Mauryan and Gupta Empires – AP World History – Flashcards
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Mauryan Empire
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-Classical Civilization in India -Unified South Asia under 1 government -Expanded under the rule of Chandragupta Maurya -Emerged in the 4th century BC -At it's height during the 3rd century BC -Capital: Pataliputra
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Chandragupta Maurya
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Conqueror who expanded the Mauryan empire
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Provinces
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Sections of the empire which had capital cities and princes who served as representatives to the emperor
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Council of Ministers
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Assisted the princes; another council advised the emperor
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Districts
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Sections of provinces that were governed by ministers who were in charge of the local bureaucrats
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Role of the army
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The army kept peace in the empire and an extensive spy system kept the government informed of any unrest that was brewing.
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Ashoka Maurya (Ashoka the Great)
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-Ruled 268 - 232 BC -Expanded the empire -Converted to Buddhism after attacking Kalinga -Sent missionaries to Ceylon and Bactria -Established effective tax-colllecting system, built roads, and outlawed slavery -Rock and Pillar Edicts
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Ceylon
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Now known as Sri Lanka
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Bactria
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A kingdom west of the Ganges River established by Alexander the Great's Greek descendants
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Rock and Pillar Edicts
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Ashoka's policies and philosophies were inscribed on rocks and pillars to keep the public informed of the law
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Reasons for the Fall of the Mauryan Empire
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-Later leaders did not share Ashoka's talent for governance -Unable to maintain a highly centalized bureaucracy -Ineffective military
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Effect of Mauryan Empire
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-India became a powerful trading crossroads between China and Europe -Indian Ocean Sea Lanes connected India to East Africa, Indonesia, and Rome -United South Asia under one government
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Gupta Empire
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-Similar to the Mauryan empire -Trading crossroads -Provinces controlled by princes -Pataliputra became the intellectual and cultural center of the empire -Improved health care -Developed the 0-9 numeral system (known as Arabic Numerals)
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Gupta Empire health care improvements
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-Setting broken bones -Skin grafts -Innoculations
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Gupta Religion
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Particularly noticeable in education, art, and literature Hinduism -Children from upper castes studied the Vedas and other literature in school Entire universities were devoted to studying particular subjects, such as government, astronomy, math, art, painting, and architecture.
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Nalanda
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One of the oldest universities in the world
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Sarnath
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Buddhists established a university for Buddhist teachings
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Religious Freedom
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Allowed by both Mauryan and Gupta empires
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Buddhism
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-Spread to China along the Silk Road -Monasticism spread through South Asia -Gained more followers in East and Southeast Asia than South Asia
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Fall of the Gupta Empire
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-Ethnic diversity and a large number of languages divided the empire -Unable to organize a highly centralized bureaucracy -Nomads called the White Huns invaded
