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1529

answer

Spanish explorer Alonso Alvarez de Pineda maps Texas Coast

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1528-34

answer

Alvar Nunez Cabez de Vaca explores Texas for trade

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1685

answer

LaSalle established Ft. St. Louis @ Matagorda Bay, providing the basis of French claim to Texas territory

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1688

answer

The French colony is massacred

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1689

answer

The French continue to claim Texas but no longer physically occupies any part of the territory

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1690

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Alonso de Leon established Catholic missions throughout Texas

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1762

answer

The French give up their claims to Texas and cede Louisiana to Spain until 1800

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1800

answer

Much of north Texas is returned to France and later sold to the U.S. in the Louisiana Purchase

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1823

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Stephen F. Austin begins a colony known as the Old Three Hundred along the Brazos River

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1832

answer

Battle of Velasco-first casualties of Texas Revolution

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1832-33

answer

"The Conventions" responded to unrest over the Policies of the Mexican government

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1835

answer

The Texas Revolution officially began in an effort to obtain freedom from Mexico

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1836

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The "Convention of 1836" signed the Texas Declaration of Independence. The Battle of the Alamo. Santa Anna executed nearly 400 Texans @ the Massacre @ Goliad. Sam Houston leads an army of 800 to victory by capturing the entire Mexican army @ the Battle of San Jacinto. The Treaty of Velasco is signed by Santa Anna and Republic of Texas officials

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1837

answer

Sam Houston moves the capital of Texas five times ending in Houston

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1839

answer

Austin becomes the capital of the Republic of Texas

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1842

answer

Mexican forces twice capture San Antonio and retreat

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1845

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Texas admitted to the Union as a state

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1850

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The Compromise of 1850 adjusts the state boundary assumes Texas' debt

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1861

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Texas secedes from the Union and joins the Confederacy

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1865

answer

Union troops landed in Galveston and put the Emancipation Proclamation into effect in Texas ending slavery

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1870

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Texas is readmitted to the Union

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1900

answer

Galveston is destroyed and 8000 people are killed by a category 4 hurricane

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1901

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The Lucas Gusher comes in: starting the Texas oil boom

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1607

answer

Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement

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1787

answer

The Constitution was written

question

1803

answer

Thomas Jefferson purchased the Louisiana Territory from France

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1861-1865

answer

The Civil War

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Lexington, Massachusetts

answer

The first shots of the American Revolution were fired in April 1775

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Concord, Massachusetts

answer

The site of the first battle of the American Revolution

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Battle of Saratoga

answer

The turning point of the American Revolution

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Yorktown, Virginia

answer

The British were defeated by George Washington's troops and signaled the end of the American Revolution.

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Fort Sumter

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The first shots of the Civil War were fired here

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Battle of Gettysburg

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The turning point in the Civil War for the North. Confederate troops were forced to retreat and never invaded the North again.

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Vicksburg, Mississippi

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Captured by the North in 1863, effectively split the Confederacy in two and gave control of the Mississippi River to the Union.

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Appomattox Court House

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The small town in Virginia where Robert E. Lee surrendered the Confederate Army to Ulysses S. Grant ending the Civil War.

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Mercantilism

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An economic theory that a country's strength is measured by the amount of gold it has, that a country should sell more than it buys and that the colonies exist for the benefit of the Mother Country.

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Abolitionist

answer

A person who wanted to end slavery in the United States.

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Tariff

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A tax on goods brought into a country.

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Protective Tariff

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A tax placed on goods from another country to protect the home industry.

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Sectionalism

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A strong sense of loyalty to a state or section instead of to the whole country.

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Temperance Movement

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A campaign against the sale of drinking of alcohol.

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House of Burgesses

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The first representative assembly in the new world.

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Three Branches of Government

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Legislative Branch, the Judicial Branch, and the Executive Branch

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Federalism

answer

The sharing of power between the states and the national government

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Popular Sovereignty

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The practice of allowing each territory to decide for itself whether or not to allow slavery.

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Federalists

answer

Supporters of the Constitution who favored a strong national government.

