformational leaders?

answer

Leaders who talk a good game, but ignore followers' real needs as their own self-interests take precedence.

question

_____ leaders are those who motivate people to transcend their personal interests for the good of the group.

answer

Transformational

question

Which of the following is a situational model that focuses on the participative dimension of leadership?

answer

The Vroom model

question

Three general categories of leadership behavior are related to group maintenance, employee participation in decision making, and _____.

answer

task performance

question

_____ behaviors refer to actions taken to ensure the satisfaction of team members, develop and maintain harmonious work relationships, and preserve the social stability of the group

answer

Group maintenance

question

Which of the following is a key behavior of the best leaders according to Kouzes and Posner?

answer

Inspire a shared vision The best leaders use a set of five key behaviors identified by James Kouzes and Barry Posner, two well-known authors and consultants, which are (1) challenge the process, (2) inspire a shared vision, (3) enable others to act, (4) model the way, and (5) encourage the heart.

question

_____ leadership does not involve a hierarchical, superior-subordinate relationship but instead invites colleagues at the same level to solve problems together

answer

Lateral

question

Katana is using a leadership model to help her decide how to approach a current business problem. The model is funnel-like, where she looks at successive problem characteristics such as significance, importance of commitment, and leader and team expertise. Answering high or low to these, she will end up with the most efficient and appropriate decision style for this problem. Katana is using _____.

answer

the Vroom model of leadership The Vroom model operates like a funnel. Individuals answer the questions one at a time, choosing high or low for each, sometimes skipping questions as they follow the appropriate path. Eventually they reach one of 14 possible endpoints. For each endpoint, the model states which of five decision styles is most appropriate. Several different decision styles may work, but the style recommended is the one that takes the least time.

question

Muriel has taught at a public elementary school for six years, and every year she simply gets the raise given to all of the teachers at her school, regardless of her performance. She has spoken to the principal about this, and has been told that it is based on the current union contract wherein job performance is not currently considered in awarding raises. Here the union contract limits the principal's _____.

answer

reward power

question

_____ is a leadership philosophy characterized by an absence of managerial decision making.

answer

Laissez-faire

question

Managers can spend less time in direct attempts to influence people when:

answer

substitutes for leadership are operating.

question

Which of the following statements is true of an organization's vision?

answer

The best organizational vision is that which is both ideal and unique.

question

Differentiation

answer

means that the organization is composed of many units that work on different kinds of tasks, using different skills and work methods

question

Integration

answer

means that these differentiated units are put back together so that work is coordinated into an overall product

question

Division of labor

answer

means the work of the organization is subdivided into smaller tasks. Various individuals and units throughout the organization perform different tasks

question

Specialization

answer

refers to the fact that different people or groups often perform specific parts of the larger task.

question

Which is true about matrix organizations

answer

-employees have two bosses -its a hybrid for of organization -functional and divisional forms overlap

question

Effective delegation

answer

-define the goal succinctly -select the person for the task -solicit the subordinate's views about suggested approach -give the subordinate the authority, time, resource -schedule checkpoints for reviewing progress -follow through by discussing progress at appropriate intervals

question

top______ _____ typically are composed of the CEO, CFO, COO, president, and other key executives

answer

management team

question

randal robinson works within the field of research and development (R) for MNOP Corporation. Therefore, Randal works for a _______ department, rather than a line of department

answer

staff

question

three basic approaches to departmentalization

answer

-matrix -functional -divisional

question

A ______ organization departmentalizations its units around products, customers, or geographic regions

answer

divisional

question

which organizational structure is composed of dual reporting relationships in which some managers report to two superiors

answer

Matrix

question

units that deal directly with the organization's primary goods and services are referred to as:

answer

line departments

question

the number of subordinates that report directly to a manager is known as the managers___of____

answer

span; control

question

what depicts the positions in the firm (reporting structure) and the way they are arranged? (division of labor)

answer

organization chart

question

corporate____is a term describing the oversight of the firm by its executive staff and board of directors

answer

governance

question

a divisional organization departmentalizes its units around:

answer

-products -geographic regions -customers

question

_____ departments are those that have responsibility for the principal activities of the firm

answer

line

question

_______ means that a person is assigned a task that he/she is supposed to carry out

answer

responsibility

question

Top Management team

answer

CEO, CFO, President

question

_____ constrains actions and integrates various units by regulating what people do

answer

standardization

question

In a ____ organization, departments are specialized and grouped according to business functions and the skills

answer

functional

question

legitimate right to make decisions and tell people what to do?

answer

authority

question

three broad levels of the organizational pyramid are commonly called the

answer

hierarchy

question

disadvantages of the matrix structure?

answer

-manager jockeying for power -dual bosses -difficulty with accountability

question

the____organization is a collection of independent, mostly single-function firms that collaborate to produce a good or service

answer

network

question

____ departments support the line departments by providing specialized/professional skills

answer

staff

question

Coordination methods

answer

-coordination by standardization -by mutual adjustment -plans

question

an organization with departmentalization around specialized activities is called a ____ org

answer

functional

question

when middle managers give orders to first line supervisors direct operative-level workers this exemplifies

answer

authority

question

when decision making is spread throughout an organization it is considered highly

answer

decentralized

question

which of the following statements are true about an organization chart?

answer

-depicts level of authority/responsibility to assigned positions in the company -provides a picture of the reporting structure of a company -depicts the arrangement of positions in a company

question

procedures that link the various parts of the org for the purpose of achieving the org's overall mission are called

answer

coordination

question

a collaborative process, in which the manager and participants develop a shared sense of ownership for the work they are doing, will generate better

answer

-participation in the project -commitment to the outcomes -ideas for the project

question

this concept refers to issues pertaining to authority within an organization, the board of directors, the CEP, and hierarchical levels

answer

vertical integration

question

which of the following statements apply to the role of integration in an organization as it relates to the completion of tasks?

answer

-recommended for highly differentiated and complex companies -structured mechanisms to enhance collaboration/coordination -activities formed to link the work of different units

question

techniques managers can use to reduce the need for information

answer

-create self contained tasks -create slack resources

question

coordination methods

answer

-mutual adjustment -planning -standardization

question

generally, people at higher levels in the organization have ______ to make decisions and tell lower level people what to do

answer

authority

question

in a _______ organization, departments are specialized and grouped according ti business functions and the skills they require

answer

functional

question

which of the following are reasons why organization are moving to a flatter organization structure with fewer layers.

answer

-fast-acting -cost-effective -more efficient

question

an organization with departmentalization around specialized activities, such as production, marketing, or human resources is called a ________ organization

answer

functional

question

which of the following are horizontal processes that may be used to increase the org's info processing capability as uncertainty increases

answer

-liaison roles -task forces/team -direct contact

question

which of the following are advantages of the functional approach to departmentalization

answer

-monitoring of the environment is more effective -performance standards are better maintained -economies of scale are realized

question

advantages of matrix organizations?

answer

-higher demand of flexibility -higher degree of adaptability

question

managers can reduce the need for information by creating ______ resources and self-contained ______

answer

slack, tasks

question

shortcomings of the functional form except:

answer

decision making and lines of communications are single

question

which of the following are disadvantages of product departmentalization

answer

-duplication of effort -it's difficult to coordinate across product lines and divisions

question

when middle managers give orders to first-line supervisors and first-line supervisors direct operative level workers, this exemplifies:

answer

authority

question

elements of a traditional org chart?

answer

-boxes representing the work performed in each unit -title in boxes representing the work performed in each unit -levels of management indicating the number of horizontal layers in the chart

question

structural differentiation is created through which of the following?

answer

-job specialization -division of labor

question

this concept refers to issues pertaining to authority within an organization, the board of directors, the CEO and hierarchical levels

answer

vertical differentiation

question

Coordination by______ allows interdependent units to modify and adapt their actions as long as they meet the deadlines /targets required for working with others

answer

plan

question

the degree to which differentiated work units work together and coordinate their efforts is called_____

answer

integration

question

advantages of the product approach to departmentalization

answer

- info needs are manged more easily -people have a full time commitment to a particular product line -task responsibilities are clear

question

a firm wishing to be a true ______ should have people who engage in disciplined thinking

answer

learning organization

question

an organization where job holder's responsibilities increase as need arises and communication occurs through advice and information has ______ structure

answer

an organic

question

allow companies to be adaptive and sensitive to changes in their environments and respond to them quickly, thus to be more agile?

answer

-org structures -org designs -org systems

question

flexible factories differ from traditional factories by all of the following except:

answer

-longer production times x-providing more production options x-lot size, flow patterns, scheduling x-provifing a greater variety of products

question

the larger an organization, the more likely that it will develop_____

answer

-economies of scale -economies of scope

question

huge, complex organizations face such problems as bureaucracy and __________

answer

complacency

question

lean manufacturing strives for high quality, speed, and _______

answer

flexibility

question

managers in progressive companies do which of the following?

