Psych 235 Ch.9 – Flashcards

1.Piaget believed that between the ages of 2 and 6, it is difficult for children to think: A) subjectively. B) egocentrically. C) logically. D) abstractly.

2. A magician's stock and trade is getting the audience to focus on one aspect of his demonstration while he is manipulating another. This is most easy with preoperational children, as they are easily fooled with their tendency to: A) be static thinkers. B) reverse things in their perception. C) demonstrate centration. D) equilibrate.

Nine-year-old Bobby has no problem understanding that the 20-year-old who sometimes stays with him is both a student and a baby-sitter. According to Piaget, Bobby's thinking is no longer characterized by: A) conservation. B) object permanence. C) overregularization. D) centration.

4. When Jennie sees her third-grade teacher in the grocery store, she does not recognize her. This is likely due to Jennie's: A) static reasoning. B) abstract reasoning. C) concrete thinking. D) irreversibility.

5. Irreversibility refers to the preoperational child's tendency to: A) focus on something other than appearances. B) use deductive reasoning to solve a problem. C) be unable to think backwards from a conclusion to the beginning. D) engage in centration when another solution is needed.

6. Krista understands that 4 + 6 = 10 but does not understand that 10 - 6 = 4. She is displaying: A) irreversibility. B) centration. C) egocentrism. D) animism.

7. The inability to understand the Piagetian concept of conservation is a direct and most immediate result of: A) lack of intelligence. B) centration. C) egocentrism. D) irreversibility.

8. Whereas Piaget saw cognitive development as a result of individual discovery, Vygotsky attributed it to: A) biological changes in the brain. B) unconscious factors. C) watching others complete activities. D) social activities guided by others.

9. Each time Juan puts a puzzle together, his father gives him a little less help. Which theorist would be happy with Juan's father? A) Piaget B) Vygotsky C) Skinner D) Freud

10. The child, not yet being able to read on her own, gets assistance from an adult to accomplish the skill. This assistance will only be effective if the child is in: A) a static reasoning period. B) a scaffold. C) the period of preoperations. D) the zone of proximal development.

11. Mrs. Suttman helps her 2-year-old daughter count blocks and measure teaspoons of cocoa. Mrs. Suttman is providing: A) scaffolding. B) overstimulation. C) conservation skills. D) peer tutoring.

12. A teacher who carefully plans each child's participation in the learning process is: A) reinforcing good behavior. B) scaffolding. C) teaching new skills. D) constructing.

13. A problem with fast-mapping a word is that: A) the child forgets most words learned this way. B) when words are learned this way, good grammar is lost. C) the child may misuse the word. D) it interferes with other aspects of cognitive development.

14. Caitlin, age 4, visited the city zoo, pointed to a zebra, and exclaimed, "Look at the horse with stripes!" In describing the zebra, she used: A) logical extension. B) fast-mapping. C) overregularization. D) theory of mind.

15. Taylor and Madison are 2-year-old identical twins. Taylor's grammar and vocabulary are much more developed than Madison's. Which of the following would most likely explain this difference? A) Taylor has a genetic predisposition to accelerated language development. B) Taylor frequently sings when reading, while Madison prefers to read silently to herself. C) Taylor is being exposed to more language interaction than is Madison. D) Madison probably has a cleft palate.

16. Four-year-old Jon is sitting at the lunch counter next to his sister Erin. They are having hotdogs for lunch. Mom cuts Jon's hotdog into five pieces and Erin's into six pieces. Jon protests because "Erin has more than me!" Which of the following abilities does Jon not yet demonstrate? A) logic B) centration C) egocentrism D) conservation

17. Ivan was playing under the kitchen table when he stood up suddenly and bumped his head. He pointed at the table and sternly said, "Naughty table!" This is an example of which of the following? A) egocentrism B) operational thinking C) autism D) animism

18. Vygotsky believed that language advances thinking through: A) scaffolding and private speech. B) private speech and social mediation. C) the zone of proximal development and scaffolding. D) social mediation and reinforcement.

19. "I falled down and I hurted myself" is typical of a child when they first are learning grammar. This is an example of: A) overregularization. B) egocentrism. C) conservation. D) scaffolding.