Analyze the Psychology Chapter 13 Essay – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
attribution
answer
a judgement about the cause of a person's behavior
question
dispositional attribution
answer
a judgement assigning the cause of a person's behavior to his or her personal qualities or characteristics
question
situational attribution
answer
a judgement assigning the cause of a person's behavior to his or her environment
question
correspondence bias
answer
the tendency to view behavior as the result of disposition even when the behavior can be completely explained by the situation in which it occurs
question
just-world belief
answer
the assumption that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people
question
prejudice
answer
a prejudgement, usually negative, of another person on the basis of his or her membership in a group
question
stereotype
answer
a simplified set of traits associated with membership in a group or category
question
discrimination
answer
unfair behavior based on stereotyping and prejudice
question
cognitive dissonance
answer
the uncomfortable state that occurs when behavior and attitudes do not match and that can be resolved through attitude change
question
persuasion
answer
a change in attitudes in response to information provided by another person
question
Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM)
answer
a model that predicts responses to persuasive messages by distinguishing between the central and peripheral routes to persuasion
question
social norms
answer
usually unwritten or unspoken rules for behavior in social settings
question
conformity
answer
matching behavior and appearance to perceived social norms
question
compliance
answer
agreement with a request from a person with no perceived authority
question
door-in-the-face
answer
a persuasive technique in which compliance with a target request is preceded by a large, unreasonable request
question
foot-in-the-face
answer
a persuasive technique in which compliance with a small request is followed by compliance with a larger request that might otherwise have been rejected
question
obedience
answer
compliance with a request from an authority figure
question
social facilitation
answer
the presence of other people changes performance
question
social loafing
answer
reduced motivation and effort shown by individuals working in a group
question
deindividuation
answer
immersion of an individual within a group, leading to anonymity
question
group polarization
answer
the intensifying of an attitude following discussion
question
groupthink
answer
a type of flawed decision making in which a group does not question its decisions critically
question
mere exposure effect
answer
repeated exposure increases liking
question
altruism
answer
helping others without personal gain or with personal costs
question
bystander intervention
answer
the study of situational variables related to helping a stranger, most notably the decreased likelihood of helping as the number of bystanders increases
question
aggression
answer
the conscious intent to harm another
question
fundamental attribution error
answer
according to this view, the correspondence bias occurs because people completely failed to consider situational variables at all, leading by default to an overestimation of dispositional contributions to the resulting observed behavior
question
actor-observer bias
answer
when we use situational variables to explain our own behavior while continuing to use dispositional variables to explain the behavior of others
question
stereotype threat
answer
raising awareness of negative stereotype about a group to which we belong has the ability to reduce our performance
question
central route
answer
persuasion that occurs when a person considers persuasive arguments carefully and thoughtfully
question
peripheral route
answer
persuasion that occurs when a person responds to peripheral cues without considering the quality of the argument carefully
question
reciprocation
answer
when we feel obligated to give something back to people who have given something to us
question
self-serving bias
answer
attributing personal success to dispositional causes while attributing personal failure to situational causes
question
group-serving bias
answer
attributing group success to dispositional causes while attributing group failure to situational causes
question
attitude
answer
positive or negative evaluations that predispose behavior toward an object, person, or situation