answer

-prepare for an uncertain future -place a premium on being able to act quickly -act in accordance with customer needs and outside pressures

question

this type of org seeks to maximize efficiency

answer

-mechanistic organization

question

a company's value chain can build competitive advantage when, through it, the company does all of the following except:

answer

-increasing stock prices X-achieves economies of scale X-links the elements in innovative ways X-develops innovative distro channels

question

in order for organizations to gain the flexibility and agility that todays dynamic organizations require, they must appropriately design which of the following

answer

-info flows -organizational structure -technology -organizational processes

question

large-size organizations often lead to increased_____

answer

scale economies

question

being both a big and small organization can be achieved by___________

answer

-organizing around small, adaptive team-based work units -avoiding problems of growth and size -decentralizing decision making

question

accurate descriptions of strategic alliances

answer

-social links are formed b/w participating orgs -participating orgs accept joint ownership -individual orgs share admin authority

question

traditional downsizing was used by a company when there was a fall in _____ of a product or service in the short run

answer

demand

question

orgs need to be responsive so they can:

answer

-constantly seek new ways to meet their customer's needs -build a competitive advantage for the future -react to shifts in customer service

question

dr, kenichi ohm developed the strategic triangle to identify three key players that businesses must take into account:

answer

-company, competitors, customers

question

amazon displays:

answer

-acting small -being big

question

_______ allow organizations to respond to customer demands and environments threats faster and less expensively than their own

answer

strategic alliances

question

ind. orgs share administrative authority, social links, and accept joint ownership when they form a ____

answer

strategic alliance

question

successfully developing leadership in core competencies can increase a company's _____

answer

responsiveness -competitiveness

question

T/F large orgs are typically less organic and more bureaucratic

answer

true

question

managers who wish to strengthen their firm's core competencies should focus on:

answer

-ID'ing existing core competencies -investing in core comp. to remain better than competitors -extending competencies for future applications -acquiring or building competencies for the future

question

to capitalize on the advantages of size, companies should strive to be both_____ and ______

answer

big and small

question

particular form/degree of organic structure depends on the company's_____

answer

-tech -size -strategy customers

question

managers who want to strengthen their firm's____can do so by focusing on issues surrounding the firm's core competencies

answer

competitiveness

question

primary activities in generic value chain?

answer

-inbound logistics -outbound logistics -marketing

question

_______ is the systematic application of scientific knowledge to a new product, process, or service

answer

technology

question

refers to an approach that uses statistical tools to analyze the cause of product defects and aims to defect-free outputs

answer

six sigma

question

organizing approach based on a commitment to making an operation both efficient and effective and continually strives for improvement is called______

answer

lean manufacturing

question

allow companies to be adaptive and sensitive to changes in their environment and respond to them quickly, thus be more agile?

answer

-org systems -org structures -org designs

question

company's value chain can build competitive advantage when, through it, the company

answer

-links the elements in innovative in innovative ways -develops innovative distribution -achieves economies of scale

question

"if you were a customer, how would you like us to operate?"

answer

reengineering

question

paper plus manufactures toilet paper and paper towels bc there is such similarity in the materials used for production of these goods as well as in the processes used in production, paper plus has an_____

answer

economy of scope

question

when managers screen potential partners, they should consider financial terms and each other's_____

answer

area of expertise

question

CEOS share their _____ with other ket members of the top management team

answer

authority

question

informal authority can come from:

answer

-expertise -personal qualities -experience

question

_____ ______ describes the role of a corporation's executive staff and board of directors in ensuring that the firm's activities meet the goals of the firm's stakeholders

answer

corporate governance

question

creating self-contained____ refers to changing from a functional organization to a product or project organization and giving each unit the resources it needs

answer

tasks

question

an approach that involves feedback and discussions to jointly figure out how to approach problems and devise solutions that are agreeable to everyone

answer

coordination by mutual adjustment

question

the assignment of a a task that an employee is supposed to carry out is called his/her _________

answer

responsibility

question

______ resources are simple extra resources on which organizations can rely on in a pinch

answer

slack

question

which of the following does an organization chart provide?

answer

-a picture of the various activities carried out by different individuals -a picture of the reporting structure

question

which of the following are elements of a traditional organizational chart?

answer

-levels of management indicating the number of horizontal layers in the chart -boxes representing different work -title in boxes representing the work performed in each unit.

question

NOT appropriate when delegating?

answer

managers should use delegation to pass responsibility to their subordinates.

question

formal position______ is generally the primary means of running an organization and is exemplified by orders that a boss gives to a lower-level employee being carried out

answer

authority

question

an aspect of the organization's internal environment created by job specialization and the division of labor is known as ______

answer

differentiation

question

which of the following are horizontal processes that may be used to increase the organization's information-processing capability as uncertainty increases?

answer

-liaison roles -task forces/teams -direct contact

question

as tasks of organizations become increasingly complex, the organization inevitably must be_____ into smaller units or departments

answer

departmentalized

question

a wide span of control builds a _____organization

answer

flat

question

when interdependent units are required to meet deadlines and objectives for a common goal, this approach is known as:

answer

coordination by plan

question

shortcomings of the functional form?

answer

-lines of communication and coordination are more complex -managers become specialists but not generalist -employees care more about the function than about the company

question

it is quite common for people to have more____ then____

answer

responsibility; authority

question

______ may be valuable when departments have different priorities or conflicting goals, which need to be mediated by top management

answer

centralization

question

a person who assembles and coordinates participants in a network is referred to as a

answer

broker

question

companies in simple, stable environments have____levels of differentiation

answer

low

question

to cope with high uncertainty and heavy information demands, managers can use which two general strategies?

answer

-increase the capacity to handle more information -reduce the need for information

question

reasons for separating the position of CEO and the chairman of the board?

answer

-prepare for successor to the ceo -unseat/reduce CEO power -improve corporate governance

question

should NEVER be delegated

answer

-conducting performance reviews -discipling subordinates

question

focus of many boards in wake of scandals/lawsuits?

answer

-audits -financial reporting -laws against discrimination

question

four-person diamond matrix structure include:

answer

-product managers must collaborate and mane conflicts with functional managers -employees must learn how to respond to two superiors and prioritize multiple demands -functional managers must collaborate and manage conflicts with product managers -top execs need to balance power/emphasis between functions and divisions

question

a wide span of control build a _____ organization

answer

flat

question

this is generally the primary means of running an organization and is exemplified by orders that a boss gives to a lower-level employee being carried out

answer

formal position authority

question

formalization is considered the appropriate method for organizations to use to improve coordination and eliminate uncertainty in ____situations

answer

stable

question

which of the following are techniques managers can use to increase information processing?

answer

-create horizontal relationships -invest in information systems

question

Which of the following is not a role that brokers perform to aid integration and coordination in a network structured organization?

answer

implementing role.

question

which of the following are advantages of both the product and customer/regional approach to departmentalization

answer

-focus on customer needs -provide faster and better service

question

in response to corp. scandals related to governance at firms like Enron and WorldCom, congress:

answer

-passed the Sarbanes-Oxley act imposing tighter rules on corporate governance

question

which of the following statements serve to illustrate the conflicts between line and staff departments?

answer

-success of line managers is based on their knowledge of the organization and it's environment -success of staff managers is based on their knowledge and expertise in the functional area they oversee

question

the person who gets a delegated assignment should be given:

answer

-resources -time -authority

question

this type of departmentalization is primarily useful in a stable environment with a low need for flexibility

answer

functional

question

_____ and ______ refer to the way all parts of the organization will work together

answer

integration; coordination

question

how can small business owners obtain the expertise of a board of directors?

answer

seek advisors who will hold the owners accountable for their goals and performance.

question

the degree to which differentiated work units work together and coordinate their efforts is called:

answer

integration

question

the challenge of_____ authority for managers is that it can help or hinder their achievement of the organization's goals

answer

informal

question

traditionally, authority resides in _____ not____

answer

positions, people

question

a very flexible version of the network organization is the ____ _____ organization, composed of temp arrangements among members that can be assembled to meet a changing competitive environment

answer

dynamic network

question

the key to managing a _____ structure is the realization that is a process that requires managers to attend the norms, values, attitudes that shape how employees behave

answer

matrix

question

all of the following are potential benefits of network organization EXCEPT

answer

-simplicity x-reduced costs x-flexibility x-innovation x-reduced risk

question

antonina believes that there is too much specialization in the company. therefore she appears to favor:

answer

low differentiation

question

The role of a corporation's executive staff and board of directors in ensuring that the firm's activities meet the goals of the firm's stakeholders is known as corporate

answer

governance

question

A collection of independent, mostly single-function firms that collaborate to produce a good or service is called a _____ organization.

answer

network The network organization is a collection of independent, mostly single-function firms that collaborate to produce a good or service. As depicted in Figure 8.7, the network organization describes not one organization but the web of relationships among many firms.

question

As organizations grow and become increasingly diversified, functional departments may become difficult to manage, which may result in a restructuring to

answer

divisional departments. As organizations grow and become increasingly diversified, they find that functional departments have difficulty managing a wide variety of products, customers, and geographic regions. In this case, organizations may restructure to group all functions into a single division and duplicate each of the functions across all the divisions, resulting in divisional departmentalization

question

Who among the following occupies the top of the organizational pyramid and is personally accountable to the board and to the owners for the organization's performance?

answer

The CEO The authority officially vested in the board of directors is assigned to a chief executive officer (CEO), who occupies the top of the organizational pyramid. The CEO is personally accountable to the board and to the owners for the organization's performance.

question

Delegation occurs:

answer

in any kind of organizational structure. Delegation is perhaps the most fundamental feature of management because it entails getting work done through others. Thus, delegation is important at all hierarchical levels. The process can occur between any two individuals in any type of structure with regard to any task.

question

Which of the following is a coordination method?

answer

Standardization As organizations differentiate their structures, they also need to be concerned about integration and coordination, the way all parts of the organization will work together. In general, coordination methods include standardization (complemented by formalization), plans, and mutual adjustment.

