question

abolitionist

answer

reformer who wanted to abolish/end slavery

question

William Lloyd Garrison

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1) one of the most forceful/famous voices for abolition 2) Quaker who opposed the use of violence to end slavery 3) He favored full political rights for all African Americans 4) Launched the newspaper-"The Liberator"

question

Frederick Douglass

answer

1) most powerful speaker for abolitionism 2) born into slavery, but broke the law by learning to read

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Harriet Tubman

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escorted more than 300 people via the Underground Railroads, slave owners put up a reward of $40,000 for her capture

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What solutions did the Antislavery Colonization Society propose to end slavery?

answer

slavery rebellions, slaves getting transported to Liberia

question

Why did most African Americans reject society's goals?

answer

they wanted privacy/wanted to keep the Underground Railroad a secret, didn't want to leave America

question

Which groups in the North were opposed to abolition? Why?

answer

New England Antislavery Colonization Society, wanted to keep their jobs/needed them for the cotton gin-cotton gin was created by Eli Whitney

question

How might the concerns of these groups be calmed?

answer

creating a law limiting the jobs free slaves can have

question

Prominent leaders such as _____(1)/________(2) opposed slavery. They believed slavery violated the basic principle of the __________(3) , "all men are created equal"

answer

(1)-Alexander Hamilton (2)-Benjamin Franklin (3)-Decleration of Independence

question

Which state became the 1st state to pass a law that gradually eliminated slavery?

answer

Pennsylvania

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Congress outlawed slavery where?

answer

the Northwest Territory

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When_____ entered the Union, it became the 1st state to ban slavery.

answer

Ohio

question

What inspired further opposition to slavery?

answer

the Second Great Awakening

question

Many people were influenced by who? This person condemned slavery, and was the most important preacher of the Second Great Awakening. Held the 1st of many religious revivals. They encouraged reform. People came to believe they had the power to improve themselves, they could also improve society.

answer

Charles Finney

question

David Walker

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published the Appeal: to the Coloured Citizens of the World. This pamphlet urged slaves to rebel for their freedom

question

The Underground Railroad

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1) network of people (blacks/whites, northerners/ southerners) who secretly helped slaves reach freedom 2) Working for this was illegal/dangerous 3) Levi Coffin-Indiana Quaker who assisted more than 3,000 slaves.

question

Some Northerners opposed abolition because some northern textile mill owners & merchants relied on what produced by slave labor?

answer

cotton

question

social reform

answer

organized attempts to improve conditions of life

question

predestination

answer

the idea that God has decided the fate of a person's soul even before birth

question

revival

answer

huge outdoor religious meetings

question

temperance movement

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organized effort to end alcohol abuse/problems caused by it

question

prohibation

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total ban of the sale/consumption of alcohol

question

Dorthea Dix

answer

MA schoolteacher;took up cause of prison reform, wanted to build new, more sanitary, & more humane prisons. Wanted to house individuals with mental illnesses seperate from those serving prison. Helped persuade MA legislature to fund a new mental hospital.

question

public schools

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free schools supported by taxes

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Horace Mann

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from MA;took the lead in the education reform

question

What were the ideas of predestination & the doctrine of free will?

answer

predestination-person's fate has been chosen doctrine-salvation was determined by a person's choices

question

How might the doctrine of free will promote democracy?

answer

making someone's own decisions, republic will go down in destruction

question

Which reforms did Horace Mann convince the state of MA to make?

answer

1) improving public schools 2) creating colleges to train teachers 3) raising salaries of teachers 4) lengthening school year

question

The expansion of _______ in the Age of Jackson encouraged reform.

answer

democracy

question

Most states dropped what requirement for voting?

answer

property owning/property related

question

Political parties developed a more open way of choosing what for President?

answer

candidates

question

In the early ____, a new generation of ministers challenged traditional views.

answer

1800s

question

What did these ministers preach?

answer

that people's own actions determined their own salvation

question

What were stemmed from the book Utopia about a fictional, ideal society?

answer

Utopian communities

question

Robert Owen founded a utopian community called what? It lasted how long?

answer

New Harmony, 2 yrs.

question

What aimed at ending alcohol abuse/problems it created.

answer

The Temperance Movement

question

1st American schools were set up for what?

answer

religious purposes

question

In the early 1800s, which state was the only state to require public schools?

answer

MA

question

Where did wealthy children go to school? Poor children?

answer

private schools, poor recieved no education

question

What did southern states prohibit slave owners to do?

answer

teach their slaves to read/write

question

In the _____. free black children were hardly ever at the same school as white children.

answer

North

question

Who was a Quaker teacher that opened a school for African American girls in CT.

