Industrial Revolution – World History – Flashcards

A social, political, and economic movement that took place during the 19th Century and created significant change in the countries that went through this transformation

The process of purchasing large tracts of land and fencing it in to increase an individual land owner’s space to grow crops; allowed farmers to experiment with new methods of agricultural techniques and required smaller land owners/farmers to compete with large land owning farmers

Planting a different crop each year in an effort to increase the nutrients in the soil

The process of shifting economic production from the individual producer in homes and small workshops to the production of goods by machines in factories

This is where the IR began due to this country’s rich natural resources, large population, great waterways, and numerous harbors

Land, Labor, & Capital; those that control these entities control economic production

Large buildings where the mechanized creation of goods took place

One of the biggest industrial benefactors of industrialization; really takes off after Eli Whitney invents the Cotton Gin

An individual who starts his/her own business; they take the risks and reap the rewards

Invented the steam engine that would revolutionize the factory system, transportation, and have significant changes to Industrial Revolution life

Significantly increased industrial production and transportation by connecting different regions of a country and allowing goods to travel from one place to another faster than boats could transport goods

The process of villages turning into cities as a result of the industrial revolution; think of your little village changing through time during the “Urban Game”

This social class develops during this time as most of the factory owners and investors in business began to succeed in their ventures; enjoyed a lot of the refinements of life that the upper class historically enjoyed

Name that country: Begins with the Textile Industry, had great natural resources, railroad development increased industrial development

Name that country: Ripped the ideas of industrial production from the English, similar resources and waterways to England

Name that country: Imported British equipment and engineers from England, built vast railways to develop industry, the country unifies as a result of this physical and economic connection

As the IR develops, some countries become very rich while others who are not industrializes become poor by contrast; these rich countries would come to dominate world politics in the decades to come and colonize non-industrialized nations to obtain natural resources

Industrialization shifted the lives of all people in a given society; daily life, life expectancy, the increase in poverty and wealth of the few, the breakdown of the family

The idea that governments should not restrict the progress of business; no rules or regulations should be placed on business

The “Father of Capitalism,” argued for Capitlaism to be the dominant economic system in his book “The Wealth of Nations”

A system of economics that relies upon the private in investment and ownership of businesses; no government ownership of the business sector

The philosopher who created the idea of utilitarianism as a system of government

A system of government/economics where only decisions and values that have the “greatest good” in mind should be pursued; the idea is to do the greatest amount of good for the greatest amount of people

Robert Owen led this movement as a response to the ills of industrial societies; this is an idea that a “perfect living place” can be established for a group, community, or society

A system of government/economy that allows for a mix of private and public ownership of the business sector and social services; this system attempts to give all segments of society a stake in the economy/government

The “Father of Communism” who argued the natural progression of socialism would lead to class warfare (a struggle between the working class and the middle and upper classes) and eventually Communism

The publication Karl Marx and Fredrick Engels wrote to outline their theories on Socialism and Communism

A system of government/economics that argues for a society where there is no private ownership in business; all aspects of society are shared equally amongst the people of a society

These were created as a way for workers to change their situation; these groups would negotiate with management, called collective bargaining, to bring better pay, conditions, and benefits to workers of an industry

When labor unions and management could not come to an agreement, workers took power into their own hands by refusing to work, and protesting the problems in their working lives

Made it illegal to hire children under 9 years old in the factories; limited hours kids could work

Further limited work hours to 10 hours for women & children

This system ends for England in 1807; it ends in America in 1865 after Civil War

This group of people were at the forefront of a number of reform movements; as a result of their activity they began to fight and struggle for their own rights