question

A matrix organization is an overlap of:

answer

functional and divisional organizational forms. A matrix organization is a hybrid form of organization in which functional and divisional forms overlap. Managers and staff personnel report to two bosses—a functional manager and a divisional manager.

question

To cope with high uncertainty and heavy information demands in today's environments, managers can increase the capacity to handle more information or:

answer

reduce the need for information. To cope with high uncertainty and heavy information demands, managers can use the two general strategies shown in Figure 8.8. First, management can act to reduce the need for information. Second, it can increase its capacity to handle more information.

question

Research, legal, accounting, and human resources departments are examples of:

answer

Staff departments are those that provide specialized or professional skills that support line departments. They include research, legal, accounting, public relations, and human resources departments.

question

An organization chart:

answer

depicts the positions in a firm. The organization chart depicts the positions in the firm and the way they are arranged. The chart provides a picture of the reporting structure (who reports to whom) and the various activities that are carried out by different individuals. Levels of management are indicated by the number of horizontal layers in the chart.

question

Which of the following best describes integration?

answer

It is the degree to which differentiated work units work together and coordinate their efforts. As organizations differentiate their structures, managers must simultaneously consider issues of integration. Integration is the degree to which differentiated work units work together and coordinate their efforts.

question

Authority is defined as the:

answer

legitimate right to make decisions and to tell people what to do. At the most fundamental level, the functioning of every organization depends on the use of authority, the legitimate right to make decisions and to tell other people what to do. Traditionally, authority resides in positions rather than in people.

question

The optimal span of control should be narrow when:

answer

subordinates are inadequately trained. The optimal span of control depends on a number of factors. The span should be wider when (1) the work is clearly defined and unambiguous, (2) subordinates are highly trained and have access to information, (3) the manager is highly capable and supportive, (4) jobs are similar and performance measures are comparable, and (5) subordinates prefer autonomy to close supervisory control. If the opposite conditions exist, a narrow span of control may be more appropriate.

question

Organizations have several ways to subdivide their structures. The three basic approaches to departmentalization are functional, divisional, and _____.

answer

matrix. As organizations divide work into different units, one can detect patterns in the way departments are clustered and arranged. The three basic approaches to departmentalization are functional, divisional, and matrix.

question

Which of the following is the first step in a delegation process?

answer

Defining the goal According to Figure 8.2, the first step in the delegation process—defining the goal—requires the manager to have a clear understanding of the outcome he or she wants.

question

Which of the following is an advantage of delegating?

answer

It allows managers to accomplish more than they could alone. Delegating allows managers to accomplish much more than they would be able to do on their own. Delegation frees up the manager to devote energy to important, higher-level activities. Delegation essentially gives the subordinate a more important job, an opportunity to develop new skills and to demonstrate potential for promotion. At least some employees tend to feel a stronger commitment, perform their tasks better, and engage in more innovation.

question

Karla recently accepted a job with a software developer. She is surprised that her boss frequently refers to her judgment to resolve problems, despite the fact that she has not worked there long. Based on Karla's experience, it can be concluded that the firm has:

answer

decentralized authority. In decentralized organizations, more decisions are made at lower levels. Ideally, decision making occurs at the level of the people who are most directly affected and have the most intimate knowledge about the problem. Karla's boss decentralizes decision making by getting Karla's opinion to resolve problems

question

Jerry has a written policy forbidding office romances. This is an example of:

answer

formalization. To improve coordination, organizations may also rely on formalization, the presence of rules and regulations governing how people in the organization interact. Simple, often written, policies regarding attendance, dress, and decorum, for example, may help eliminate a good deal of uncertainty at work. Jerry's written policy is a kind of formalization.

question

Which of the following is created through division of labor and job specialization?

answer

Differentiation Several related concepts underlie the idea of structural differentiation. Differentiation is created through division of labor and job specialization.

question

One of the major tasks performed by the board of directors in a corporation is:

answer

selecting and recruiting the CEO. Boards perform at least three major sets of duties: (1) selecting, assessing, rewarding, and perhaps replacing the CEO; (2) determining the firm's strategic direction and reviewing financial performance; and (3) ensuring ethical, socially responsible, and legal conduct.

question

a fast changing environment requires an organization to respond_____

answer

quickly

question

which of the following describe organic structure?

answer

-communication occurs through advice/info -decision making and influence are decentralizes -expertise is highly valued

question

huge, complex organizations face such problem as bureaucracy and __________

answer

complacency

question

a design approach in which all relevant functions cooperate jointly and continually in a maximum effort aimed at producing high-quality products that meet customers needs is:

answer

-concurrent engineering

question

_______ is a planned elimination of positions or jobs

answer

downsizing

question

types of products that are produced through mass customization include:

answer

-textbooks -computers -automobiles -clothes

question

movement of resources/products into org to its customers is called______

answer

logistics

question

the particular form/degree of organic structure depends on the company's ______

answer

-size -technology -customers -strategy

question

an org skilled at creating, acquiring, and transferring knowledge, and at modifying behavior to reflect new knowledge is a __________ organization

answer

learning

question

an org where jobholder's responsibilities increase as need arises and communication occurs through advice and information has_____ structure

answer

an organic

question

firm wishing to be a true learning org should______

answer

-review successes/failures for deeper understanding -search constantly for new knowledge/ways to apply it -have people who engage in disciplined thinking share ideas throughout the organization through multiple venues

question

T/F CRM focuses on creating two way exchanges with customers so that the firm can have an intimate knowledge of the customer needs, wants and buying patterns

answer

true

question

primary activities in generic value chain

answer

-marketing -outbound logistics -inbound logistics

question

an organizational characteristic that is an important factor in how an organization responds to changes in its environment is______

answer

agility

question

strategy aimed at reducing the total time it takes to deliver a product or service is:

answer

time-based competition

question

when those who have not been laid off during downsizing, but struggle with heavier workloads, lose commitment to the company and become risk adverse often exhibit what is known as ______ _____

answer

survivor's syndrome

question

managers who wish to strengthen their firms core competencies should focus on:

answer

-investing in core competencies to remain better than competitors -ID'ing existing core competencies -extending competencies for future applications -acquiring or building competencies for the future

question

a firm must respond to a fast-changing environment by being quick and _____

answer

agile

question

successfully developing leadership in core competencies can increase a company's_______

answer

-competitiveness -responsiveness

question

in recent times, downsizing has been used as a way to become more_____

answer

efficient

question

T/F diseconomies of scale lead to new organizational problems such as administrative difficulties that inhibit efficiency

answer

true

question

Strategic alliances are sometimes formed between:

answer

-universities -firms/competitors -governments

question

to capitalize on the advantages of size, companies should strive to be both_____ and _____

answer

big and small

question

large organizations are harder to control because__

answer

jobs become more specialized and complex

question

adapting to the changes in environment include being sensitive to all of the following except:

answer

managerial cognition

question

in a high involvement organization, top management ensures that_____

answer

there is consensus about where the business is heading

question

being both a big and small organization can be achieved by:_____

answer

-decentralizing decision making -avoiding problems of growth/size -organizing around small, adaptive team-based work units

question

t/f in a high involvement org, top management makes all the company decisions

answer

false

question

____ is a way of managing in which the org is committed to continuous improvement of the product/service

answer

total quality management

question

when all functional groups in an organization are involved with the efforts to design and produce a product that will satisfy customer needs, the org is using

answer

concurrent engineering

question

which of the following are advantages of large size organizations?

answer

-Easier access to capital -lower operating costs -greater purchasing power

question

the coordinated series or sequence of functional activities necessary to transform inputs such as raw materials or professional skills into the finished goods/services customers value and want to buy is called the____

answer

value chain

question

JIT concentrates on reducing time in manufacturing, whereas TBC attempts to deliver speed in

answer

-product development -manufacturing -logistics -customer service

question

a multifaceted process focusing on creating two way exchanges with customers to foster intimate knowledge of their needs, wants and buying patterns is:

answer

Customer relationship management

question

which of the following represents an example of a lean manufacturing tactic that has resulted in chaos, overworked people, and low morale?

answer

-laying off operational workers -eliminating layers of management

question

continuous processes are characterized by which of the following?

answer

-structure can be more organic -machines and/or computers do all the work

question

which of the following is NOT a benefit of concurrent engineering?

answer

-product design can be easily changed X-functional departments are more committed to decisions X-Management experience about product is enhanced X-cost/quality can be determined early in the process

question

the benefits of CIM include which of the following?

answer

-greater control and predictability of production process -high-volume and high-variety products can be produced simultaneously -reduced waste -faster throughput times

question

this type of organization seeks to maximize efficiency

answer

mechanistic org

question

JIT rep's a # of key production and organizational concepts including:

answer

-elimination of waster -perfect quality reduced cycle items -elimination of delays -reduced setup times

question

Toilet paper

answer

economy of scope

question

Time-based competition (TBC) has several key org elements including:

answer

-concurrent engineering -logistics -JIT production

question

avoid making the following downsizing mistakes

answer

-laying off too many people -implementing early retirement programs -making slow, small and frequent layoffs

question

_____ is a way of managing in which the org is committed to continuous improvement of the product/service

answer

total quality management

question

when all functional groups in an organization are involved with the efforts to design and produce a product that will satisfy customer needs, the organization is using:

answer

concurrent engineering

question

which of the following are advantages of large-size organizations?

