Rader World History – Hinduism/Buddhism – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
HINDUISM
answer
--
question
Monism
answer
belief that there is one essence or ultimate reality, which is within many forms (Brahman, in the form of Deites)
question
Deites
answer
gods/goddesses 1) Brahma the creator (sets world in motion) 2) Vishnu the sustainer (keeps world in motion) 3) Shiva the destroyer (rejects dharma)
question
Sruti
answer
scriptures divinely revealed to holy men, includes Vedas and Upanishads
question
Smriti
answer
attributed to human creation, include stories or gods, civil code, mythology, royal families
question
Vedas
answer
Rig Vedas - creation of universe Yajur Vedas - ceremonial Sama Vedas - chants Artharva Vedas - practical prayers
question
Upanishads
answer
- ways to worship the gods with hearts and minds - basic understanding of the universe - how people should live
question
Brahman
answer
includes human soul (atman), greater reality
question
Samsara
answer
cycle of birth, life, death, and rebirth
question
Karma
answer
universal law of action, driving behavior based on individual dharma - positive and negative things happen in one's life and past lives - how they have observed religious duty (dharma)
question
Dharma
answer
duty or responsibility in life, can gain positive karma and minimize negative karma by following dharma
question
Moksha
answer
elimination of negative kharma, atman released from samsara
question
Maya
answer
illusion, one should not become too attached to the physical world and lose sight of the interconnectedness of existence (all is Brahman)
question
Mandir
answer
temple, have one deity. Images of deites are dressed but not worshipped, the concept of Brahman is worshipped
question
Puja
answer
simple prayers, meditation to bathing, and dressing of deites
question
Household shrines
answer
Specific families determine deity of shrine, usually only one, but can have additional based on need
question
Yoga
answer
pathway to union with Brahman - Karma yoga: charity or action union - Jñana yoga: acknowledging truth of reality - Raja yoga: meditation and mental focus - Bhakti yoga: temple and home puja
question
Diwali
answer
festival of lights, recognition of light within, exchange gifts
question
Holi
answer
spring festival, youthful and joyous spirit
question
Caste System
answer
1) Priests (Brahmans) 2) Warriors (Kshatriyas) 3) Merchants (Vaishyas) 4) Laborers (Shudras) 5) Untouchables
question
BUDDHISM
answer
--
question
Birth
answer
by King and Queen in Warriors/Rulers caste (Shudras) in Northern India, Queen had a dream that white elephant stabbed her belly, Siddhartha could walk and talk at birth
question
Naming Ceremony
answer
master of universe, if endured suffering he'd be spiritual leader. Dad gave him no suffering
question
Leaving Wealth
answer
grew up, was rich with family, felt something missing. Saw suffering outside and a happy old guy. Decided to try and be like him
question
Renunciant/Asceticism
answer
no possessions, extreme ascetic disciplinary practices to achieve enlightenment. Almost died, realized extremes are not the answer
question
Enlightenment
answer
under Bodhi tree, confronted image of ego as an "illusion", achieved Nirvana, shared what he learned
question
The Three Marks of Existence
answer
Universal truths that apply to all being 1) Anatta: No personal or eternal soul, only consciousness 2) Anicca: everything is always changing 3) Dukkha: since nothing lasts forever, we suffer when they are gone
question
The Four Noble Truths
answer
1) Life includes suffering 2) The cause of suffering is desire 3) In order to eliminate suffering, eliminate desire 4) The Eightfold path will help you eliminate suffering and desire
question
The Eightfold Path
answer
Right understanding, intention, speech, action, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, concentration
question
Thervada "The Way of the Elders"
answer
orthodox, Tripitaka, monks and nuns
question
Mahayana "The Great Vehicle"
answer
widespread and diverse, Bodhisattvas are "enlightened beings" who have achieved nirvana and help others, Buddha is greater
question
Vajraraya "The Diamond Vehicle"
answer
Tibetan, Dalai Lama is reincarnation of Avalokiteshvara, who found nirvana. TENZIN GYATSO is 14th. Mystical traditions and magical practices.
