Sociology Ch:16
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The transformation of a culture overtime.
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Social Change
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Behavior that follows from the formation of a group or crowd of people, who take action together toward a shared goal. For example, fans at a game who are encouraging their team.
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Collective Behavior
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Happens when people start to loose control and kind of get absorbed into a mob or a crowd of people, which makes them not think before their actions. For example, a riot.
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Contagion Theory
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Argues that collective behavior is not as uniform, and that there are any number of factors that motivate people to participate in crowd activities.
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Emergent Norm Theory
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Is formed when a large number of people come together, either on purpose, or randomly.
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Crowd
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When a group of people engage in disorderly behavior, directed towards other people, or property that results in disturbing the peace.
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Riot
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Occurs when large groups of people, not necessarily in the same geographical location, engage in similar behavior. For example, buying a certain type of jeans, or getting a tattoo to bidding on eBay.
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Mass Behavior
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Are interests that are followed with great enthusiasm, for a period of time. For example, products, words or phrases, clothing styles, activities, and even pets.
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Fads
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Is a widespread style of behavior, and appearance.
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Fashion
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Is behavior that is rational for an individual, but can lead to collective disaster. For example, slowing down to look at the scene of a traffic accident, that is on the other side of the road.
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Social Dilemma
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Is what Garrett Hardin believed would happen to society, if certain resources got overused. For example, allowing too many animals at once to graze on "commons," without any limitations. Also, over fishing of crabs in Maryland.
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Tragedy of The Commons
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When Individuals must contribute to a collective resource, they may or may not ever benefit from. For example, many people volunteering to donate blood regularly to blood banks, in order to keep blood supplies steady.
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Public Goods Dilemma
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Are any social groups with leadership, organization, and an ideological commitment to promote or resist social change.
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Social Movement
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Is the theory that people join social movements not because of believing in it, but because they want to belong to something. Ex. Steve joins gay rights movement not because he believes in it, but because he feels like he needs to be included.
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Mass Society Theory
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Focuses on the actions of deprived or those being controlled, who seek rights already enjoyed by others in society. Ex. Bob joins gay rights movement because he has always felt like life is deprived/not equal for gay people and he wants to change that.
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Relative deprivation Theory
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Is the theory of social movements that allow people to have resources like phones, money, volunteers, office space, skilled workers, ability to talk, meet, and advertise, which are all affects on how effective a social change movement would be.
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Resource Mobilization Theory
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Any activity intended to bring about social change.
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Activism
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When social movements explicitly resist certain social changes, working to make sure things stay the same, or even moving backwards to earlier forms of social order.
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Regressive (Reactionary)
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Are new technologies that made rural living less isolating and facilitated new ways of working.
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Progressive (Forward Thinking)
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The idea that technology plays a defining role in shaping society.
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Technological Determinism
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Is the term that sociologists use, to describe this disconnect between a changing social condition, and cultural adjustment to that change.
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Cultural Lag
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A community of people linked by their consumption of the same electronic media.
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Virtual Community
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Marshall McLuhan's term, describing the way that new communication technologies override barriers of space and time, allowing people all over the globe to interact.
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Global Village
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The dissemination of beliefs and practices from one group to another.
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Cultural Diffusion
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Is the term that social scientists use to refer to social structures and institutions, like politics or commerce, that must now be conceived on a global rather than national scale.
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Globalization
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Is cultural influence, caused by adopting another culture's products, rather than imposed by military force.
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Cultural Imperialism
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Is the process where societies lose their particular uniqueness, as they all start to resemble one another.
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Cultural Leveling