answer

-lower operating costs -greater purchasing power -easier access to capital

question

Does NOT support Total Quality Management?

answer

-use numerical quotas x-break down barriers among departments x-strive for long-term improvement rather than short-term profit x-build long-term relationships instead of awarding business on price tag alone

question

A company where structure is more mechanistic, there are more rules and formal procedures, and decision making is centralized would most likely be using_____ technology

answer

large-batch

question

The principal idea of _______ is to revolutionize key organizational systems and processes to become more customer focus

answer

reengineering

question

Organizations that are typically less organic and more bureaucratic are_______

answer

large organizations

question

T/F customer relationship management (CRM) focuses on creating two-way exchanges with customers so that the first can have an intimate knowledge of the customer's wants, needs, and buying patterns.

answer

true

question

when materials and processes employed in one product can be used to make other related products, you have_____

answer

economies of scope

question

An organizing approach based on a commitment to making an operation both efficient and effective, and that continually strives for improvement is called____

answer

lean manufacturing

question

____offers efficiency only when the costs of storing items are greater than the costs of frequent delivery?

answer

JIT

question

an organization's environment is composed of many different parts. The environmental aspect that has had the most profound impact on organizing in recent years is_____

answer

a customer focus

question

For the ____ approach to be effective, people must be broadly trained, communication is informal and horizontal among line workers, equipment is general purpose, and supplier relationships are long-term and cooperative

answer

lean

question

Managers must usually restructure their internal processes and their relationships wwith customers in fundamental ways to achieve ____quality

answer

six sigma

question

The task of organizing a business includes designing the____, information flows, and technology that make the organization effective

answer

processes

question

The use of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing to sequence and make mass customization possible is called:

answer

computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM)

question

the research and development alliance that resulted in the most innovation occurred when the partners were_____

answer

experts in moderately different types of research

question

an organization that is prepared to meet the complex and ever-changing challenges that it constantly confronts is

answer

adaptable

question

One of the most important contributors to total quality management has been the intro of statistical tools to analyze causes of product defects. the approach that assesses whether the product or process is less than 3.4 defects per million is called

answer

Six Sigma quality

question

when downsizing is used to lead a more agile, flexible and responsive firm it is often called____

answer

righsizing

question

in JIT operations, a customer order triggers a factory order and the _____

answer

production program

question

For reengineering to be effective and successful, a ____ change must take place in the way the parts of the organization work together

answer

fundamental

question

organizationally, companies should be viewed as a portfolio of____, not just a portfolio of specific businesses

answer

capabilities

question

In lean manufacturing, ______ are considered wasteful

answer

overhead and inventory

question

companies that provide goods/services in very low volume, such as restaurants or doctors' offices are called_____

answer

job shops

question

The focus of reengineering is to:

answer

revolutionize key operational processes

question

_____tags help boost logistics efficiency and speed

answer

RFID

question

companies are able to mass customize products by organizing around interdependent operating units, called_____, that perform specific processes or tasks

answer

modules

question

economies of _________ allow firms to compete with large foreign rivals, by using materials and processes from one product to make others

answer

scope

question

Six sigma defects include all of the following EXCEPT

answer

-deficient corporate culture x-product problems x-wrong shipment x-poor customer service x-late delivery

question

in organic organizations, people work more as ______, rather than as subordinates who take orders from the boss

answer

teammates

question

Japanese business philosophy centers on the belief that a company retains competitive advantage by continuing to improve. this is known as______

answer

kaizen

question

an organic structure is much less____ than a mechanistic structure

answer

rigid

question

before a company commits to winning market share, it should commit to excellence and leadership in its_______

answer

core competencies

question

burns and stalker a _________ organization as being similar to a bureaucracy

answer

mechanistic

question

an org is a_______ system

answer

complex

question

the best type of set-up when are very different is:

answer

equity ownership

question

deming's 14 points of quality emphasized a ______ approach to management

answer

holistic

question

the Malcolm baldric quality award recognizes companies that meet certain criteria in all of the following areas except:

answer

reputation DOES: -market focus -strat planning -leadership -business results

question

_____ is a team-based approach that incorporates perspectives of all functions, resulting in a higher quality product

answer

concurrent engineering

question

manufacturing plants that have short production runs, are organized around products, and use decentralized scheduling are called_____ factories

answer

flexible

question

in a flexible factory, scheduling is:

answer

decentralized

question

this term refers to wherever the work goes next, and highlights the interdependence among functions in the organization

answer

internal customer

question

once the company answers the question "how would our customers want us to operate?" a ______is formed and decisions and actions are directed toward achieving it.

answer

vision

question

managers must usually restructure their internal processes and relationships with customers in fundamental ways to achieve_____quality

answer

six sigma

question

six sigma defects:

answer

-wrong shipment -poor customer service -product problems -late deliver (XXXX--deficient corp. culture)

question

an organization can achieve competitive advantage if it's resources are valuable, _____, imitatable, and organized

answer

-rare

question

reasons structured interviews are superior to unstructured interviews

answer

-less subjective -more likely to yield valuable information -less influenced by interviewer bias

question

T/F employers today are attempting to increase benefit costs, even as their value to their employees are rising?

answer

F

question

two critical issues related to the testing methods used in the selection of employees are:

answer

-reliability -validity

question

a performance appraisal focuses on three basic categories

answer

-traits -behaviors -results

question

adequate background checks include which of the following?

answer

criminal records check employment verficiation Social security

question

three basic employee benefits offered to every employee, regardless of employment status, as req' by law

answer

Social security unemployment insurance workers comp

question

how many and what types of employees the org will actually have is known as

answer

supply of labor

question

responses that managers have made to deal with the skills shortage have included

answer

-increasing training budgets -retraining downsized workers -recruiting qualified workers from other countries

question

legally, job applications and resumes would contain basic information on the candidate including

answer

-certifications -education -work experiences -citizenship

question

an org can check a variety of references for a job candidate. which of the following would be considered useful in supplementing candidate-provided info?

answer

-former employers -educational institutions

question

workers typically vote for unions b/c

answer

-job dissatisfaction -desire for better benefits -desire to raise average wage

question

human resource management

answer

-1st interaction with an org you wish to join involves it's HR -historically known as personnel management -deals with managing people at work

question

companies can create a strategic competitive advantage by creating value through their human resources. Whats NOT a program?

answer

X-customer roundtables YES: -continuous improvement programs -total quality initiatives -empowerment programs

question

1964 civil rights act prohibits discriminate against

answer

-sex -national origin -color -religion -race

question

job analysis

answer

-describing tasks, duties, and responsibilities -describing the skills and knowledge needed

question

360 degree performance appraisal has the advantage of giving a fuller picture of an employee's ___-

answer

strengths/weaknesses

question

guidelines for choosing performance eval method

answer

-comm performance standards to employees -use more than one rater -develop former appeal process -take legal considerations into account -document the performance appraisal carefully -eval employees on specific performance-related behaviors -base performance standards on job analysis

question

commonly used paper and pencil inventories measure such personality traits as

answer

-energy -adjustment -sociability

question

collective bargaining agreement might include

answer

-union security clause -rate of pay -determination of pay increases

question

training and development helps to ensure that employees

answer

-take on new responsibilities -have the knowledge and skills needed to perform jobs effectively -adapt to changing conditions

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_____ are used when objective performance measures are not available

answer

-merit pay systems

question

pay ____ refers to the choice of whether to be a high, average or low paying company

answer

level

question

areas of human resources management

answer

-labor relations -performance appraisal -training -staffing -rewards

question

verbal comprehension tests measure which of the following?

answer

-vocab -reading

question

national labor relations act has resulted in:

answer

-establishing five unfair employer practices -creating the national labor relations board -declaring labor unions legal

question

guidelines for giving feedback

answer

-why employees work is important -express confidence in future performance -raise relevant issues -summarize performance -thank employee

question

equal pay act of 1963

answer

law prohibits unequal pay for men and women who preform the same work

question

emphasis on different human resources activities depends on whether the org is

answer

-declining -standing still -growing

question

performance appraisals serve basic purposes

answer

-documentation to ID/plan training -documentation to justify decisions in court -info for salary, promotion, dismissal

question

staffing function

answer

-selection -outplacement -recruitment

question

disadvantages of trait appraisals

answer

-don't enable managers to provide feedback to improve performance -traits do not show a direct relation to performance which can result in workers and courts viewing them as unfair and discriminatory

question

3 human resource functions that contribute to org's strategy are:

answer

-HR specialists -HR managers -line managers

question

4 criteria highlight the importance of people and show human resources as similar strategic management

answer

-creates value -is organized -rare -difficult to imitate

question

HR deals with the following daily

answer

-managing diversity -motivating employees -managing layoffs

question

three stages in HR planning process

answer

-evaluating -planning -programming

question

___- is the use of a third party to resolve a labor dispute

answer

arbitration

question

A BARS os used for a _____ appraisal

answer

behavioral

question

assessment center exercises tap a number of critical managerial dimensions such as

answer

-leadership -communication ability -decision-making skills

question

orbs can achieve competitive advantage when they posses or develop resources that are

answer

-valuable -imitatable -organized -rare

question

how many and what types of employees the org will actually have is known as its:

answer

supply of labor

question

which of the following are crucial decisions for designing an effective pay plan?