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Antifederalists

answer

People opposed to the Constitution, preferring more power be given to the state governments than to the national government.

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Magna Carta

answer

Signed in 1215 by King John, was the first document that limited power of the ruler

question

Declaration of Independence

answer

A document written by Thomas Jefferson, declaring the colonies independence from England.

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Articles of Confederation

answer

The first American constitution. It was a very weak document that limited the power of the Congress by giving states the final authority over all decisions.

question

Monroe Doctrine

answer

A foreign policy statement by President James Monroe stating that the U.S. would not interfere in European affairs and that the western hemisphere was closed to colonization and/or interference by European nations.

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Treaty of Paris of 1763

answer

Ended the French and Indian War and effectively kicked the French out of North America

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Treaty of Paris of 1783

answer

Ended the American Revolution and forced Britain to recognize the United States as an independent nation.

question

Common Sense

answer

A pamphlet written by Thomas Paine to convince colonists that it was time to become independent from Britain.

question

Great Compromise

answer

Created two houses of Congress. One based on population, the other gave equal representation to each state.

question

Sam Adams

answer

A member of the Sons of Liberty who started the Committee of Correspondence to stir public support for American independence.

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King George III

answer

The King of England who disbanded the colonial legislatures, taxed the colonies, and refused the Olive Branch Petition leading to the final break with the colonies.

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Andrew Jackson

answer

The leader of the original Democratic Party and a "President of the people". He was also responsible for the Trail of Tears, which forced Native Americans west of the Mississippi River.

question

John C. Calhoun

answer

A South Carolina Congressman and Senator who spoke for the South before and during the Civil War.

question

Henry clay

answer

A powerful Kentucky Congressman and Senator who proposed the American System and the Compromise of 1850.

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Daniel Webster

answer

A Massachusetts Congressman and Senator who spoke for the North and the preservation of the Union.

question

Jefferson Davis

answer

The President of the Confederacy during the Civil War.

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Ulysses S. Grant

answer

The General of the Union Army and was responsible for winning the Civil War for the North.

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Robert E. Lee

answer

The General of the Confederate Army.

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James Madison

answer

Considered to be the "Father of the Constitution".

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Frederick Douglas

answer

A former slave who became the best-known black abolitionist in the country.

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Harriet Tubman

answer

An escaped slave who became a Conductor on the Underground Railroad and helped over 300 slaves to freedom in the North.

question

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

answer

Organized the Seneca Falls Convention creating the Women's Rights Movement in the United States.

question

First Amendment

answer

Freedom of speech, religion, press, assembly, and petition.

question

Second Amendment

answer

The right to bear arms.

question

Third Amendment

answer

Forbids the government to order private citizens to allow soldiers to live in their homes.

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Fourth Amendment

answer

Requires that warrants be issued if property is to be searched or seized by the government.

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Fifth Amendment

answer

Protects an accused person from having to testify against him or herself (self-incrimination); bans double jeopardy, and guarantees that no person will suffer the loss of life, liberty, or property without due process of law.

question

Seventh Amendment

answer

Guarantees the right to a jury trial in civil suits.

question

Sixth Amendment

answer

Guarantees the right to a speedy public trial by an impartial jury, the right to a lawyer, the right to cross examine witnesses, and the right to force witnesses at a trial to testify.

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Eighth Amendment

answer

Prohibits cruel and unusual punishment and excessive bail or fines.

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Ninth Amendment

answer

People have rights other than those specifically mentioned in the Constitution.

