AP World History Ch.4 – Flashcards
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Raja
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A chief of a group of nomadic Aryans. They later became kings of small villages in India
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Caste System
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A social class system in India made by the Aryans. It was so strong it was also used to uphold political order.
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Jati
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a subcaste that arose due to more professions and long-distance trade outside of India
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Indra
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A war god of the Aryan people. He was their primary deity since the Aryans were violent nomads who always waged war
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varna
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A main part of the caste system. It determines your social status in 4 main groups
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sati
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A ceremony in which a wife throws herself on her husbands funeral pyre. This process shows women were dependent on men and enforced a patriarchal society.
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Vedas
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Collections of orally transmitted works of the Aryans. It includes hymns and prayers praising Aryan gods
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Upanishads
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A book of religious works that later founded Hinduism
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Upanishads
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A book teaching of reincarnation, and explaining the Vedas. It gave reason for the caste system in India
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Samsara
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A doctrine of the Upanishads explaining the process of reincarnation
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Lawbook of Manu
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A book written in the name of the god of creation, Manu. It outlines proper social relationships and clearly says women should be subservient to men
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Moksha
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A dreamless eternal sleep that frees a soul from suffering. Occurs when you are reunited with Brahman and escape reincarnation
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Karma
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A doctrine that explains what or whom you are reincarnated as. If you led a good life you move up the social ladder. If you lead a bad life you move down the social ladder or become an animal
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asceticism
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a life style that rejects luxuries and calls for a simple life
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soma
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A drug taken at Aryan rituals that causes the sensations of being divine.
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Harappan Society
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A society on the Indus river that was very advanced. Their society fell due to earthquakes, climate change, and rising sea levels.
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Mohenjo-Daro
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A Harappan city that was very wealthy and was built according to a planned grid. They even developed sewage systems
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Prakrit
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The language used by Aryans for common everyday use
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Sanskrit
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The language used by Aryans in formality and rituals
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republic
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A society governed by representatives of citizens. This government was rarely used in India
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Aryans
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Indo Europeans who migrated to India and fought with the local peoples. Eventually they settled and built up cities
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Brahman
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The universal soul that everyone is a part of. Aryans goal is to obtain moksha and be reunited with this soul
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Punjab
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An area in Upper India that people could enter India through
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Yoga
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A method of intense meditation that is a requirement to obtain moksha.
