AP World History Time Period 2 – Flashcards

Ruled by an emperor

Government system in which decisions are made by state officials

Managing relationships with other cultures through discussion and representatives

Unpaid labor mostly in construction as a debt to ruler

Family loyalty or respect

Seafaring

Allowed for Caravan transport of goods and people

Seasonal wind blowing Northeast in the summer and Southwest in the winter which allowed for Indian Ocean trade from South Asia to the African Coast

Spread across the Silk Road from China to Europe as a result of trans-regional interaction

Persian underground water supply system

Wheeled Roman irrigation device

The Black Death or Bubonic plague killed over one-third of its total population

Religion founded in 3500 BCE which preached reincarnation, moksha, and supported the caste system. It's scriptures were The Vedas and upanishads and its treatment of women was patriarchal because woman cannot achieve Moksha

Religion founded by Abraham in 1500 BCE. It preaches a covenant with God and Ten Commandments and was the first monotheistic religion. It's religious scripture is the Torah or Old Testament. Women have no official power but are very influential and important to the household

A philosophy founded by Confucius around 500 BCE which Praises Merit education and government as well as filial piety and ancestor worship. It's texts were the analects and it was very oppressive because it valued men above women

A religion founded by Lao Tzu around 500 BCE which supported harmony with nature and Chi, a supernatural life force.

Religion founded by Siddhartha Gautama later to be known as the Buddha around 500 BCE. It practiced a monastic lifestyle and preached the four noble truths and Eightfold Path to enlightenment by reducing suffering and eliminating material desire

A religion founded by Jesus of Nazareth Circa 30 CE. It had a monastic lifestyle and was a monotheistic religion based around Jesus' divinity as Messiah. It's texts are the New and Old Testament collected into the Bible

T - trade. R - religion. E - expansion. E - Empire.

600 BCE to 600 CE

Q'in (Great wall, Terra cotta warriors) & Han (Silk Road)

Maurya (Buddhism/Ashoka), Gupta (Reunites India/Chandra Gupta)

Bantu (Swahili language/migration)

Assyria (war faring/ chariots), Persia (Darius the Great/Persian War with Greece)

Greek City States (Athens vs. Sparta), Hellanism (Alexander the great expands), Roman Empire/Republic (pinnacle of architecture, art, western culture)

Maya, Aztec, Inca

Organization and reorganization of human societies (gov't after Hun invasions)

The development and codification of religious and cultural traditions

Empires increased in size and inter-regional contacts diffused religious and cultural systems. Religion and belief systems provided a special bond and ethical code to live by. Shared beliefs enforced political economic and occupational stratification.

Codification and further developments of existing religious Traditions provided a bond among people and an ethical code to live by. Examples are Jewish monotheism and the Hebrew scriptures , Sanskrit scriptures and Hinduism which reinforced teachings of Brahma and reincarnation as well as a caste system

New belief systems and cultural Traditions emerged and spread often asserting Universal truths: Buddhism talk to end suffering and reach Enlightenment by eliminating desire (spread by Mauryan emperor Ashoka and missionaries/marchants). Confucianism score beliefs and writings originated in lessons by Confucius who promoted social harmony and respecting social relationships. Taoist writings promoted to core belief of balance between humans and nature (Lao Zi) which affected the development of Chinese culture (Chi, medical practices, poetry, water color, architecture, metallurgy). Christianity was based on the core beliefs of the teachings and Divinity of Jesus of Nazareth and despite initial Roman Imperial hostility it spread through missionary and merchant's efforts until it eventually gained Roman Imperial support by the time of emperor Constantine. Greco-Roman philosophy emphasized logic empirical observation and the nature of political power and hierarchy (Socrates, Plato, Aristotle). Art and architecture reflected such values and beliefs systems (Hindu, Buddhist, Christian, Greco-Roman art/architecture)

Belief systems generally rainforest existing social structures while also offering new roles and status to some men and women. For example Confucianism emphasized filial piety and some Buddhists and Christians practiced a monastic life.

Other religious and cultural Traditions including Shamanism animism and ancestor veneration continued (polytheism)

The development of states and Empires (military, administrative institutions, hierarchies)

The number and size of key States and Empires grew dramatically as rulers imposed political Unity on areas were previously there had been competing states (Persia, Qin/Han, Maurya/Gupta, Greek C.S./Roman and Hellanistic Empires, Maya C.S)

Empires and States developed new techniques of Imperial Administration based in part on the success of the earlier critical forms (centralized government, legal systems and bureaucracy in China, Persia, Rome, and India)

Assuring currencies, diplomacy, developing supply lines, building fortifications, defensive walls, New Roads, and drawing new groups of Military Officers and soldiers from the location populations or conquered populations

Unique social and economic Dimensions developed Imperial Societies in afro-eurasia in the Americas (trade/culture capitals: Persepolis, Athens, Constantinople, Chang'an)

Corvee labor, slavery, rents and tributes, hasn't communities, family and household production

The Roman Han Persian Moran and Gupta Empires encounter political culture and administrative difficulties that they could not manage which eventually led to their decline collapse and transformation into successor Empires or States (social tensions because $ was all in the hands of elites; invasions {Han/Xiongnu, Gupta/White Huns, Romans/ barbarians to North and East})

Emergence of inter-regional networks of communication and exchange (trade, disease, communication, exchange of goods/ideas

Land and water routes became the basis for inter-regional trade communication and exchange networks in the eastern hemisphere. TRADE ROUTES: Eurasian Silk Roads, trans-saharan Caravan routes, Indian Ocean Sea Lanes, Mediterranean Sea Lanes

New technologies facilitated long-distance communication and exchange (domesticated pack animals: horses/camel caravans, maritime tech: monsoon wind knowledge allowed trade b/w East Africa to East Asia)

Alongside the trade and goods, exchange of people, technology, religious and cultural beliefs, food crops, domesticated animals, and disease pathogens developed across extensive network of communication and exchange (irrigation techniques like qanat system, rice & cotton crops spread from South Asia to ME, Bubonic Plague in Europe and China, Hinduism/Christianity/Buddhism spread and transform)