answer

-pay level -ind. pay -pay structure

question

The WARN Act req' employers to give affected employees ____ day's written notice of plant closings or mass lay offs

answer

60

question

MOB is an acronym for

answer

management by objectives

question

a 360 degree performance appraisal is most effective in a culture that is

answer

individualistic

question

The four sets of values that human resources should advocate for the organization are:

answer

-ethical -legal -financial -strategic

question

The labor-Management relations act accomplished several things, including:

answer

-protecting employers' free speech rights -defining unfair labor practices by unions -permitting workers to reject a union as their representative

question

a ____ center is a managerial performance test in which candidates participate in a variety of exercises and situations

answer

assessment

question

the______ created two employee categories: exempt and non-expempt

answer

fair labor standards act

question

union members are given a voice during contract negotiations and admin through which procedure

answer

grievances

question

needs assessment is used to ID training needs for?

answer

-jobs -departments -people

question

phase 1 of training starts with an ____, in which managers conduct an analysis to ID the jobs, people, and departments for which training is necessary

answer

needs assessment

question

managers can help employees who feel a traditional benefits package does not meet their needs by offering a _____ benefit plan

answer

cafeteria-style

question

the description of skills, knowledge, abilities, and other characteristics needed to perform a job is called_____

answer

job specification

question

job analysis provides the info req' by virtually every human resources activity, in which way would it add value to an org?

answer

-assist with training -assist with recruitment -assist with appraisal -help defend against unfair dismissal claims

question

periodic ritual, which typically takes place every three years, of negotiating an agreement over wages, benefits, hours, and working conditions is called____

answer

collective bargaining

question

ADA prohibits employment discrimination against people:

answer

-recovering from alcoholism -with AIDS -remission from cancer -recovering from drug abuse

question

protects private pension plans from mismanagement

answer

-employment retirement income security act of 1974

question

______ is the strategic value of the knowledge of employees and abilities

answer

human capital

question

the type of validity that refers to the degree to which a test actually predicts job performance is called______.

answer

-criterion-related validity

question

phase two of training involves the design of______

answer

training programs

question

job analysis provides the information required by virtually every human resources activity. In which of the following ways would job analysis add value to an org?

answer

-help defend against unfair dismissal claims -assist with recruitment -assist with training -assist with appraisal

question

content validity is more____ than evals of criterion related validity

answer

subjective

question

Social Security verification, a criminal records review, and verifications of past employment and education are all a part of a(n):

answer

background check. For a higher level of scrutiny, background investigations also have become standard procedure for many companies. The different types of checks include Social Security verification, past employment and education verification, and a criminal records check.

question

When a company prefers to base salary on performance, in the absence of objective performance measures, it uses a(n) _____ which is based on ratings given by managers.

answer

merit pay system

question

The three stages in the HR planning process are planning, programming, and _____.

answer

evaluating

question

The process of using multiple sources of appraisal to gain a comprehensive perspective on one's performance is known as a _____appraisal.

answer

360-degree In a process known as 360-degree appraisal, feedback is obtained from every level involved with the employee: subordinates, peers, and superiors.

question

Employees are a source of competitive advantage when they are:

answer

organized. Firms can create a competitive advantage when they possess or develop resources that are valuable, rare, inimitable, and organized. People are a source of competitive advantage when organizations know how to deploy them as needed based on their experience, skills, and potential.

question

Which of the following is NOT a reason why workers typically vote for unionization?

answer

An attempt to influence the stock price The four factors that play a significant role in a workers' vote for a union are presented in Figure 10.8. First, economic factors are important, especially for workers in low-paying jobs; unions attempt to raise the average wage rate for their members. Second, job dissatisfaction encourages workers to seek out a union. Poor supervisory practices, favoritism, lack of communication, and perceived unfair or arbitrary discipline and discharge are specific triggers of job dissatisfaction. Third, the belief that the union can obtain desired benefits can generate a pro-union vote. Finally, the image of the union can determine whether dissatisfied workers will seek out a union.

question

A seemingly neutral employment practice that has a disproportionately negative effect on a group protected by the Civil Rights Act is said to have a(n):

answer

adverse impact. One common reason employers are sued is adverse impact, when a seemingly neutral employment practice has a disproportionately negative effect on a group protected by the Civil Rights Act.

question

An internal recruitment tool used by organizations is the:

answer

job-posting system.

question

_____ has been criticized for resulting in unrealistic expectations, too much rigidity, and too much focus on short-term achievement at the expense of long-term goals.

answer

Management by objectives Management by objectives (MBO) involves a subordinate and a supervisor agreeing in advance on specific performance goals (objectives). But the approach has disadvantages. It can result in unrealistic objectives being set, frustrating the employee and the manager. The objectives can also be too rigid, leaving the employee with insufficient flexibility should circumstances change. Finally, MBO often focuses too much on short-term achievement at the expense of long-term goals.

question

An internal factor that influences the wage mix is:

answer

worth of job. The wage mix is influenced by a variety of factors including internal factors (the organization's compensation policy, the worth of each job, the employee's relative worth, and the employer's ability to pay) and external factors (conditions of the labor market, area wage rates, the cost of living, the use of collective bargaining, and legal requirements).

question

A job analysis determines:

answer

the skills and knowledge needed for a position. Job analysis does two things. First, it tells the HR manager about the job itself: the essential tasks, duties, and responsibilities involved in performing the job. This information is called a job description. Second, job analysis describes the skills, knowledge, abilities, and other characteristics needed to perform the job. This is called the job specification.

question

Considering current understanding of employment at will, under which of the following conditions is it legal to terminate someone?

answer

If an employee performs adequately at work

question

One difficult part of human resources planning is trying to determine how many and what type of people are needed in an organization, which is known as a(n):

answer

demand forecast.

question

_____ refers to the degree to which a selection test predicts or correlates with job performance.

answer

Validity

question

Right-to-work legislation allows employees to work without having to join a:

answer

union.

question

_____ involves teaching managers and professional employees broader skills needed for their present and future jobs.

answer

Development

question

_____ is a design approach in which all relevant functions cooperate jointly and continually in a maximum effort aimed at producing high-quality products that meet customers' needs.

answer

Concurrent engineering Many companies are turning to concurrent (sometimes called simultaneous) engineering as the cornerstone of their TBC strategy. Concurrent engineering is a design approach in which all relevant functions cooperate jointly and continually in a maximum effort aimed at producing high-quality products that meet customers' needs.

question

Rightsizing refers to:

answer

arriving at the size at which a company performs most effectively.

question

A high-involvement organization:

answer

In a high-involvement organization, top management ensures that there is a consensus about the direction in which the business is heading. The leader seeks input from the top management team and from lower levels of the company.

question

Which of the following steps in the value chain involves focusing on innovation and new products?

answer

Research and development

question

Marques Tech is a leading mobile phone manufacturer. The company has a deal with FoodZone, a leading fast-food chain. Anyone with the latest Marques cell phone will get 20% off on their bill at FoodZone, with the offer being valid for six months. Which of the following best describes this scenario?

answer

Strategic alliance A strategic alliance is a formal relationship created with the purpose of joint pursuit of mutual goals. In a strategic alliance, individual organizations share administrative authority, form social links, and accept joint ownership.

question

An effective strategy for enabling a firm to be responsive and competitive is to focus on fundamental strengths and expertise, and developing leadership in and organizing around its _____.

answer

core capabilities

question

Almost any competitive advantage is temporary, so companies should strive for continuous improvement, which is also known as _____.

answer

kaizen

question

At _____, a product or process is defect-free 99.99966 percent of the time.

answer

six sigma

question

In an organic structure, _____.

answer

employees depend more on one another and relate more informally

question

The support activities in the generic value chain include:

answer

firm infrastructure.

question

Which of the following is a characteristic of a large batch organization?

answer

More rules and formal procedures

question

In _____, materials and processes employed in one product can be used to make other, related products.

answer

economies of scope

question

In _____, the emphasis is on quality, speed, and flexibility more than on cost, efficiency, and hierarchy, which is exemplified by employees' authority to halt operations to correct problems.

answer

lean manufacturing In a lean operation, the emphasis is on quality, speed, and flexibility more than on cost, efficiency, and hierarchy. If an employee spots a problem, the employee is authorized to halt the operation and signal for help to correct the problem at its source so that processes can be improved and future problems avoided.

question

Diseconomies of scale refers to the:

answer

varied costs associated with an organization being too big.

question

Which of the following types of organization is similar to a bureaucratic structure?

answer

A mechanistic organization

question

Which of the following is one of the two areas of focus of learning organizations?

answer

Exploitation

question

Which of the following is a practice that is recommended for firms to ease the pain of downsizing?

answer

Train people to cope with the new situation

question

Order the stages of decision making

answer

1.ID and diagnose proble, 2.generate alternative solutions, 3.Eval alternatives, 4. make the choice, 5. Implement the decision, 6. Evaluate the decisions

question

Bias that interfere with objective rationality are called____biases

answer

psychological

question

determining the value or adequacy of the alternatives that were generated, or, deciding which solution is best, is the primary task in the ______ _______ stage of decision making.

answer

evaluating alternatives

question

How do social realities affect decision making?

answer

Important managerial decisions are marked by conflict among interested parties, interpersonal factors decrease decision-making effectiveness, a manager must consider the preferences/reactions of many people, many decisions are the result of intensive social interactions, bargaining, and politicking

question

In a situation where winning the argument becomes more important than solving the problem, goal_____has occurred.

answer

displacement

question

Managers are faced with tough decisions daily that lack structure and lead them to avoid making decisions or taking action. Which characteristics add to the difficulty managers experience when making tough decisions?

