Sociology Chapter 7: Deviance and Social Control – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Deviance
answer
Any behavior that departs form societal or group norms. Ranges from criminal behavior (recognized by almost all members of a society as deviant) to wearing heavy makeup (considered deviant by some religious groups.
question
Negative Deviance
answer
involves behavior that under conforms to accepted norms
question
Positive Deviance
answer
behavior that overconforms to social expectations
question
Deviant
answer
person who violates one or more of society's most highly valued norms
question
Social Control
answer
means for promoting conformity to norms
question
Anomie
answer
social condition in which norms are weak, conflicting, or absent
question
Strain Theory
answer
deviance is most likely to occur when there is a discrepancy between a culturally prescribed goal and a legitimate means of obtaining it
question
Cultural Transmission Theory
answer
Deviance is part of a subculture; it is transmitted through socialization
question
Differential Association Theory
answer
deviant behavior-like religious choice, political affiliation, or sport preference-is learned, principally, in primary groups
question
Recidivism
answer
a return to crime after prison-makes sense in the light of cultural transmission theory because ex-convicts normally return to the significant others, primary groups, and reference groups through which they originally learned to be deviants
question
Labeling Theory
answer
theory that deviance exists when some members of a group or society label others as deviants
question
Primary Deviance
answer
person engages only in isolated acts of deviance
question
Secondary Deviance
answer
refers to deviance as a lifestyle and personal identity
question
Stigma
answer
an undesirable characteristic or label used by others to deny the deviant full social acceptance
question
White-collar Crime
answer
any crime committed by respectable high-status people in the course of their occupations
question
Occupational Crime
answer
refers to illegal acts by people either in their employment or in their personal financial
question
Corporate Crime
answer
subspecies of occupational crime; crime committed on behalf of organizations
question
Crime
answer
acts in violation of the law-as including a narrow range of behavior
question
Juvenile Crime
answer
refers to violations of the law committed by young people less than eighteen years old
question
Terrorism
answer
illegal us of violence to intimidate a government, or a group, or an individual in pursuit of a political, religious, economic, or social goal.
question
Transnational Terrorism
answer
involves terrorists in one country committing terrorist acts against targets in another country
question
Domestic Terrorism
answer
occurs against targets in the same country as the perpetrators
question
Criminal Justice System
answer
comprises the institution and processes responsible for enforcing criminal law
question
Deterrence Approach
answer
emphasizes intimidation, using the threat of punishment to discourage criminal actions
question
Incarceration Approach
answer
Removes criminals from society
question
Rehabilitation Approach
answer
approach to crime control that attempts to resocialize criminals
