World History Chapter 4 Argumentative Essay – Flashcards
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epic poem
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a long poem that tells the deeds of a great hero
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arete
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an honorable excellence won in a struggle or contest
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polis
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the Greek term for "city-state" which was the central focus of Greek life
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acropolis
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the fortified area on the top of the hill in a Greek city-state
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agora
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an open area that served as a place for people to gather and for a marketplace
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hoplite
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a heavily armed infantry soldier of ancient Greece
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phalanx
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military unit which marched shoulder to shoulder in a rectangular formation
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tyrant
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a ruler who seized power from the aristocrats
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democracy
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a government by the people or the rule of the many
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oligarchy
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a government ruled by a small group of people
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helot
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the slaves of ancient Sparta; literally means "captured ones"
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direct democracy
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a government in which every decision of the government is determined by popular vote (everyone votes on everything)
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ostracism
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a practice of banishing someone from the city of Athens for ten years if the people believe the person is too ambitious or dangerous to the city
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ritual
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a religious ceremony or right
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oracle
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a priest or priestess through whom ancient Greeks and Romans received advice or prophecy from the gods
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tragedy
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a play dealing with tragic events and having an unhappy ending
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philosophy
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an organized system of thought
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Socratic method
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teaching method that uses a question-answer format to lead students to see things for themselves by using their own reason
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Hellenistic Era
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a period of time during which the Greek language and ideas spread to the non-Greek world of Southwest Asia and beyond
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Stoicism
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a Greek philosophy that taught that happiness came from living in harmony with the will of god and from an ability to bear whatever life offered
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Epicureanism
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a Greek philosophy that taught that human beings ought to be free to follow their own self-interest and make happiness their goal
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Classical
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high point of culture or golden age of ancient Greece
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Delian League
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Association of Greek city-states to protect them from the Persians led by Athens
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Ethics
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the branch of knowledge that deals with moral principles, about what is right and wrong