answer

-level of uncertainty -complexity of the problem -degree of risk

question

the condition of certainty exists when managers have____of the necessary information and can precisely predict the consequences of actions

answer

all

question

Which model of organizational decision making occurs when groups with differing preferences use power and negotiation to influence decisions?

answer

Coalition model

question

An alternative to an individual making a decision would be a manager convening several people together to make a _____ decision

answer

group

question

What are characteristics consistent with a non programmed decision?

answer

-new and complex -no certain outcomes -no proven answers

question

The fourth step in decision banking, after all the possible consequences of the options ave been evaluated, is called_____

answer

making the choice

question

What are the potential advantages of using a group to make a decision?

answer

-provides intellectual stimulation -leads to higher level of commitment -more info is available -more perspectives on different issues or different approaches to solving the problem are available -participants in the group discussions are more likely to understand why the decision was made

question

Managerial decisions usually lack____

answer

structure

question

Barriers to effective decision making

answer

-psychological biases -social realities -time pressures

question

______ conflict can improve group decision making by encouraging diverse viewpoints and creative solutions as well as discouraging group think

answer

constructive

question

when decision makers weigh short term costs and benefits more heavily than long term, they are guilty of what psychological bias in their decision making process

answer

-discounting the future

question

In order to make timely and high-quality decisions under time pressure, which would managers rely?

answer

-real time info -daily operating measures

question

alternative courses of action that can be implemented based on how the future unfolds are called______ plans

answer

contingency

question

Periodic reorders of inventory in business Program v. non

answer

programmed

question

procedure for admitting patients in a hospital Program v. non

answer

programmed

question

amount calculated when COL adjustment is given to all employees in a certain job category program v. non

answer

programmed

question

ideas that have been seen or tried before are called_____ made solution

answer

ready

question

which of the following describes the condition of risk?

answer

-losses may occur -outcome is uncertain even though you can estimate the likelihood of various consequences -the probability of an action being successful is less than 100 percent

question

In terms of managerial decision making, _____ occurs when the decision makers carefully and conscientiously execute all 6 stages of decision making, including making provisions for implementation and eval

answer

vigilance

question

best stragey for managers to apply to avoid mistakes when making decisions under time pressure

answer

rely on real-time info

question

programmed decisions are ones that:

answer

-have objective, correct answers -solvable by using simple rules -have been encountered before

question

steps manager should take when planning an implementation

answer

-assign responsibility for each step -determine how things will look when the decision is fully operational -chronologically order the steps necessary to achieve a fully operational decision -list resources and activities required to implement each step

question

opposing pressures from different sources, occurring on the psychological level, or of disagreement between individuals or groups is called

answer

conflict

question

a decision bias influenced by the way in which a problem or decision alternative is phrased or presented is known as a _____ effect in decision-making terminology

answer

framing

question

which of the following are ways that time pressures influences effective decision making?

answer

-meeting the deadline becomes more important than content -decision quality may be reduced when the decision is made to quickly -business decisions made too slowly become irrelevant

question

determining the value or adequacy of the alternatives that were generated, or, deciding which solution is the best, is the primary task in the _____ ______ stage of decision making

answer

evaluating alternatives

question

when searching for solutions, there are times when what has been done before is not applicable. In these situations, managers search for____solutions, or those that must be designed for specific problems

answer

custom-made

question

disadvantages of using groups to make decisions

answer

goal displacement

question

2nd stage of decision making, generating alt. solutions, which of the following are used by managers to develop alternative courses of action

answer

-search ready made solutions to use ideas that have already been tried before -follow the advice of others who have faces similar problems -generate custom-made solutions designed for a specific purpose

question

in decision-making terminology, ___ exists when the probability of a successful action is less than 100 percent and losses are possible

answer

risk

question

the organizational decisions that are not routine, but instead are novel and _____ are more typical for managers

answer

nonprogrammed

question

4th step in decision making, making the choice, the decision will differ according to the criteria and method used. What are the important methods managers should recognize when choosing from among the alternatives evacuated?

answer

-optimizing -maximizing -satisicing

question

Characteristics are consistent with a non programmed decision

answer

-new and complex -no certain outcomes -no proven answers

question

a phenomenon that occurs in decision making when group members avoid disagreement as they strive for consensus is known as

answer

group think

question

5th step in decision making, implementing the decision, which of the following are actions taken when planning the implementation

answer

-determine how things will look when the decision is fully operational -ID potential problems/opportunities with implementation -diagram the steps necessary to achieve a fully operational decision

question

NOT a potential advantage of using a group

answer

satisficing

question

Sixth and final stage of decision making process

answer

-compare collected info with specified goals -use feedback to either continue the decision or go back to the first stage -collect info on how well the decisions is working

question

procedures to manage decision making in groups?

answer

-encourage creativity 0encourage constructive conflict -stay focused on groups goals -avoid group think and satisficing -encourage people's input

question

gambling is an example of the ____ in that some people believe they have the skill to beat the odds, even though most of the time they cannot

answer

illusion of control

question

traditional budget process which begins with the budget from the previous period and makes small adjustments from that starting point is an example of which type of decision making model?

answer

incremental model

question

_____ occurs when you achieve the best possible balance among several goals

answer

optimizing

question

how a problem or decision alternative is_____can subjectively influence objective facts

answer

framed

question

Managers are being____ decision makers when they carefully execute all states of decision making

answer

vigiliant

question

T/F decision makers should assume that things will go smoothly during implementation

answer

false

question

Often, managers do not expend their time/energy to gather more information when needing to make a decision. Rather, in decision making terminology, they opt for_____ , that is, making an expedient decision based on readily available information

answer

satisficing

question

In decision making, which is NOT a potential advantage of using a group?

answer

satisficing

question

T/F the incremental model of organizational decision making depicts a chaotic process and seemingly random decision

answer

false

question

When evaluating alternatives to decision making, what goal-related questions should managers consider in deciding among other alternatives?

answer

-Which alternatives are most acceptable -how solution relates to the goal, defined earlier -which goals does alternative address -which alternatives can be implemented at lowest risk

question

Ways to be creative?

answer

-bringing something into creation -joining two previously unrelated things -improving something or giving it a new application

question

When group members don't want to break up a positive team spirit and remain friendly_____ may occur

answer

groupthink

question

being vigilant in the decision making process occurs when decision makers______

answer

-make provisions for implementation and evaluation of decisions -improve their decision making processes by incorporating lessons learned in successive decisions -carefully and conscientiously execute all six stages of the process

question

when decision makers weigh short-term costs and benefits more heavily than longer-term ones, they are guilty of what psychological bias in their decision making?

answer

discounting the future

question

Total and consistent agreement among group members, called groupthink, can be destructive. however, some degree of conflict can be_____in managing groups

answer

-constructive -effective -helpful

question

Disadvantages of group decision making due to the phenomenon of groupthink?

answer

-pressure to conform -complacency -overconfidence

question

which of the following are consistent with the use of a devil's advocate to create constructive conflict?

answer

-make conflict less personal and emotional -criticize ideas and point out problems -lessen people's inhibitions about disagreeing with others

question

A manager deciding which employee to lay off when all team members are essentially performing at identical levels produces what type of conflict in the manager?

answer

psychological

question

According to bounded rationality, decision makers cannot be truly rational because:

answer

-they have imperfect incomplete information -people have conflicting goals -there is not enough time to process all the information -problems faced are complex

question

When assessing alternatives in decision making, which one of the following actions is fundamental to the process?

answer

predict the possible consequences that will occur if the various options are put into effect

question

_____ is acceptable when there is no other known option because time is short, info unavailable, or other constraints make maximizing impossible

answer

satisficing

question

The three requirements for effectively managing group decisions include:

answer

-enhancement of creativity -an appropriate leadership style -constructive use of disagreement and conflict

question

which of the following are ways in which managers have encourages creativity in their employees

answer

-give creative efforts the rewards they are due -listen to employee's ideas -stimulate and challenge people intellectually

question

Managers make many large and small scale organizational decisions on a daily basis. Therefore, _____ is a critical managerial skill; without this ability, managers will not be effective.

answer

decision making

question

many mangers are more comfortable in analyzing decisions v. making them. when having to choose from among alternatives, what is a common condition that may prevent managers from making a choice?

answer

analysis paralysis

question

Which of the following are constraints on decision making?

answer

-market -legal/ethical -human -organizational -financial

question

"Illusions of control" are pitfalls in decision making; these illusions may include:

answer

-general optimism -over confidence -previous successes

question

Which of the following questions should a manager ask to aid in decision making when evaluating alternatives?

answer

-does the alternative meet our primary objective? -is our info about alternatives complete and current -what problems could we have if we implement the alternative?

question

How can a problem be turned into an opportunity?

answer

by understanding what the organization is doing now and what it can do to create a more positive future.

question

A structured debate comparing two conflicting courses of action, ____ is a a form of constructive conflict.

answer

dialectic

question

Ways managers can encourage more creativity in their employees

answer

-recognize creativity -don't punish creative failures -strive to be creative yourself stimulate and challenge people intellectually

question

During brainstorming, when group members are non-engaged due to inhibition or anxiety, which of the following could help increase effectiveness?

