AP World History Strayer Chapter 5 Vocabulary – Flashcards

*Definition:* Describes members of China's landowning families, reflecting their wealth from the land and privilege that they derived as government officials. *Significance:* Social class that divided the people. It caused conflicts between different groups of people. It was a way to organize.

*Definition:* Han court official who was usurped the throne and ruled from 8CE to 23CE. *Significance:* Had a reform movement that included the breakup of the estates of large landowners. Power of officials vs Power of landlords.

*Definition:* Chinese scholar *Significance:* Led a rebellion against military leaders and abandoned society (Daoism) and searched for immortality.

*Definition:* Massive Chinese peasant uprising with goal of a new golden age of equality and harmony. *Significance:* Peasants vs Elites/landowners. Fight for what they wanted caused major conflict.

*Definition:* System of social organization in India that has evolved over millennia. Based on division of 4 classes (varna) with addition of thousands of social distinctions based on occupations (jatis). *Significance:* The main cell of social life in India. Organized life and status.

*Definition:* Idea that members of high castes must adhere to strict regulations limiting or forbidding their contact with object/members of lower castes to preserve own caste. *Significance:* Division of people. The lowest caste vs highest caste had potential conflict and segregation.

*Definition:* Slaves were captives from war, piracy, and children victims of long-distance trade. *Significance:* Household service was the most common slaves with the Greeks. The Romans had slaves work in brutal conditions of mines. Different situations since the beginning.

*Definition:* Roman gladiator who led the most serious slave revolt in Roman History form 73 BCE to 71 BCE. *Significance:* Made slave owners worried and aware of threat that slaves could fight back. Caused other rebellions and uprisings (inspirational).

*Definition:* Chinese Confucian notion of women subordinate to male control: Father, Husband, Son. *Significance:* The base of gender distinction through Confucianism (even today).

*Definition:* Men above women in all society, politics, and home. *Significance:* Started to weaken in second-wave era but still present.

*Definition:* Only Female "Emperor" in Chinese history. *Significance:* Patronised scholarship, elevated position of women, provoked backlash of confucian misogynist invective.

*Definition:* Foreign women in Athens/ Prominent and influential statesman of Athens in the Golden Age. *Significance:* After Pericles' death, Aspasia still held high(er) status. Famed for learning (education) and wit (conversationalist).

*Definition:* Dependent, semi-enslaved class of ancient Sparta. *Significance:* Social discontent prompted the militarisation of Spartan society. Cause of way of life in Sparta.