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Minos

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Legendary king of the Minoans

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Dorians

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Barbarian invaders who overwhelmed the Mycenaeans

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Ionians

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Mycenaeans which escaped to Asia Minot and Attica

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Hellenes

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Greeks of classical time who made great contributions to Western civilization

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Homer

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Blind Greek poet who creates the Iliad and the Odyssey

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Odysseus

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Brave Greek warrior hero of Homer's Odyssey

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Hesiod

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Greek Poet

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Zeus

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Chief and father of the Greek God's; associated with thunder and lightening

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Achilles

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The mythological invincible Greek warrior who died when a poisoned arrow pierced his one vulnerable spot, his heel

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Darius I

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Persian king who crushed the Ionian revolt in 499 B.C.; began the Greco-Persian Wars

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Xerxes I

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Persian king who attempted to avenge his father's death at Marathon; defeated by the Athenian nave at Salamis

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Leonidas

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Spartan leader who gave his life to hold off the Persians after he was betrayed at Thermopylae

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Themistocles

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Brilliant Athenian who tricked Xerxes into fighting a naval battle in the narrow strait between the Greek mainland and the island of Salamis

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Herodotus

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Greek historian who wrote about the Persian Wars; called the "Father of Greek History"

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Draco

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Prepared a written code of the law for Athens

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Solon

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Repealed the harsh edicts of Draco, relieved debtors, redeemed many slaves, forbade parents to sell or pawn their children, ordered every father to teach his sons a trade, and required sons to support their aged father if he had educated them

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Peisistratus

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First tyrant of Athens

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Cleisthenes

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Champion of the common people; played an important part in the development of the Athenian democracy; introduced ostracism

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Pericles

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Brought Athenian democracy to its fullest; one of 10 annually elected generals (executive officials) who became the undisputed leader of Athens for 30 years

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Phillip II

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Macedonian king who conquered Greece; father of Alexander the Great

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Demosthenes

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One of the greatest orators the world has even known

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Alexander the Great

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Conquered the Persian empire and spread Greek culture from Egypt to India

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Protagoras

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Greek philosopher who said "Man is the measure of all things."

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Thucydides

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Greek historian who was more accurate than Herodotus; wrote a history of the Peloponnesian War

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Sophocles

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Greek tragedian

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Aristophanes

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Famous comic dramatist of Greece

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Aesop

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Freed salve credited with introducing the fable of literature

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Sophists, Relativists

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Early philosophers who believed that there are no absolute truths

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Socrates

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Greek philosopher who sought absolutes; was forced to drink poison for his denial of Greek gods

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Plato

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Greek writer of philosophy who attempted to find an explanation for the obvious order, design, and purpose in the universe

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Aristotle

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Student of Plato and tutor of Alexander the Great; concluded that the order of the universe must have come from God

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Galen

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Greco-Roman physician of the second century A.D. who made important advances in medicine

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Archimedes

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Made important contributions to mathematics, engineering, and physics

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Balkan Peninsula

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Location of Greece; bounded by the Black Sea and the Aegean Sea on the east, and by the Ionian Sea on the west

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Hellespont

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The straits (Dardanelles) between the Black and Aegean seas

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Knossos

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Location of the palace of Minos, king of the Minoans, on Crete

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Troy

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City ear the Hellespont in Asia Minor which was destroyed by the Mycenaeans

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Mount Olympus

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Supposed home of the Greek gods

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Marathon

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Battle of the Greco-Persian Wars which not only proved that the Persians could be defeated, but also brought great prestige to Athens

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Thermopylae

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A narrow mountain pass where the Persians defeated the Sparta army with help of a traitor after a three-day siege

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Salamis

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Island off the coast of Greece where the Athenians defeated the Persians in the first major battle in history

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Plataea

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Where the Greeks defeated the last of Xerxes' army

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Athens

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Prominent city-state of ancient Greece; modern Grecian capital

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Sparta

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Rival city-state of ancient Athens

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Macedonia

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Kingdom on the northern fringes of ancient Greece

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Alexandria

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Name of 16 cities that Alexander the Great named after himself

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Ipsus

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Location of a decisive battle, after which Alexander the Great's empire was divided among four generals

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Parthenon

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Greatest of Athenian temples

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Trojan War

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Destruction of the city of Troy on the coast of Asia Minor by the Mycenaeans

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Iliad

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Homer's epic poem which describes the heroic deeds of the ancient Greeks in their war against Troy