answer

Prudence Crandall

question

became the 1st state to admit African Americans to public schools.

answer

MA

question

Sojourner Truth

answer

born into slavery in NY; became a powerful voice for women/enslaved African Americans; was illiterate and her words inspired people

question

Lucretia Mott

answer

Quaker who spent years working in the antislavery movement

question

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

answer

met Mott in London at an international antislavery convention then started their own after not being allowed to go in and having to wait outside of the room

question

women's suffrage

answer

the right of women to vote

question

women's rights movement

answer

organized effort to improve the political, legal, & economic status of women in American society

question

Susan B. Anthony

answer

co-founded the National Woman Suffrage Association in 1869

question

What were the goals of the women's rights movement?

answer

improve women's roles in society

question

How were the goals of the women's rights movement similar to/different from those of the abolitionist movement?

answer

Similar: both wanted change Different: One was about women, another about slavery

question

Why was it considered more important for boys to get a good education instead of girls in the early 1800s?

answer

boys had more career options than girls, girls were expected to do the domestic housework

question

How did the lack of equal educational oppertunities hurt women?

answer

women didn't get their fair say in economic and political fields

question

What were the things that women could not do in 1820?

answer

1) vote 2) serve on juries 3) attend college 4) enter into professions such as medicine/law 5) married women could not own property/keep their own wages

question

Most believed a woman's place was where?

answer

the home

question

Women began to demand rights as what?

answer

equal citizens

question

_______(1) met ________(2) at an international antislavery convention in London. Tried to attend a meeting/were told that women were not allowed

answer

(1) Lucretia Mott (2) Elizabeth Cady Stanton

question

Mott and Stanton held a convention to advance women's rights. The convention was where?

answer

Seneca Falls, NY

question

Stanton wrote a __________ based on the Decleration of Independence. It demanded full equality for women.

answer

Decleration of Sentiments

question

What did this convention launch?

answer

the women's rights movement in the U.S.

question

Susan B. Anthony joined together with Stanton & formed what?

answer

the National Woman Suffrage Association in 1869

question

What did this movement demand?

answer

the right of women to vote

question

What were now open to women?

answer

some private schools, colleges, and careers

question

transcendentalism

answer

movement that sought to explore the relationship between humans/nature through emotions instead of reason

question

Ralph Waldo Emerson

answer

leading transcendentalist who stressed individualism. Challenged people to use their "inner light" to guide their lives & improve society.

question

individualism

answer

unique importance of each individual

question

Henry David Thoreau

answer

took up Emerson's challenge of individualism, urged people to live simply. He believed that individuals should judge right & wrong for themselves. He encouraged civil disobedience.

question

civil disobedience

answer

idea that people should peacefully disobey unjust laws if their consciences demand it

question

Herman Melville

answer

later novelist that began to change the tone of American literature, fascinated with Pschycology and extreme emotion

question

Nathaniel Hawthorne

answer

later novelist that began to change the tone of American literature, fascinated with Pschycology and extreme emotion

question

Louisa May Alcott

answer

presented a gentler view of New England life;also published Little Women and The Scarlett Letter

question

Before 1800, what models influenced American writers & painters?

answer

European styles & Romanticism

question

How did later works like The Scarlett Letter & the paintings of the Hudson River school reflect a change in American art & literature?

answer

brought back emotions for nature

question

What did Henry David Thoreau mean by "civil disobedience"?

answer

people rebelling/standing up for what they think is right

question

How did Thoreau's ideas influence Martin Luther King, Jr.?

answer

both didn't believe in the use of violence

question

Washington Irving

answer

wrote "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" and "Rip Van Winkle"

question

James Fenimore Cooper

answer

wrote "The Deerslayer" and "The Last of the Mohicans"

question

Romanticism

answer

artistic movement-placed greater value on nature, emotions, and imagination

question

Trancedentalism

answer

American form of Romanticism-believed in a close link between humans/nature. Urged people to live simple and seek beauty, goodness, and truth within their own souls

question

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

answer

based poems on American History such as "Paul Revere's Ride"

question

Walt Whitman

answer

published Leaves of Grass, his poetry celebrated common people

question

_______(1)/_________(2) wrote poems that described & condemned the evils of slavery.

answer

(1)-John Greenleaf Whittier (2)-Frances Watkins Harper

question

Thomas Cole

answer

painted the Hudson River School which reflected the values of Romanticism. Sought to stir emotions by reproducing the beauty/power of nature

question

Popular songs

answer

"Yankee Doodle" "Camptown Races" written by Stephen Foster "Old Folks at Home" written by Stephen Foster

American History Chapter 12 – Flashcards

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