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empiricism

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view that knowledge comes from experience and science should rely on observation

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structuralism

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early school of psychology that thought you could decode the mind by just thinking about it (Descartes)

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functionalism

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school of psychology that focused on how mental and behavioral processes function and how these enable us to adapt

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experimental psychology

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study of behavior and thinking with experiments

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behaviorism

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view that psychology is an objective science that can only observe behavior

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humanistic psychology

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the focus on the current environmental effects on a person's growth potential

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cognitive neuroscience

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study of brain activity linked with mental activity and how we perceive, process, and remember information

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psychology

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the science of behavior and mental processes

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nature-nurture issue

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controversy over the contributions of biology (genes) and experiences in the development of psychological traits and behaviors (psychology's biggest issue)

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natural selection

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the principle that nature selects the traits that best enable an organism to survive and passes them on to future generations

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levels of analysis

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complimentary views of psychology, from biological to psychological, to social-cultural for analyzing any given situation

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biopsychosocial approach

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an approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis

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biological psychology

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branch of psychology that studies how the body and brain enable emotions

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evolutionary psychology

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branch of psychology that studies the roots of behavior and mental processes using the principals of natural selection

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psychodynamic psychology

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branch of psychology that studies how unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior

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behavioral psychology

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study of observable behavior

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cognitive psychology

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study of mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating

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social-cultural psychology

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study of how behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures

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psychometrics

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study of the measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits

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basic research

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science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base

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developmental psychology

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study of physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span

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educational psychology

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study of how psychological processes affect and can enhance teaching and learning

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personality psychology

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study of an individual's characteristic patter of thinking, feeling, and acting

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social psychology

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study of how we think about, influence and relate to one another

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applied research

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study that aims to solve practical problems

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industrial-organizational psychology

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application of psychology's concepts and methods in the workplace to help organizations and companies select and train employees, boost morale, design products, and implement systems

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human factors psychology

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study of the interaction of people, machines, and physical environments

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counseling psychology

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branch of psychology that helps people cope with challenges and crises to improve their personal and social functioning

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clinical psychology

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branch of psychology that assess and treats mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders

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psychiatry

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branch of \"medicine-dealing\" psychology that treats physical causes of psychological disorders with drugs

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SQ3R

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Survey, Question, Read, Rehearse, and Review

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by seeking to measure atoms of the mind, who established psychology laboratory?

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William Wundt

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which philosopher proposed that nerve pathways allowed for reflexes?

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Rene Descartes

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who coined the term \"tabula rasa\" (blank slate) to help explain the impact experience has on shaping an individual?

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john Locke

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what best describes research typical of Wilhelm Wundt's first psychology laboratory? a. examining the unconscious to determine behavior motivation b. using a brain scanning device to determine the impact events have on brain function c. measuring the reaction time between hearing a sound and pressing a button d. studying helping behavior, based on the premise that people are good. e. examining how collective life experiences combine to create individuality

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c. measuring the reaction time between hearing a sound and pressing a button

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with which of the following statements would John B watson most likely agree?

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psychology should focus on observable behavior.

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the definition of psychology changed as the field evolved during the early years. Why did John B Watson object to the definition preferred by Wundt, Titchener, and James? what group of psychologists did Watson's ideas influence? How did Watson redefine psychology?

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-watson objected to the \"science of mental life\" because he felt it was impossible to be scientific without observations. -Watson's ideas influenced the behaviorists -Watson preferred limiting psychology to behavior, because behavior could be observed and scientifically analyzed.

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Which of the following perspectives is most likely to address how the encoding, storing, and retrieval of information might alter our thoughts? behavioral psychodynamic humanistic cognitive biological

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cognitive

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who of the following would most likely study the interaction of people, machines, and physical environments? a. human factors psychologist b. personality psychologist c. industrial organization psychologist d. counseling psychologist e. experimental psychologist

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a. human factors

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psychiatrists differ from psychologists in that they..

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are medical doctors licensed to prescribe medicine

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What would a humanistic psychologist working with some poets ask..?

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how do society's attitudes affect their writing topics

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Betsy works in a human resources department. She plans training sessions, recruits people to work for the company, and implements techniques to boost morale around the office. Betsy is most likely to be a..

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industrial organizational psychologist

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George is said to have an \"easy-going\" personality. How might the biopsychosocial approach be used to explain an easy-going personality?

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1. biological factors would include George's genetic, psychological, and chemical makeup. For instance, George's easy going manner may be the result of brain chemistry. 2. Psychological factors would include a discussion of how George learned that an easy going personality makes people want to spend time with him. In response, he keeps negative and anxiety feelings to himself. He has the perception that other do not want to deal with his stress and anxiety. 3. Social-cultural factors would include George's family or cultural upbringing and expectations. If those who surround George expect him to be relaxed and laid-back, and this is what is supported in his community, george will be likely to act accordingly.

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Which of the following psychologists most strongly emphasize that human behavior is powerfully influenced by the interaction between people and their physical, social, political, and economic environments? a. community b. clinical c. counseling d. industrial-organizational e. rehabilitation

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community psychologist

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which of the following psychologists would be most likely to investigate biological, psychological, cognitive, and social changes over time? a. Educational b. experimantal c. social d. cognitive e. developmental

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developmental

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a psychologist investigates the methods teachers use to enhance student learning. With which of the following subfields is the psychologist most likely aligned? a. educational psychology b.experimental psychology c.school psychology d.social psychology e.forensic psychology

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educational psychology

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a psychologist works with children whose parents are divorcing. She helps them develop skills they need to cope with the situation. what kind of psychologist is most likely helping these children?

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counseling psychologist

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Dwayne is interested in helping people make good decisions regarding their physical well being. Dwayne should consider a career as a..

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health psychologist

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Anisha, a high school student, has been struggling in many areas in her life. She is overweight and spends a lot of time watching tv. She is having trouble keeping up in her classes and says she cannot seem to keep her focus. She has trouble making friends and \"fitting in\" at school. Explain how a health psychologist, social psychologist, and counseling psychologist can help her cope.

answer

- health: attempt to find ways to encourage her to lead a more active lifestyle and focus on improving her lifestyle and focus on creating a diet and exercise program. This should help her lose some weight and become healthier in her daily habits - school; might work with her parents, teachers, and counselors to determine why she is struggling in her classes and make recommendations for improving her classroom performance. -counseling: might work with her to find out why she has recently found numerous aspects of her life ore challenging and might work on strategies for helping Anisha cope with challenging situations, such as how to make friends.

AP Psychology Vocab Unit 1

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