General Sociology Unit 1 & 2 (People) – Flashcards

(1798-1857) Founder of modern sociology. Positivist. Religion and royalty cannot be trusted. Search for absolute knowledge in order to establish a new social order. Social doctrine based on scientific principles: social statics and social dynamics. Societies go through three stages: theological, metaphysical, scientific.

(1802-1876) Social and historical writer and English sociologist. Sought to identify basic laws that govern society; it must ensure social justice for women.

(1858-1917) Methodology and social facts. Study social facts just as rigorously as objects of events and nature. Society functions as an organism in maintaining order and stability. Principal concern was social solidarity: Mechanical Solidarity (traditional, bonds on similarity) and Organic Solidarity (modern industrial, bonds on interdependence).

(1818-1863) Economic and political thinker. Society characterized by class conflict. Group identification influences the individual. Social change primarily due to economic influences. Ownership and control of technology and production of goods is key to social inequality.

(1864-1920) German sociologist. Verstehen (interpretive understanding). Ideal type: a model for analysis by comparison and contrast. The Protestant Ethnic (values & economics). Ideas and values affect social change. Bureaucracies; types of authority; class, status, power; social change.

(1864-1944) Journalist turned sociologist. The Chicago School. Urban sociology: human ecology. Homelessness, crime, poverty, segregation, migration, social movements. Race relations.

(1868-1963) Civil rights leader. 1st African American Ph.D. Double consciousness. Race relations. Sense of self, identity influenced by historical experiences and social circumstances. Social analysis greater than social reform.

(1860-1935) Pioneer social worker (USA). Shared Nobel Peace Prize 1931. Founded Null House in an underprivileged area of Chicago. Pioneered neighborhood research. Founded/Led multiple associations to protect and advocate for immigrants, women, children.

(1910-2003) Conceptual Framework & Empirical Observation. Macrosociology (large-scale phenomena or entire civilizations) and Microsociology (small groups, often involving experimental methods). Deviant behavior. Manifest (stated) and Latent (unintended) functions. "Role model." "Self-fulfilling prophecy." Influenced specialization in sociology.

(1863-1931) Symbolic interactionism. Philosopher and social theorist. His work affected developments in microsociology. The self is the product of social interaction. Human communication includes the meaningful manipulation of objects. People communicate values and beliefs nonverbally through behavior. Stages the Self, intersubjectivity, emergence of meaning.

(1922-1982) The Dramaturgical Approach (all actions are social performances). "Candid camera" observation. No behavior is too trivial to be interesting. Wrote "The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life." Conceptual frames structure our perception of society and our everyday actions. Social role. Impression management and Face work.

Society as an organism. Interrelated, interdependent parts.

Society formed in conflict; power and inequality.

The individual and society emerge through use of symbol.

(1864-1929) Reflected, internalized evaluations. The social determination of the self: society and the individual can only be understood in relationship to one another. The facts of social life are mental, including individuals, groups, and institutions. Our internalization of the reactions of others towards us carries more weight than reality.

Child Psychologist. Product of psycho-social-cognitive development. Social interaction is the key to (cognitive) development. Stages include (1) Sensorimotor, (2) Preoperational, (3) Concrete Operational, (4) Formal Operational.