answer

-utilize electronic communication (reduces face to face) -take time for members to silently write down ideas

question

choosing the first option that is minimally acceptable or adequate when making a decision is known as_______

answer

satisficing

question

______ conflict is defined as differences in perspectives / judgments about issues, or issues-based differences

answer

cognitive

question

Effective crisis management

answer

-communicate and reinforce the org's values -show emotion -be optimistic and honest

question

When managers are considering alternatives for future planning, what are the four alternative scenarios from which to consider outcomes or consequences?

answer

-pessimistic -worst-case -most-likely best-possible

question

When generating alternative solutions to problem solving, managers cannot help but to use______

answer

past experiences

question

which of the following conditions is helpful for managers to make better decisions?

answer

-getting enough rest -putting distractions aside -managing stress

question

A less-than-perfect form of rationality in which decision makers cannot be perfectly rational because decisions are complex and complete information is unavailable or can't be processed is referred to as:

answer

bounded rationality

question

When managers express that they are not satisfied, or comfortable with, the what ifs, or what may happen in a given set of circumstances, they are demonstrating their preference for______

answer

certainty

question

when brainstorming, groups should do which of the following to encourage ideas?

answer

-post ideas for everyone to read -encourage people to say anything that comes to mind -withhold criticism of people and ideas

question

risk is uncertain at best, good decision makers in an org prefer to__

answer

manage risk

question

ways to improve your own potential to "get creative" may include:

answer

take a "break" to read or try something new talk to other people about your own ideas and issues assume you can be creative

question

Elements of an effective crisis management plan

answer

-communication actions -strategic action -evaluation and diagnostic actions

question

when a competitor lowers prices, managers generally think they must do the same. Which of the following alternatives to consider if a competitor cuts prices?

answer

-emphasizing consumer risk to low-price products -building awareness of products/features and overall quality -communicating your cost advantage to your competitors so they realize they can't win a price war

question

its useful to take a little extra time to ID potential problems/opportunities associate with implementation. Which of the following questions could be useful for managers to ask when planning for potential outcomes.

answer

-what problems could this action cause? What can we do to prevent the problems? What unintended benefits or opportunities could arise?

question

Which of te following is a necessary and daily activity of all managers within organizations

answer

decision making

question

to be able to understand decision making within a particular organization, it is important for managers to understand three characteristics about the organization

answer

-org decision processes -decision making during a crisis the constraints decisions makers face

question

one of the potential problems when using a group for decision making is an_____member or leader

answer

dominating

question

playing devils advocate and the dialetic are both techniques of constructive conflict. the dialectic approach goes further by requiring a ___ debate between two conflicting courses of action.

answer

structured

question

the most constructive type of conflict is_____conflict, or difference is perspectives/judgements about issues; _____ conflict is emotional and directed at other people

answer

cognitive; affective

question

A decision bias influenced by a framing effect is more likely when which of the following occur?

answer

previous successes are referenced with a specific alternative

question

Today evaluation of alternatives relies more on data collected through______ than in the past

answer

computer technology

question

The framing effect can have a disastrous effect in decision making when:

answer

managers believe a current problem is similar to come they already experienced, so they don't look for alternatives

question

Which of the following statements is true of brainstorming?

answer

It creates an environment where there is no criticism. In a proper brainstorming environment, which is free of criticism, people are less inhibited and are more likely to voice their unusual, creative, or even wild ideas. By the time people have exhausted their ideas, a long list of alternatives has been generated. Only then does the group turn to the evaluation stage.

question

Which of the following terms refers to the condition that causes new goals to replace the original ones?

answer

Goal alignment The goal of group members should be to come up with the best possible solution to a problem. But when goal displacement occurs, new goals emerge to replace the original ones. Often winning the argument becomes the new goal. Saving face and defeating the other person's idea become more important than solving the problem.

question

The leader of a decision-making group must:

answer

engage in affective conflict. The leader should avoid dominating the discussion or allowing another individual to dominate.

question

_____ refers to a less-than-perfect form of rationality in which decision makers cannot be perfectly rational because decisions are complex and complete information is unavailable or cannot be fully processed.

answer

Bounded rationality Bounded rationality refers to a less-than-perfect form of rationality in which decision makers cannot be perfectly rational because decisions are complex and complete information is unavailable or cannot be fully processed.

question

_____ comes into play when a manager makes a decision with a bias weighing short-term costs and benefits more heavily than longer-term costs and benefits.

answer

Discounting the future

question

Which of the following is a potential disadvantage of group decision making?

answer

satisficing

question

n the decision-making process, _____ refers to choosing the first option that is minimally acceptable or adequate.

answer

satsficing

question

Which of the following is the organizational decision process model in which major solutions arise through a series of smaller decisions?

answer

incremental model

question

Hesitation to invest in promising research and development that will not pay off until far into the future is an example of _____.

answer

discounting the future.Decision makers often discount the future. That is, in their evaluation of alternatives, they weigh short-term costs and benefits more heavily than longer-term costs and benefits. The avoidance of short-term costs or the seeking of short-term rewards often results in negative long-term consequences.

question

_____ refers to people's belief that they can influence events even when they have no control over what will happen.

answer

Illusion of control

question

When a manager must decide between several attractive options, or when there are no attractive options, he or she experiences _____ conflict.

answer

psychological. Conflict exists when a manager must consider opposing pressures from different sources. Individual decision makers experience psychological conflict when several options are attractive, or when none of the options is attractive.

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_____ is referred to as emotional disagreement directed toward other people.

answer

Affective conflict

question

Which of the following should be the first phase in an ideal six-phase decision-making process?

answer

Identifying and diagnosing the problem

question

What is the role of a devil's advocate in constructive conflict?

answer

To criticize ideas and point out problems

question

Marcus Imports is a trading firm that has a stiff, bureaucratic structure. The company has a promotion scheme where people who have finished a certain number of years in service get a pay hike and a promotion. For the manager at Marcus, this decision highlights which of the following types of decisions?

answer

Programmed.Programmed decisions have been encountered and made before. They have objectively correct answers and can be solved by using simple rules, policies, or numerical computations.

question

Which of the following are characteristics of effective goals?

answer

-specific -attainable -measurable

question

Strategic Management process

answer

1-est. mission, values, goals 2-analysis of external opportunities/threats 3-analysis of internal strengths/weaknesses 4-SWOT analysis and strategy formulation 5-strategy implementation 6-strategic control

question

Which of the following are some components of a mission statement?

answer

-what the organization does -who it provides goods/services to -company's values

question

The process of assessing how well one company's basic functions and skills compare to those of another company or set of companies is known as

answer

benchmarking

question

A tacticle level plan requires a moderate amount of detail and involves the____level of management

answer

middle

question

Which of the following correctly describes a corporate strategy:

answer

-It ID's a set of businesses, markets, or industries the company competes in -it ID's the distribution of resources among a company's business.

question

T/F Two types of resources are tangible and quantifiable

answer

F/ the two types are tangible and intangible

question

There are several things at a minimum, a plan should include. Which of the following?

answer

-obstacles that may develop while attaining the goal -an outline of alternatives that may lead to goal attainment -resources required to reach the goal

question

In the planning process the targets or ends that managers want to pursue are:

answer

goals

question

A _____ strategy identifies a set of businesses, markets, or industries in which the organization competes and the distribution of resources among those businesses

answer

corporate

question

a _____ strategy involves expanding the domain of the org into supply channels or to distributors

answer

vertical integration

question

T/F A strategic vision helps a company understand its past so it can succeed in the present

answer

F---its solely focused on future

question

The mission and vision of the org drive the_____, the 2nd component of the strategic management process

answer

analysis of the external environment

question

Which of the following tasks are typically conducted by managers in the goal and plan evaluation step of the formal planning process?

answer

-prioritize and, if necessary, eliminate goals -estimate the costs of each plan -evaluate advantages of each goal and plan

question

Which of the following are necessary for successful implementation of a plan?

answer

-employees must understand the plan -managers and employees must have the resources to implement the plan

question

The actions or means the manager intends to use to achieve goals are known as:

answer

plans

question

A strategic ______ system evaluates whether or not organization outcomes are meeting expectations and taking corrective actions where necessary

answer

control

question

A company making use of a low-cost business strategy attempts to be_____ and offer a standard product

answer

efficient

question

4 conditions necessary for resources to be a source of competitive advantage

answer

-must create customer value -be well organized -difficult to imitate

question

A resource that is ____ and not equally available to all competitors gives the company that has access to that resource a competitive advantage

answer

rare

question

Key drivers of a strategy map

answer

-learning/growth goals -internal goals -customer goals -financial goals

question

How are planning and decision making similar

answer

-both processes lead to an implementation -both processes can be revised as needed -both processes involve evaluating alternatives

question

Stakeholders are groups and individuals who affect and are affected by:

answer

The organizations mission

question

The type of org plan that involves making decisions about the org's long term goal is a ____ plan

answer

strategic

question

Tangible assets

answer

-raw materials -real estate -manufacturing plant -machinery

question

A________ examines time and resource constrains by gathering, interpreting, and summarizing all information relevant to the planning issue

answer

Situation Analysis

question

The type of planning that identifies the procedures and processes, such as delivery schedules, required of the lower levels of the organization is known as ___planning

answer

operational

question

Just possessing a resource, even one that is rare and difficult to imitate, may not be sufficient to attain a competitive advantage. In order to create value for the customer, the resource must also be:

answer

organized

question

A strategic plan specifies organizational-level_____ for up to the next 5 years in the future.

answer

goals.