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Tenth Amendment

answer

States that powers not given to the Federal government belong to the States.

question

Thirteenth Amendment

answer

Abolished Slavery

question

Fourteenth Amendment

answer

Guarantees citizenship and rights to all people born or naturalized in the United States.

question

Fifteenth Amendment

answer

The right to vote to all citizens regardless of race.

question

Marbury v. Madison

answer

The 1803 Court decision that gave the Supreme Court the right to determine whether a law violates the Constitution. It set up the principle of judicial review.

question

Dred Scott v. Sanford

answer

The Supreme Court decision that said slaves were property and not citizens.

question

Cotton Gin

answer

Invented by Eli Whitney that speeded the cleaning of cotton fibers and in effect, increased the need for slaves.

question

Steamboat

answer

Robert Fulton revolutionized transportation and trade in the United States with this invention.

question

Pythagoras

answer

580 B.C.-Greek Philosopher and mathematician (Pythagorean theorem)

question

Oscar Romero

answer

1917-1980- Archbishop from El Salvador- during the Civil War he was assinated-turning point of war. Fought for the poor.

question

Jean Jacques Rousseau

answer

1712-1790- Enlightenment, created ideas that helped inspire French and American Revolutions-went insane. From Switzerland.

question

Adam Smith

answer

1723-1790- From Scotland, wrote book that greatly impacted industrial revolution and became basis of capitalism.

question

Mother Teresa

answer

1910-1997- Albanian nun- began a charity in Calcutta, India: Missionaries of Charity. Nobel Peace Prize 1997

question

Hideki Tojo

answer

1884-1948- Led Japan to join Axis powers. Was Prime Minister of Japan and ordered the bombing of Pearl Harbor. Found guilty for multiple crimes-most notably for the death of 4 million Chinese. Executed.

question

Voltaire

answer

1694-1778- Frenchmen who wrote satires of the Church and French government.

question

James Watt

answer

1736-1819- Scotsman who invented the rotary steam engine.

question

Woodrow Wilson

answer

1856-1924- U.S. President (Federal Reserve Act, The Clayton Antitrust Act), WWI Fourteen Points for peace-League of Nations, Senate rejected Treaty of Versailles and the League of Nations.

question

Elizabeth I

answer

1533-1603-Never married, defeated Spanish Armada. Virginia named after this Queen.

question

Queen Victoria

answer

1819-1901- Longest reigning monarch of U.K., her reign went from monarchy to constitutional monarchy (nine kids). Grandmother of Europe.

question

Justinian

answer

483-565- Emperor of Byzantine Empire, code of laws (Roman), innocent until proven guilty.

question

Nalan Sharansky

answer

1948-Russian Jew, spoke out against oppression- imprisoned- moved to Israel.

question

Archemedes

answer

287 B.C.- Lever, Catapult, Greek scientist, pulley

question

Nelson Mandela

answer

1918-2013- South African, black president, went to prison- appartaide

question

Galileo

answer

1564-1662- Italian astronomer, developed his own telescope (saw 4 moons of Jupiter) sun-centered, Church put him through court.

question

Mao Zedong

answer

1893-1976- Leader of Communist Revolution in China

question

Simon Bolivar

answer

1783-1830- Led South American's against Spain, Bolivia named after him- drew up constitution.

question

Golda Meir

answer

1898-1978- First Israeli Prime Minister, from Russia, Yom Kippur

question

Louis Pasteur

answer

1822-1895- Chemist/Biologist, discovered penicillin, discovered vaccine for rabies (French).

question

Lech Walesa

answer

1943- Polish- worker's rights, known fro his right to strike. Elected President in 1990 of Poland when Russia left.

question

Robert Boyle

answer

1627-1691- Englishman- Chemistry- Royals Society

question

Isaac Newton

answer

1643-1727- Gravity, father of Modern scientist/physicist.

question

Indira Ghandi

answer

1917-Influential woman of India, Prime Minister who was assassinated by her own bodyguards.

question

William Wilberforce

answer

1759-1833- Deeply religious, against slavery-Sierra Leone, Member of Parliament of England-ended British slave trade.

question

Hammurabi

answer

1750 BC- Babylonian King- first law of code-282 laws, "an eye for an eye"

question

Thomas Aquinas

answer

1225-1274- Italian priest-used Greek to claim God exists

question

Copernicus

answer

1473-1543- Challenged earth-centered theory, from Poland.

question

Ronald Reagan

answer

1911-2004- Credited bringing U.S.S.R. to end, Reaganomics, actor

question

William Blackstone

answer

1723-1780- Englishman- Lawyer, parliament

question

John Calvin

answer

1509-1564- Protestant, Calvinists, reformation.

