Chapter 2 quiz (US history) – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Native were fatalistic
answer
- see this as the end of hte world - when Europeans come in, they give up the will to live, believing its the apocalypse
question
by 15th century, ____ Africans transported to US
answer
75,000
question
St Augustine
answer
est 1565 oldest spanish settlement in north america
question
why spanish didnt settle a lot in North America
answer
- they were looking primarily for gold and silver which were more readily found in central america
question
1588
answer
defeat of the spanish armada pirates= sir francis drake and jack hawkins
question
Spanish settle in New Mexico, Utah, Colorado because______
answer
- pirate francis drake from england is patrolling the western coastline, forcing them further inland
question
1598--
answer
-Huan de On~ate sent to New Mexico as governer with 129 soldiers and their families, 7000 livestock, 10 franciscan missionaries
question
in New Mexico the pueblo revolt, European punishment
answer
- 500 men killed - 300 women killed - men over 25- cut off 1 foot - most forced into slavery
question
English Settlement
answer
- begins for real after 1588 (defeat of spanish armada) - emulated spanish - still wanted to to find north west passage - wanted silver/gold/slaves - expected Natives to provide for them
question
why did english ppl go to the Americas
answer
- enclosure of land was common iin England taking away farming land - they had to move to cities where they had to find new types of jobs - advertisements showed America as beautiful and a place of certain wealth
question
jamestown
answer
- inhabited by English - in Virginia, Chesapeake Bay area, mouth of James River - deep river allows ship to come right up to port - but land is poor, swampy, in winter water gets murky and causes dysentry -away from Spanish coastline(hiding)
question
john smith
answer
-was chained for part of first journey to US for impassioned speeches - prior mercenary for Austrians, work with Dutch against King Philip - later became a goo leader for the colonists and forced them to work - injured in 1609, forced to go back to england
question
Starving time
answer
1609-1610 - brought about from lack of hard work and John Smith's absence - rough, starving winter - population went from 600 to 60 in Jamestown - turn to cannabilism - Natives destroy crops
question
Colonists arrived _______
answer
May 1607 - suffer scurvy (rotten/depleted food supply) - werent ready for farm work/ hard labor - bad shelter-- tree houses - dysentry (from brackish water) - dehydration -survived thru help of Native Americans - had lack of leadership (until Smith)
question
Thomas Dale
answer
- new governer when Smith left - enforced martial law to reestablish order after starving time - harsh punishments for not working or stealing food (cut of limb/killed/tortured)
question
Tsenacommacah
answer
Native American name for Virginia area - meaning "densely populated area"
question
Opechancanough
answer
- threatened by John Smith out of nowhere - bro of chief of one Iroquois tribe
question
Pohcahontas
answer
- name meant "little hellion" - spunky child well liked by Europeans - nine when met John Smith (no romantic relationship) - learned english from the settlers and traders - married John Rolff, kept peace between Natives and Europeans until her death
question
John Rolff
answer
- discovers main cash crop for colony-- tobacco - later marries Pohcanhontas
question
tobacco
answer
-main cash crop -mix Native tobacco with some from trinadad= "black gold" - 3 schillings per pound - ruined soil after 2 years (caused europeans to rapidly spread inward, push out Natives)
question
Europeans bring Pigs
answer
- became feral, competed in woods with Native Americans for food
question
Europeans bring Honey Bees
answer
- pollinators-- apple and pear trees - change landscape even more - take over more land
question
Europeans bring earthworms
answer
- change landscape - eat leaves on ground, soil eroded more easily - Natives well maintained forest, worms made this more difficult
question
indentured servants
answer
- were meant to meet the colonies increasing need for labor (but didnt) - after 5 years of slave labor, they were promised 100 acres (*before 1616) or 50 acres (*after 1616)
question
1st representative body in America
answer
House of Burgess (legistlative type panel) - located in jamestown - unicameral (1 chamber) - all wealthy white men land owners
question
executive branch in early european colonized America
answer
- governer - appointed in England
question
Africans good slaves becuase-----
answer
- didnt succumb to diseases as easily - used to working in heat - dont know lay of land, escape would be harder - stick out if they do manage to run away
question
Virginia became a "royal Colony"
answer
- 1624 - Virginia COmpany went bankrupt (because of conflict with the powhatans) so colony taken over by Britain
question
juan de onate
answer
- 1595 appointed gov of new mexico by viceroy - married to daughter of Aztec daughter and Cortes - mexican by birth - banished from new mexico for cruel treaetment of Natives, but when he returned to Spain was knighted and made chief mine inspector
question
Pedro Peralta
answer
- gov of new mexico after onate - made santa fe the capital in 1610
