World History Chapter 3 Study Guide – Flashcards
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deccan plateau
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a raised area of level land too dry for farming
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moonsoons
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winds that bring hot, dry air from the northeast in October and heavy rains from the southwest in Mid-June
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harappa and mohenjo-daro
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they had wide streets, strong buiding materials, and plumbing systems
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Indra
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the chief god and god of war
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vedas
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sacred teachings
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brahman
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a single spiritual power
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aryan society
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priests, warriors, farmers, and merchants
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rajahs
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aryan chiefs
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atman
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essential self
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moksha
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union with the spiritual force called braham
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reincarnation
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rebirth of the soul in another soul
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karma
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a persons action that affect where a person is born in the next life
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dharma
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religious and moral duties
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castes
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social groups into which people are born
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siddhartha gautama
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found out why humans suffered. the founder of buddhism
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buddha
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"the enlightened one" taught the four nobles truths and the eightfold path which includes "right aspirations"
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nirvana
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union with the universe
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buddhism
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teaches people to seek enlightenment on their own, rather than through priests or gods. it also rejects castes and teaches that everyone can reach nirvana
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goal of a hindu
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achieve moksha
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eightfold path
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the path that direct people to moral life and enlightenment
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chandragupta maurya
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founded the first imdian empire in 321 b.c. the capital of of the maurya empire had schools, libraries, and palaces
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asoka
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continued to expand the empire. he became a buddhist and ruled by moral example. he used elephants to attack kingdom of kalinga
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gupta dynasty
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united india from a.d. 320 to about 540
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golden age
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great period of great cultural achievements
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decimal system
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advances in mathematics include a system of numerals and the concept of zero
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ancient indians
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everyday life revolved around the rules and duties related to a persons caste, family, and village
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joint family
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parents, children, and grandchildren who lived in the same house
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advances in gupta rule
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advances in math system of numerals, concept of zero and decimal system
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confucius
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cared about social order and good government and five key relationship (filial piety most important)
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civilization of china
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first developed on the huang river
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shang dynasty
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began about 1766 bc
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zhou
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overthrew the shang in 1122 b.c. they promoted the mandate of heaven, or divine right to rule
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dynastic cycle
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rise and fall of dynasty. if the ruler was currupt, heaven will let this dynasty fall
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feudalism
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nobles had their own land, but owed military service and support to a ruler.
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iron
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in 600s b.c. it was a tool developed making family more productive
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laozi
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founded daoism
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philosophy
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system of ideas
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fillial piety
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respect for parents
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oracle bones
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questions were written on
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shi huangdi
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qin dynasty began in 221 b.c. when the leader of the qin conquered zhou, to build unity, he standardized weights, measures, coins, and writing. thousands of workers joined shorter walls to form the one great wall against invaders from the north
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han dynasty
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began in 202 b.c. it wasthe golden age for chinese culture. young men moved up through skills instead of family influemce
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wudi
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most famous of the han emperors, ruled from 141 b.c. to 87 b.c. instead of legalism he made confucianism the official belief system of the state. he improved transportation, controlled prices, created a government monopoly on iron sand salt
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expansionism
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increased chinese territory
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five classics
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a collection of historians, poems and handbooks, compiled from works by confucius and others
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acupuncture
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relieve pain or treat illness
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subcontinent
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a large landmass
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indian subcontinent
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isolated from the rest of asia, because of himalayas and hindu kush mountain ranges
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ramayana and mahabharata
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long epic poems in sanskrit
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ahimsa
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the principle of nonviolence
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hindu gods
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brahma, vishnu, and shiva
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buddhism in india
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it was founded there, but decline over time
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calligraphy
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the art form of beautiful writing
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geographic isolation
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the chinese belief that china was at the center of the earth
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legalism
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the only way to achieve order was to pass strict laws and use harsh punishments