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Odyssey

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Homer's epic poem which recounts the adventures of the Greek warrior Odysseus on his 10-year journey home after the defeat of Troy

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Heroes

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Characters in Homer;s poems who differed from the gods only being mortal and less powerful

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Polis

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A Greek-city state

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City-state

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A sovereign political entity

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Acropolis

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Hilltop fortress and a seat of government and religion

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Agora

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Marketplace

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Barbarian

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Name given to non-Greek speaking peoples

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Olympic Games

answer

Contests of skill help every fourth year at Olympia in honor of Zeus

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Olympiad

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The period between Olympics

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Monarchy

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Rule by one

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Council of Elders

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Group that advised the king of an ancient Greek city-state

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Assembly

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A mass meeting where all the citizens gathered about the kings and the elders to discuss political affair

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Aristocracy

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Rule by the "best"

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Oligarchy

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Rule by the "few rich"

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Tyranny

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Rule by one man who has seized power by rebellion and insurrection

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Democracy

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Rule by the many or the common people

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Helots

answer

Slaves; a third class of Spartan society

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Peloponneseian League

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An alliance formed by Sparta with Corinth, Megara, and other cities in the Peloponnesus

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Court of Areopagus

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Court that met on the hill known by the same name; it repealed laws, looked after public morals, and rebuked any person living in a manner unworthy of an Athenian

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Ostracism

answer

Process by which a quorum of citizens could vote to banish for 10 years any person believed to be dangerous to the state

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Representative Democracy

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Government in which the citizens elect a few men who represents them in the government

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Direct Democracy

answer

Government in which the citizens make to big decisions of government directly, nit indirectly through representatives

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Golden Age of Greece

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Age of the rule of Pericles over Athens

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Delian League

answer

League which met on the island of Delos, originally formed and later dominated by Athens for the purpose of protecting itself from Persia

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Peloponnesian War

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War between Sparta and Athens; began in 431 B.C. and lasted until 404 B.C.

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Hellenic League

answer

Organization of Greek city-states founded by Phillip II

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Pedagogue

answer

A well-educated slave who was put in charge of a young Greek boy's education

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Tragedy

answer

Drama in which man is often portrayed as a victim of a fate and circumstances, devoid of a free will

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Natrual Philosophy

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Science

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Hippocratic Oath

answer

High code of Ethics still taken by many medical school graduates today

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Absolutes

answer

Ultimate foundational truths

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The Republic

answer

Plato's most famous work

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Koine Greek

answer

Common language of cultures people throughout the Mediterranean world from 300 B.C. until the A.D. 400s

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Attica and the Peloponnesus

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The two prominent regions of ancient Greece

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Minoans, Mycenaeans, and Trojans

answer

The three main cultures of the Aegean Civilization and the location of each

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Minoan

answer

The first important European civilization after the Flood

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776 B.C.

answer

The date for the first Olympic games

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490-404 B.C.

answer

The dates for the Greco-Persian War

question

Battle of Salamis

answer

The first major navel battle in history

question

431-404 B.C.

answer

The dates for the Peloponnesian War

question

334 B.C.

answer

The date Alexander the Great began his conquest of the Persian Empire

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Ptolemies, Seleucids, and Antigonids.

answer

The three ruling dynasties that came out of Alexander's empire, and the area that each dynasty ruled

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700s B.C. to 338 B.C.

answer

The dates for the Hellenic Age

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Pindar

answer

The greatest lyricist of the Hellenic Age

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Democritus; Pythagoras; Hippocrates

answer

Famous Greeks who made contributions to science, mathematics, and medicine during the Hellenic Age

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323-30 B.C.

answer

The dates for the Hellenistic Age

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The philosophical teachings of Stoicism and Epicureanism and the founders of each

answer

Stoics believed that man should live according to reason, obey the law of nature, seek to do lasting good, honor all men as brothers, and remain indifferent to the pleasures and pains of life. Epicureans emphasized indulgence in one's bodily appetites and the physical pleasures of life. The founders of these philosophers were Zeno and Epicurus, respectively.

question

Famous Greeks who made contributions to astronomy, mathematics, and geography during the Hellenistic age

answer

Aristarchus of Samoa-proposed the theory that the earth revolves around the sun; Euclid-systematized theorems of plane geometry; Hipparchus-formulated the basic principles of trigonometry; Archimedes-made important contributions to mathematics, engineering, and physics; Eratosthenes-calculated the circumference of the earth with astounding accuracy; Strabo-wrote a 17-volume Geography

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