question
capital for first America settlements raised thru
answer
joint stock companies
question
first royal English charter went to
answer
the Virginia Company
question
No _____ went to Jamestown
answer
farmers
question
Thomas Dale reported that settlers_______
answer
bowled daily
question
Jamestown coloinsts
answer
wanted gold, dug for gold instead of planting crops
question
English settlers (in regards to Native American lands)
answer
- cause conflict because unwilling to share land with Natives - take land without making payment - thought taking land from Natives was their God given right
question
New France activities--
answer
fur trading and trapping
question
first French man to establish colony in North America
answer
Samuel de Champlain
question
Quebec = royal province in ______
answer
1660s
question
In quebec________
answer
New France - popualtion growth was slow - feudal land system - no Protestants allowed - Peasants couldnt own land
question
Native Americans (fur trade)
answer
- nearly exterminated beavers - more likely to start wars with other tribes - had to go further back into the country to find animals
question
wealthy ppl in Netherlands invested in
answer
TRADE
question
By 1675, _________established colonies on the Atlantic coast
answer
English and Spanish
question
Headright
answer
- established to entive english to settle in America - come before 1616= 100 acres - come after= 50 acres
question
encomienda
answer
- Spanish practice of demanding goods and presents from Native Americnas as tribute - also their labor
question
1619
answer
- Americas first representative body = house of burgesses - first big wave of slaves and indentured servants - Headrights established
question
benefits of French
answer
- settled in small groups which didnt completely take over landscape - did not force Natives to convert - French learned about hte Natives culture and society and language - good traders (fur)
question
May flower
answer
- September 6,1620 - March 21, 1621 -102 passengers (67 were not pilgrims) - 20 crewmen - tightly packed (because at double capacity from the passengers from the Speewell) - Scurvy and malnutrition - too high salt intake -- dehydration, diabetes, high blood pressure
question
Pilgrims were backed by________
answer
the Virginia Company
question
Pilgrims aimed to land at _____________
answer
Hudson River because north enough from Jamestown so nto to compete
question
mayflower Compact
answer
1620 - signed on board the Mayflower when they realized out of Virgina Company jurisdiction - all men sign to agree on rule of law in settlement - Declare leaders, promise to follow them - assigned name in 1793 - first constitution in America
question
Patuxet
answer
abandoned villages in plymouth area when small pox wiped most out, giving the pilgrims the false notion that the land was not inhabited
question
Squanto
answer
- survived small pox because he had been sold earlier into slavery - found unburied bodies of his tribesmen - teaches settlers hor to hunt, fish, farm (also aided by Pokanokets)
question
Settlers and Natives get along
answer
- feast for three days - maybe first thanksgiving (disputed by virginians) - settlers and pokanokets
question
William Bradford
answer
1633 - first gov of plymouth - thought the pilgrims were spared from small pox plague because of Gods will
question
Pilgrims were _______________-
answer
- literal/ simple interpretation - pseudo-middle age thinking (everything chalked up to Gods will)
question
massachussetts bay colony
answer
- 1630-- puritans - 10 years after pilgrims - 1000 ppl come over - not a capitalist endeavor(financed personally by puritans) - leader = John Winthrop - designed to be a model community - "Beacon of hope" shining example of utopian society - theocracy (no separation of church and state)
question
Separists
answer
gave up on England didnt believe the church there could be reformed thought best thing was a clean slate
question
Puritans
answer
still hoped that England would reform wanted to be a model for what England shoud do
question
Winthrop and puritans lasting contributions
answer
- Boston Commons (set aside as land for public use) - Boston latin school and Harvard (spurred american public school system)
question
winthrop was against
answer
Democracy - mob rule - thought rule by council of wise elders would be best
question
Calvinists
answer
- predestination - heaven and hell - harsh punishments
question
1648 Law
answer
Puritans made set of laws - combined english common law, their own statuates, adn biblical law - capital punishment for adultery (2 people) - repressive for women - background for salem witch trials - no religious freedom (persecuted not puritans) - children disrespectful could be put to death
question
Puritan social order
answer
- put in place by GOd - family hierarchy important - families usu had 5 kids - family was the foundation (no singles allowed in colony if not living with a family)
question
Puritan ideas on women
answer
- bog on the sins of Eve--- women were not given a voice in any decisions, considered emotionally inferior to men, punished for eve by pain in childbirth: shouldnt try ot help pain because it = penance
question
puritan life expectancy
answer
60-70
question
puritan socity 3 main parts
answer
- religion - family - community