question

Companies concentrate on a single industry to_____

answer

strengthen their competitive position

question

The monitor and control step of the planning process is the______ step

answer

6th

question

Intangible assets

answer

-corporate culture -technological knowledge -corporate culture

question

When a company has a conglomerate diversification strategy, it expands into_______businesses

answer

unrelated

question

Which of the following are the characteristics of a cash cow, according to the BCG matrix?

answer

-operates in a low-growth market -has a strong competitive position

question

A strategy of____ involves moving into new businesses that are related to the company's original core business.

answer

concentric diversification

question

Which of the following are among the levels of organizational planning?

answer

-operational -strategic -tactical

question

Steps of strategy implementation

answer

-define strategic tasks -create an implementation plan -assess organizational capabilities -develop an implementation agenda

question

Which of the following problems can imede the successful implementation of a company strategy?

answer

-top down senior management style -unclear strategy and conflicting priorities -poor coordination across functions, businesses, or borders

question

Stakeholders are groups and individuals who affect and are affected by

answer

the organization's mission

question

A strategic plan differs from an operational plan in that a strategic plan requires a _____ level of detail while an operational plan requires a ______ level of detail

answer

low; high

question

A_____ business strategy is one where companies attempt to be efficient and offer a standard, no-frills product.

answer

low-cost.

question

A strategic control system has dual responsibilities that seem conflicting: setting goals to encourage _____operations while allowing flexibility to adapt to changing conditions.

answer

efficient

question

Ideally, a vision statement clarifies the long-term direction of the company and its strategic ______

answer

intent

question

A strategic plan involves management at the____ level creating a plan with a ___level of detail

answer

top; low

question

An example of a process that operational planning might be concerned with is:

answer

a production run

question

which of the following tasks are typically conducted by managers in the goal and plan evaluation step of the formal planning process

answer

-estimate the cost of each plan -evaluate advantages of each goal and plan prioritize and, if necessary, eliminate goals

question

A strategic____ system evaluates whether or not organization outcomes are meeting expectations and taking corrective actions where necessary.

answer

control

question

tactical planning occurs at the____level of the organization while operational planning occurs at the _____ level

answer

middle; front line

question

Planning is a decision-making processes so that like other decision making processes, the process can return back to the beginning as a circumstances change. this means the process is:

answer

cyclical

question

______strategic goals evolve from the mission and vision of the organization

answer

strategic goals

question

A _____ approach to planning occurs when top-level executives develop the plans and then communicate them to lower level employees for implementation

answer

top-down

question

in the selection step of the planning process, managers will select the plan they believe to be the:

answer

most feasible

question

Not all companies have core capabilities, but when they do it is because they have resources that are rare, ____, valuable, and organized

answer

not easily imitated

question

When a company is employing a conglomerate diversification strategy, the many businesses that make up the corporation ma be referred to as a business

answer

portfolio

question

A ____, according to the BCG matrix, is a company with a strong competitive position in a high growth market

answer

star

question

The primary difference between tactical and operational plans is that tactical plans have a time horizon of _____ while operational plans only over a few months

answer

1-2 years

question

______ is the planning step where the plan is executed by taking action

answer

implementation

question

when a company does something particularly well relative to its competitors, it can be said to have a

answer

core capability

question

According to the BCG matrix, a dog is a company that has a weak competitive position in a ______ market

answer

low-growth

question

A company that currently operating in a ____, mature, or threatened industry might benefit by diversifying into an unrelated industry

answer

slow-growth

question

effective goals specify a _____ so that employees know when to deliver the results

answer

target date

question

to be effective, strategic, tactical, and operational plans must be_____, which means they are consistent, mutually supportive, and focused on achieving the common purpose and direction of the organization

answer

aligned

question

A goal is specific so that:

answer

it describes particular behaviors or outcomes

question

an internal analysis helps decision makers better understand their firm's existing functions, ____, and skills

answer

resources

question

the best way for companies to make use of the environmental data they collect is:

answer

through expert quantitative analysis

question

a relevant goal is one that will the org achieve its:

answer

objectives

question

one critical task in environmental analysis is forecasting, which means

answer

predicting future trends

question

A company in a ____ growth market and with a strong competitive position in that market is known as a star in the BCG matrix

answer

high

question

3rd step of 6 steps of planning is:

answer

goal and plan evaluation

question

buyers, suppliers, competitors, govt. and regulatory agencies are all____

answer

stakeholders

question

4th step in the formal planning process is

answer

goal and plan selection

question

often. companies seeking to diversify their portfolio of businesses might choose to do so through______

answer

mergers/acquisitions

question

the type of plan that translates broad strategic goals and plans into specific goals and plans that are relevant to a particular function is known as a _____ plan

answer

tactical

question

environmental analysis examines?

answer

economic and tech factors

question

Components of a mission statement

answer

-what org does -who it provides goods/services to -the company's values

question

a strategy of concentric diversification involves moving into new businesses that are related to the company's original____ business

answer

core

question

the monitor and control step of the planning process is the _____ step

answer

6

question

characteristics of effective goals

answer

-measurable -attainable -specific

question

Targets or ends that managers want to reach

answer

goals

question

While a business strategy specifies how particular business units will compete, a _____ strategy specifies which businesses a company should be in

answer

corporate

question

Should be included in a plan

answer

-resources req to reach the goal -obstacles that may develop while attaining the goal -outline of alternatives that may lead to goal attainment

question

_____ is considered as an activity of the external environment of an organization.

answer

Macroeconomic analysis. Macroeconomic conditions are the economic factors that affect supply, demand, growth, competition, and profitability within the industry. It is an activity involved in the external environment of the organization.

question

In a SWOT analysis, the absence of reliable suppliers would be considered as a(n):

answer

weakness. SWOT analysis helps managers summarize the relevant, important facts from their external and internal analyses. Weaknesses might be lack of spare production capacity and the absence of reliable suppliers.

question

The planning process is similar to the _____ process in that both have a series of steps that are typically repeated in a cycle.

answer

strategy-mapping. The similarities between decision making and planning includes the fact that both move not just in one direction but in a cycle. The outcomes of decisions and plans are evaluated, and if necessary, they are revised.

question

In the BCG matrix, high growth, weak-competitive-position businesses are called _____.

answer

Question Marks. High-growth, weak-competitive-position businesses are called question marks. They require substantial investment to improve their position; otherwise divestiture is recommended.

question

Which of the following is true of strategic planning?

answer

Strategic plans have a strong external orientation. Strategic planning involves making decisions about the organization's long-term goals and strategies. Strategic plans have a strong external orientation and cover major portions of the organization. Senior executives are responsible for the development and execution of the strategic plan, although they usually do not formulate or implement the entire plan personally.

question

A(n) _____ illustrates the four key drivers of a firm's long-term success, and shows how goals in each area are linked to others.

answer

strategy map One method for aligning the organization's strategic and operational goals is a strategy map. It illustrates the four key drivers of a firm's long-term success, and it shows how specific plans and goals in each area link to the others and can generate real improvements in an organization's performance.

question

Which of the following is true of operational planning?

answer

It identifies specific plans and procedures. Operational planning identifies the specific procedures and processes required at lower levels of the organization. Frontline managers usually focus on routine tasks such as production runs, delivery schedules, and human resource requirements.

question

The planning level with the shortest time horizon is known as _____ planning.

answer

operational

question

_____ provides individuals and work units with a clear map to follow in future activities.

answer

Planning. Planning provides a clear map to follow in future activities; at the same time this map may be flexible enough to allow for individual circumstances and changing conditions.

question

The letter S in the acronym SMART stands for:

answer

Specific

question

The BCG matrix categorizes businesses within a conglomerate's portfolio as dogs, stars, question marks, and _____.

answer

cash cows

question

A _____ system is a component of the strategic management process designed to support managers in evaluating the organization's progress with its strategy and, when discrepancies exist, taking corrective action.

answer

strategic control The final component of the strategic management process is strategic control. A strategic control system is designed to support managers in evaluating the organization's progress with its strategy and, when discrepancies exist, taking corrective action.

question

A vertical integration strategy is a strategy:

answer

hat involves expanding the domain of the organization into supply channels or to distributors. A vertical integration strategy involves expanding the domain of the organization into supply channels or to distributors. Vertical integration generally is used to eliminate uncertainties and reduce costs associated with suppliers or distributors.

question

The strategy an organization uses to build competitive advantage by being unique in its industry or market segment along one or more dimensions is known as a(n) _____ strategy.

answer

differentiation

question

Benchmarking is the process of assessing how well one company's basic functions and skills compare with:

answer

those of another company. To assess and improve performance, some companies use benchmarking, the process of assessing how well one company's basic functions and skills compare with those of another company or set of companies. The goal of benchmarking is to thoroughly understand the "best practices" of other firms and to undertake actions to achieve both better performance and lower costs.

question

Which of the following takes place after a firm formulates its strategy?

answer

Strategy implementation

question

_____ include sets of actions to be taken when a company's initial plans have not worked well or if events in the external environment require a sudden change.

answer

Contingency plans

question

The most effective _____ statements inspire organization members, offering a worthwhile target for the entire organization to work together to achieve.

answer

visionThe most effective vision statements inspire organization members. They offer a worthwhile target for the entire organization to work together to achieve. Often these statements are not strictly financial because financial targets alone may not motivate all organization members.

question

The coordinated series or sequence of functional activities necessary to transform inputs such as raw materials or professional skills into the finished goods or services customers value and want to buy. is called the:

answer

value chain

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