History of jazz Exam 1 – Flashcards
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Dr. Jazz
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by Jelly Roll Morton
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St. Louis Blues
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Composed by W.C. Handy
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Dixie Jass Band One-Step
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first jazz recording. by The Original Dixieland Jass Band
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Dippermouth Blues
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by Joe "King" Oliver
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Carolina Shout
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by James P. Johnson
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Muskrat Ramble
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by Kid Ory
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Maple Leaf Rag
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by Scott Joplin
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The Great Migration
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movement from N.O. to Chicago
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Storyville
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Red Light District of New Orleans. (prostitution was legalized)
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Congo Square
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place where slaves gathered in Sundays to dance, sing, and play native African instruments in New Orleans
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New Orleans History
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originally owned by French, then given to Spanish, then given to US in Louisiana Purchase
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Jazz Age
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1920s era of jazz and wealth
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Brass bands
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marched by day to advertise, played dances at night to make $$. American popular music
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Fisk Jubilee Singers
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group of singers that popularized spirituals
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Ragtime
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piano style with a syncopated melody that led to Jazz
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Stride piano
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jazz piano where left hand is extremely active and right hand plays the melody
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Country Blues
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12 bars
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Classic (city) blues
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often backed up by jazz players; Mamie Smith
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Spirituals
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European hymns with African musical elements (shout & call)
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Creoles of Color/Uptown Blacks
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after Haitian refugees came blacks were segregated into separate communities; many were very cultured and studied abroad in Europe
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Jelly Roll Morton (Red Hot Peppers)
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jazz pianist/composer from N.O.
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Joe "King" Oliver
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legendary trumpet/cornet player from N.O.
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The Original Dixieland Jass Band
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all white, 1st jazz recording & formed in new Orleans
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Buddy Bolden
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cornet player from N.O. influence by Joe Oliver
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Bessie Smith
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sang blues
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Scott Joplin
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maple leaf rag ~ragtime piano
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Robert Johnson
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country blues, ex: Sweet Home Chicago
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Early jazz recordings
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had to use woodblock instead of drums
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Front line
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trumpet, trombone, clarinet combined polyphonically
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Early rhythm section
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banjo, tuba, drums
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Dissonance
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creates tension; relatively harsh
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Consonance
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relieves tension; relatively pleasing
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Tempo
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rate of speed in music
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Swing 8ths
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long note (2 8th notes combined), short note (1 8th note) repeated
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Improvisation
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making it up as you go
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Jazz
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style of music comprised of improvisation, swing feel and often syncopation
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Dynamics
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degrees of how loud or soft
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Form
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the thematic structure of a piece of music **(12 bar blues, 32 bar A-A-B-A, "rhythm changes," head arrangement)**
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Texture
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the quality created by the combination of different elements **3 types~ monophonic (single line even if two+ instruments are playing), homophonic (melody with accompaniment), polyphonic (three or more independent lines of equal importance)**
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Timbre
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quality or color of a given sound (ex: raspy, clear, muffled...)
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Harmony
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the study of chords & how they behave
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Syncopation
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the changing of the normal metric accent to an unexpected place
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Rhythm
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the orderly movement of music in time
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Riff
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a short, catchy jazz phrase
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Melody
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a series of pitches (notes) that comprise a musical thought
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Phrase
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distinct group of notes forming a complete thought in a longer piece of music
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chord progression
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progression of musical chords of the same root
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clavinet
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most important ragtime and early jazz chordal instrument
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dixieland
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style that exemplifies polyphonic texture