question

Eratosthenes

answer

285-204 BC- Greek geographer- earth was round.

question

Thomas Hobbes

answer

1588-1679- English philosopher, ideas used in U.S. system of government.

question

Three-Fifths Compromise

answer

Slave count, lack of Bill of Rights

question

Alexander Hamilton

answer

Supported the establishment of a national bank.

question

Nineteenth Amendment

answer

Women granted the right to vote.

question

Caddo Nation

answer

Mound Builders, once largest and most powerful Indian group in Texas. Mainly agricultural.

question

Apaches

answer

High Plains of Central Texas- hunters

question

Plains Indians

answer

Centered their lives around the buffalo

question

Comanches

answer

Dominated the Southern Plains. Like the Plains, they were nomadic and relied on the buffalo. Quanah Parker, famous chief.

question

Sam Houston

answer

First President of Texas

question

Communism

answer

An economic system in which the government owns all businesses and makes all production decisions. All citizens are supposed to share equally in the country's wealth.

question

Socialism

answer

Based on the idea of a cooperative society in which wealth is equally distributed. The government controls some basic industries and public utilities, whereas other businesses are owned by individuals. Provide many social welfare programs such as health care and aid to the poor.

question

Capitalism

answer

An economic system in which individuals control the means of production, distribution, and exchange. The government usually does not interfere in business. A free-enterprise system because, with the exception of some limitations imposed by the government, citizens may engage in whatever business they choose and may produce and charge what they want.

question

Federal Reserve System

answer

Consists of twelve regional Federal Reserve Banks. It is a regulatory agency with the power to supervise the country's banks and adjust the money supply.

question

Inflation

answer

A general rise in prices. People can buy less with the same amount of money.

question

Consumer Price Index

answer

A way of measuring the dollar's value.

question

Genghis Kahn

answer

1162-1227- Leader and founder of Mongol tribes of Asia. Ruled from 1206-1227. Occupied most of Asia during reign.

question

Mohammed

answer

570-632- Born in Mecca, died in Medina. Founder of Islam. Regarded by Muslims as a prophet of God. Teachings make up the Qu'ran.

question

Cleopatra

answer

69-30 BC- Last Pharoh of Egypt. After she died, Egypt became a Roman province. Had children with Roman generals Julius Caesar and Marc Antony.

question

Confucius

answer

551-479 BC- Chinese thinker and social philosopher. Influenced Chinese, Korean, Japanese and Vietnamese cultures.

question

Plato

answer

428-347 BC- Classical Greek philosopher. Laid Western philosophical foundations with his teacher, Socrates, and his student, Aristotle. Founder of first institution of higher learning in the Western world, the Academy in Athens.

question

Charlemagne

answer

747-814- A king of the Franks. Charles the Great, or Charles I. Ruled over Western and Central Europe. Conquered Italy and was crowned Imperator Augustus by Pope Leo II in 800. Regarded as founding father of French and German monarchies, and as Father of Europe.

question

Norman Conquest

answer

Began in 1066. Led by William the Conquerer. His military victory at the Battle of Hastings led to Norman control of England. This control would influence England more with continental Europe than Scandinavian culture. Would also lead to rivalry between England and France for the next millennium.

question

Feudalism

answer

A political and economic system of Europe from the 9th to about the 15th century, based on the holding of all land in fief or fee and the resulting relation of lord to vassal and characterized by homage, legal and military service of tenants, and forfeiture.

question

Manorialism

answer

The economic portion of feudalism where all aspects of life were centered on the lord's manor including the village, church, farm land and mill.

question

Martin Luther

answer

1483-1546- A German priest and professor of theology who initated the Protestant Reformation. He strongly disputed the claim that freedom from God's punishment of sin could be purchased with money as it was taught by the Catholic Church. He was excommunicated by the Catholic Church in 1521. He translated the Bible into German, and this contributed to the further development of the German language.

question

Black Death

answer

Recognized as the bubonic plague. Spread to Europe from Asia in the 1340s.

question

Johannes Gutenberg

answer

1398-1468- A German goldsmith and printer who introduced modern book printing. His invention of mechanical movable type printing started the Printing Revolution.

question

Leonardo da Vinci

answer

1452-1519- Italian polymath: painter, sculptor, architect, musician, scientist, mathematician, engineer, inventor, anatomist, geologist, cartographer, botanist and writer.

question

Napoleon Bonaparte

answer

1769-1821- French military and political leader. General during French Revolution, Ruler of France as First Conusl of the French Republic, King of Italy, Mediator of Swiss Confederation, and Protector of the Confederation of the Rhine. His actions shaped European politics in the early 19th century.

question

Conquest of the Aztec

answer

One of the most important campaigns in the Spanish colonization of the Americas. The invasion began in February 1519 and was acclaimed victorious on August 13, 1521, by a coalition army of Spanish conquistadors and Tlaxcalan warriors led by Hernan Cortes and Xicotencatl the Younger against the Aztec Empire.

question

Glorious Revolution 1688-1689

answer

The overthrow of King James II of England by a union of Parliamentarians and an invading army led by Dutch William of Orange who, as a result, ascended the English throne as William III of England. Last successful invasion of England. Dealt serious blows to Catholicism in England: catholics could not vote or sit in Parliament for 100 years; monarchy could not be catholic or marry into catholicism.

question

French Revolution

answer

1789-1799- It was a period of radical social and political upheaval in French and European history during which the French government underwent structural changes, and adopted ideals based on Enlightenment principles of nationalism, citizenship, and inalienable rights. Changes were accompanied by violent turmoil and executions.

question

Karl Marx

answer

1818-1883- A German philosopher, political economist, historian, political theorist, sociologist, communist, and revolutionary, whose ideas played a significant role in the development of modern communism.

question

Russian Revolution

answer

1917- Which destroyed the Tsarist autocracy and led to the creation of the Soviet Union. A Bolshevik-led revolution in October 1917, lead by Vladimir Lenin, instituted dramatic change in social structure, paving the way for the USSR.

question

Adolf Hitler

answer

1889-1945- Austrian-born German politician who led the National Socialist German Workers Party, commonly known as the Nazi party. Chancellor of Germany 1933-1945, and Fuhrer 1934-1945 ruling the country as an absolute dictator of Germany. Lead vast rearmament of Germany and exploited nationalism, anti-semitism, anti-communism, and other propaganda. Invaded Poland, effectively starting WWII. Responsible for the Holocaust and execution of various other "undesirables".

question

Mohandas Gandhi

answer

1869-1948- He was the pre-eminet political and spiritual leader of India during the Indian independence movement. Known as "Father of The Nation" in India for his defiance of British government and success in civil rights movement.

question

Great Depression

answer

Economic downturn in the U.S. associated with the stock market crash in 1929 and lasting until war economy boost in 1939.

question

Plessy v. Ferguson

answer

1896- Upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation even in public accommodations, under the doctrine of "separate but equal".

question

Traditional Economy

answer

System in which resources are allocated by inheritance, which has a strong social network and is based on primitive methods and tools. Found in underdeveloped regions of South America, Asia and Africa.

question

Command Economy

answer

System in which the state controls all aspects of the economy and makes all decisions about wealth distribution and the use of the economy. Found in communist states.

question

Market Economy

answer

System in which the production and distribution of goods and services take place through the mechanism of free markets guided by a free price system. There are no governments in which a true market economy exists.

question

Marie Curie

answer

1867-1934- Polish physicist and chemist. Pioneer in the field of radioactivity, and is the first and only person awarded the Nobel Prize in two different sciences.

question

Thomas Edison

answer

1847-1931- American inventor and businessman. Prolific U.S. patent-holder with 1,093 to his name including the phonograph and the long-lasting light bulb.

question

Albert Einstein

answer

1879-1955- German born theoretical physicist. Best known for his theory of relativity and his theory of energy equivalence. Received Nobel Prize in 1921 for physics.

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